华北地台太行-五台和阴山地块地壳物质组成——岩石地震波速实验证据

在模拟地壳的温度和压力条件下,测定了华北地台太行－五台和阴山地块的主要变质岩群和侵入岩共５４个岩石样品的纵波速度（ｖｐ）．各类岩石的ｖｐ在约４～１０ｋｍ深度内上升很快,在１０～２５ｋｍ内继续增大,但是幅度变小,在该深度范围内达到了ｖｐ最大值;在３０～３５ｋｍ之后到５０ｋｍ深度内的ｖｐ都趋于恒定．综合对比地壳的波速结构和岩石的波速特征表明,在太行－五台地块,五台群、滹沱群和古老花岗岩岩类构成上地壳,阜平群和恒山群构成中地壳,集宁群代表了下地壳的岩石组成;在阴山地块,马家店群、二道凹群、色尔腾山群和古老侵入岩类是中地壳和上地壳的组成部分,乌拉山群岩石则是下地壳的代表     

华北晚古生代煤中有机硫的赋存状态及其成因

为揭示煤中有机硫的赋存状态及其地质成因,采用电子探针微区分析和硫同位素分析技术对华北地区山西大同、太原西山、霍州以及安徽淮南４个矿区的８个层晚古生代的煤层进行了研究,海水的作用对有机硫的聚集起着十分重要的影响。煤的不同显微组分中有机硫的质量分数存在明显差异,镜质组中有机硫的质量分数高于其在惰质组的质量分数。硫在煤中的聚集是一个逐渐累积的过程,有机硫的聚集一般滞后于黄铁矿硫的聚集。泥炭沼泽条件控制着     

地震活动因子A值及其在华北地震中短期预报中的应用

综合考虑了地震活动时空强３ 个方面的震兆特征,定义了地震活动因子 Ａ值．使用１９７２ ～１９９６ 年华北地区地震资料进行空间扫描,研究中强以上地震前 Ａ 值的中短期异常变化特征．结果表明,在中短期阶段大多数地震前出现的 Ａ 值中期异常区面积明显缩小或消失,也有一些地震前１ ～３ 个月 Ａ 值异常区面积再次增大．还就用 Ａ 值进行地震中短期预报的有关问题进行了讨论     

Three dimensional tectonic stress field in North China

IntroductionThecrusttectonicstressfieldisoneofthekeyproblemsofgeodynamics,itsmaincontentsareaprobingintospatialdistributionanddynamicevaluationofcrusttectonicstressfield,thentracingtheevolutionprocessofcrusttectonicmovement,learningcontemporarycrusttectoniceventanditsmechanism,thuspredictingthefuturedevelopmentlawoftectonicmovement.Intheendof1970s,aseriesofpaperswerepublishedattheinternationalconferenceonMagnitudeofDeviatoricStressesintheEarth'SCrustandUppermostMantle.Theygavethebriefoutlin…     

华北北部6级地震前后的地电阻率变化

研究了河北张北等３次６级地震前后地电异常的变化及特征。结果表明,６级地震的地电前兆能显示出０．５ａ左右的趋势异常变化,但台项少,强度弱,分布零散,远不及７级强震前的异常显著。发现个别地震前地电正常年变化形态发生了明显变化,完全破坏了原年变规律,出现了可辨认的异常变化。认为用地电方法在目前实现中强地震的准确预报是比较困难的     

Tectonothermal history of the basement rocks in the western zone of the North China Craton and its tectonic implications

The basement of the North China Craton can be divided into the eastern, central and western zones, based on lithological, structural, metamorphic and geochronological data. The western zone comprises two different petrotectonic units: Archaean tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic (TTG) grey gneisses and metamorphic mafic rocks, and Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series. The former is characterized by isobaric cooling (IBC)-type anticlockwise P–T paths in the north-northwestern part of the zone and near-isothermal decompression (ITD)-type clockwise P–T paths in the eastern part, adjacent to the central zone. On the other hand, the tectonothermal evolution of Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks is characterized exclusively by nearly isothermal decompression following the peak of metamorphism and then cooling, defining clockwise P–T paths. The Archaean TTG gneisses and associated mafic rocks with anticlockwise metamorphic P–T paths reflects an origin related to underplating and intrusion of mantle-derived magmas which may be derived from mantle plumes. They represent a late Archaean continental block in the western part of the North China Craton. The Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks represent passive continental margin deposits. They were metamorphosed and deformed in the late Palaeoproterozoic during the amalgamation of the western continental block with another continental block in the east part of the North China Craton. The ITD-type clockwise P–T–t paths of the Palaeoproterozoic khondalite series rocks record the tectonothermal histories of the collision of the western and eastern continental blocks which resulted in the final assembly of the North China Craton at c. 1800 Ma.     

Improved Method for Calculating Anthropogenic CO2 in the Upper Layer of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre along 175°E

Seawater samples were collected in the North Pacific along 175°E during a cruise of the Northwest Pacific Carbon Cycle Study (NOPACCS) program in 1994. Many properties related to the carbonate system were analyzed. By using well-known ratios to correct for chemical changes in seawater, the CO₂ concentration at a given depth was back calculated to its initial concentration at the time when the water left the surface in winter. We estimated sea-surface CO₂ and titration alkalinity (TA) in present-day winter, from which we evaluated the degree of air-sea CO₂ disequilibrium in winter was. Using a correction factor for air-sea CO₂ disequilibrium in winter, we reconstructed sea-surface CO₂ in pre-industrial times. The difference between the back-calculated initial CO₂ and sea-surface CO₂ in pre-industrial times should correspond to anthropgenic CO₂ input. Although the mixing of different water masses may cause systematic error in the calculation, we found that the nonlinear effect induced by the mixing of different water masses was negligible in the upper layer of the North Pacific subtropical gyre along 175°E. The results of our improved method of assessing the distribution of anthropogenic CO₂ in that region show marked differences from those obtained using the previous back-calculation method.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

柴北缘地区的两类块状硫化物矿床--Ⅰ. 锡铁山式SEDEX型铅锌矿床

作者以连续的两篇文章综述了柴北缘地区的加里东造山带中产出的两类不同的块状硫化物矿床,这就是喷流沉积(SEDEX)型Pb-Zn矿床和火山岩容矿的块状硫化物(VHMS)型Cu-S矿床.认为它们在成矿后的造山过程中受到过不同程度和不同成矿作用的改造,使之兼有后生矿床的特征.锡铁山Pb-Zn矿床的主体是属于以沉积岩为容矿岩石的喷流沉积(SEDEX)型矿床.它的含矿岩系形成于早奥陶世[(486±13) Ma]弧后盆地环境中,并在加里东期碰撞造山过程中发生了强烈的北东-南西向斜向挤压缩短,导致喷流沉积成矿作用形成的原始铅-锌-黄铁矿层,后期遭受了强烈的构造改造,从而在一定程度上使矿体的空间分布受到后期构造的控制.此外,该矿床也程度不大地受到过后期热液改造.为更加显示它的地区性特色和强烈的后期改造,作者建议将其称为"锡铁山式SEDEX型铅锌矿床".在该式矿床的勘查过程中,既要注重研究同生成矿作用对矿体的控制,也要重视研究后期构造对含矿层和矿体的破坏和改造.