Tracing dissolved organic matter cycling in the eastern boundary of the temperate North Atlantic using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy

Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption spectra, and CDOM fluorescence characteristic of aromatic amino acids (excitation/emission 280 nm/320 nm; F(280/320)) and marine-humic like substances (320 nm/410 nm; F(320/410)) were measured in full depth during a cruise in the temperate Eastern North Atlantic (ENA). An optimum multi-parameter (OMP) inverse method was run to calculate water mass proportion-weighted average (archetypal) concentrations of these chemical parameters for all water masses and samples. Archetypal concentrations retain the variability due to water mass mixing and basin scale mineralization from the water mass formation sites to the study area. Conversely, the difference between measured and archetypal concentrations, retain the variability due to dissimilarities in mineralization processes within the study area. Our analysis indicates that DOC supported 26±3% of the AOU in the dark temperate ENA and that basin scale processes occurring at and from the formation area of the water masses explained 63% of the total DOC variability. Our data also suggests that DOC remineralized at the basin scale was of lower molecular weight, and with a lower proportion of fluorescent aromatic amino acids than found within the study area. The relationship between the absorption coefficient at 254 nm (a_CDOM(254)) and AOU indicates that a_CDOM(254) was consumed during organic matter remineralization in the dark ocean, with 55% of the variability being explained by basin scale processes. The relationships of F(320/410) with AOU and DOC confirmed that marine humic-like substances are produced by microbial degradation processes, at a rate of 6.1±0.9×10⁻³ mg equivalents of QS mol AOU⁻¹. Our results also indicate that basin-scale remineralization processes account for 85% of the total variability of F(320/410), emphasizing that large scale processes control the formation of humic-like substance in the dark ENA.     

北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界沉积特征及演化

北黄海盆地是我国近海勘探及研究程度均较低的中新生代叠合断陷盆地, 而东部坳陷是其内最具油气勘探前景的二级构造单元。通过岩芯观察与测井相分析, 结合三维地震资料, 认为东部坳陷中生界主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、三角洲与湖泊沉积。受构造演化阶段的制约, 不同时期具有不同的沉积演化特征。其中中侏罗世处于湖盆的初期断陷期, 半深湖-深湖亚相发育, 仅在坳陷边缘见少量小规模的扇三角洲沉积。晚侏罗世处于断陷扩展期, 整体为一个完整的湖进-湖退旋回, 早期北部缓坡发育三角洲沉积, 南部及东部陡坡见扇三角洲沉积, 中后期则由于湖平面上升, 发育暗色泥岩为主的湖泊沉积, 晚期北部缓坡见小规模三角洲前缘沉积。早白垩世处于断陷萎缩期, 垂向发育2个正旋回沉积序列, 其中旋回下部以扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲相为主, 向上渐变为滨浅湖沉积。     

西北太平洋区域纬向风垂直切变的气候特征研究

西北太平洋区域纬向风垂直切变的变化是影响西北太平洋热带气旋生成和发展的一个重要的动力因子,弱的纬向风切变有利于热带气旋的发生、发展。文中将西北太平洋区域纬向风垂直切变幅度(MWS)定义为850与200 hPa的纬向风之差的绝对值,以研究MWS的气候特征。结果表明,西北太平洋区域的MWS有两个主要空间模态,第1空间模态表现为在15°N以南的热带西太平洋存在MWS东西向变化相反的两个区域,20°N附近的热带西太平洋MWS的变化与其以北海区的MWS的变化相反。第2空间模态表现为在热带太平洋140°E东、西的变化相反。研究了两个模态相关的大气环流特征,发现去掉强ENSO信号后,第1模态不但与低纬度大气环流有关,而且还与南、北半球中高纬度的大气环流有关,第2模态主要与热带西太平洋和北太平洋局地大气环流有关。另外,第1模态的时间系数与赤道东太平洋海温、西北太平洋台风生成频次有着密切联系;第2模态时间系数与西北太平洋台风活动频次联系密切。     

Late Devensian environments in the Vale of Mowbray, North Yorkshire, UK: evidence from palynology

Two radiocarbon-dated Lateglacial pollen diagrams from the Vale of Mowbray (northern Vale of York) are presented from sites in the lowlands between the washlands courses of the rivers Swale and Ure in North Yorkshire, an area with little previous palynological research despite its proximity to the Devensian glacial advance limits in eastern England. The profiles, from Snape Mires and Nosterfield, include the Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) and the Holocene transition, while that from Snape Mires also includes the period from the early part of the Lateglacial Interstadial. This profile differs from most published Interstadial diagrams from the Yorkshire region in having a long-delayed expansion of tree and shrub taxa. Juniperus (juniper) remains important after vegetation development takes place and the pollen record includes evidence of two cold climate oscillations before the maximum development of Betula (birch) woodland near the end of the Lateglacial Interstadial. At both profiles Artemisia (mugwort) frequencies are lower during the Loch Lomond Stadial than at many regional sites, probably due to edaphic factors in these lowland locations. The two sites provide valuable environmental data that enable comparison between the more wooded Lateglacial vegetation to the south in the Vale of York and Humberside and the more open contemporaneous vegetation to the north in the Durham and Northumberland lowlands.     

北大西洋IODP U1313站深海沉积中环境敏感粒度组分研究

通过对北大西洋 IODP U1313站深海沉积序列高密度取样和粒度分析,利用粒级-标准偏差变化算法和EMD方法提取了对环境敏感粒度组分并探讨了气候变化的周期。本文粒度组分可分为细组分( 1.73μm,组分Ⅱ),其中粗组分又分为组分Ⅱ a(1.73~34.26μm)和组分Ⅱ b( >34.26μm)。综合分析认为: 组分Ⅰ为西风环流搬运堆积形成,组分Ⅱ为洋流搬运下沉积形成,组分Ⅱ b虽然含量较低,但能指示冰漂砾事件的发生。比值曲线组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ和组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ a波动幅度较大,可作为反映古气候冷暖波动的敏感指标。对组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ进行EMD分解,结果表明: 在本研究时段内,两指标对地球轨道三要素的周期体现均不明显,而2ka(2.12ka和2.15ka)的亚轨道千年周期是主要的周期之一。依据上述多个指标的波动情况,把研究剖面69.93~115.18mcd(1471.53~2415.60ka)分为9个古气候变化阶段: A阶段(1471.53~1640.09ka),对应深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)49~57,冰期和间冰期迅速转换,发生多次IRD事件; B阶段(1640.09~1865.57ka),对应MIS 58~69,间冰期显著而冰期不明显; C阶段(1865.57~1914.70ka),对应MIS 70~72,冰期显著而间冰期不明显; D阶段(1914.70~2021.13ka),对应MIS 73~76,冰期不显著;E阶段(2021.13~2092.21ka),对应MIS 77~78,冰期显著,发生多次IRD事件; F阶段(2092.21~2226.43ka),对应MIS 79~85,间冰期显著; G阶段(2226.43~2261.53ka),对应MIS 86期,发生多次IRD事件; H阶段(2261.53~2384.61ka),对应MIS 87~93,冰期不显著而间冰期显著; I阶段(2384.61~2415.60ka),对应MIS 94~95,发生多次IRD事件。     

辽东岫岩地区下古生界碎屑锆石定年:罗迪尼亚和冈瓦纳超大陆在华北遗留的痕迹？

超大陆演化是地质研究的重要内容,华北克拉通与不同地质历史时期超大陆汇聚与裂解的联系对反演华北克拉通构造演化历史具有重要意义。本文在辽吉古元古代造山带中段的原划分为辽河群地层中首次识别出一套早古生代沉积建造。这套沉积建造与华北克拉通以浅海相的碳酸盐岩为主的早古生代沉积并不一致,以发育大量的陆源碎屑沉积为特征。我们对2件细砂岩分别进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP U-Pb定年。定年结果显示,2件样品的最小年龄分别为~482Ma和~498Ma,反映了它们的最大沉积时代。2件样品的碎屑锆石年龄主要介于1600~500Ma,缺乏亲华北的物源信息,表明它们的物源主要来自于华北之外。2件样品年龄谱中最重要的峰值出现在格林威尔期和泛非期,表明华北克拉通曾与罗迪尼亚超大陆和冈瓦纳大陆存在联系。格林威尔期碎屑锆石可能来自于罗迪尼亚超大陆时期波罗地古陆物质在华北克拉通东缘的再循环;泛非期碎屑锆石可能来自于东冈瓦纳大陆的北缘造山带。

     

Isotope geochemistry and Re–Os geochronology of the Yanjiagou Mo deposit in the central North China Craton

The Yanjiagou deposit, located in the central North China Craton (NCC), is a newly found porphyry‐type Mo deposit. The Mo mineralization here is spatially associated with the Mapeng batholith. In this study, we identify four stages of ore formation in this deposit: pyrite phyllic stage (I), quartz–pyrite stage (II), quartz–pyrite–molybdenite stage (III), which is the main mineralization stage, and quartz–carbonate stage (IV). We present sulphur and lead isotope data on pyrite, and rhenium and osmium isotopes of molybdenite from the porphyry deposit and evaluate the timing and origin of ore formation. The δ³⁴S values of the pyrite range from ‐1.1‰ to −0.6‰, with an average of −0.875‰, suggesting origin from a mixture of magmatic/mantle sources and the basement rocks. The Pb isotope compositions of the pyrite show a range of 16.369 to 17.079 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.201 to 15.355 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and 36.696 to 37.380 for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, indicating that the ore‐forming materials were derived from a mixture of lower crust (or basement rocks) and mantle. Rhenium contents in molybdenite samples from the main ore stage are between 74.73 to 254.43 ppm, with an average of 147.9 ppm, indicating a mixed crustal‐mantle source for the metal. Eight molybdenite separates yield model ages ranging from 124.17 to 130.80 Ma and a mean model age of 128.46 Ma. An isochron age of 126.7 ± 1.1 Ma (MSWD = 2.1, initial ¹⁸⁷Os = 0.0032 ± 0.0012 ppb) is computed, which reveals a close link between the Mo mineralization and the magmatism that generated the Mapeng batholith. The age is close to the zircon U–Pb age of ca. 130 Ma from the batholith reported in a recent study. The age is also consistent with the timing of mineralization in the Fuping ore cluster in the central NCC, as well as the peak time of lithosphere thinning and destruction of the NCC. We evaluate the spatio‐temporal distribution of the Mo deposits in the NCC and identify three important molybdenum provinces along the northern and southern margins of the craton formed during three distinct episodes: Middle to Late Triassic (240–220 Ma), Early Jurassic (190–175 Ma), and Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (150–125 Ma). The third period is considered to mark the most important metallogenic event, coinciding with the peak of lithosphere thinning and craton destruction in the NCC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北苏鲁超高压变质带中斜长角闪岩的成因

在北苏鲁超高压变质带的威海地区的正片麻岩中,存在大量规模不一的含石榴石斜长角闪岩的透镜体或不规则团块。锆石中矿物包体的激光拉曼测试、阴极发光图像分析、稀土元素和微量元素以及Lu-Hf同位素的LA-(MC)-ICP-MS测试等综合研究结果表明,含石榴石斜长角闪岩 (WH17) 只存在一种成因类型的锆石,即变质锆石。该类锆石自核部到边部均保存了典型的超高压包体矿物组合：柯石英 (Coe)+石榴石 (Grt)+绿辉石 (Omp)+多硅白云母 (Phe)+金红石 (Rt)+磷灰石 (Ap),相应的阴极发光图像自核部到边部十分均匀,具有典型变质锆石的特点。锆石核部和边部的稀土元素含量特征和配分模式也十分相似,主要表现为轻稀土元素相对亏损,而重稀土元素相对平坦,无Eu异常 (Eu/Eu^*=0.94~1.04), 具较明显的正Ce异常 (Ce/Ce^*=83.4~111.0),低的Th/U (<0.02) 和 Lu/Hf (<0.00010) 比值以及极低的 Th (1×10^-6~4×10^-6) 含量。锆石核部到边缘的重稀土元素亏损与石榴石稳定有关,而无Eu异常则与斜长石分解关系密切。上述特征表明,含石榴石斜长角闪岩中的锆石均是在超高压变质阶段形成的变质锆石,而研究样品中继承性岩浆结晶锆石的缺乏,是由于含石榴石斜长角闪岩在原岩形成时Zr的成分明显匮乏所致。SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,含柯石英锆石自核部到边部记录了十分一致的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U 年龄,变化于 240.2±3.3Ma 到220.2±2.8Ma 之间,加权平均年龄为229.8±2.0Ma, 这组年龄与前人对苏鲁超高压变质带中榴辉岩、正片麻岩、副片麻岩和大理岩等含柯石英锆石微区记录的年龄完全吻合,应代表苏鲁地体超高压变质时代。Lu-Hf同位素研究结果表明,含石榴石斜长角闪岩中变质锆石的Hf同位素特征与苏鲁超高压变质带中榴辉岩的继承性岩浆锆石和变质锆石均存在本质差别,其中¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf=0.00001~0.00003, ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf (_t)=0.282052~0.282107, 相应的ε_Hf(t)=-21.1~-18.8, 模式年龄t_DM2=2.14~2.24Ga,这些Lu-Hf同位素特征与围岩正片麻岩含柯石英锆石微区的Hf同位素性质十分相似, 充分表明了北苏鲁含石榴石斜长角闪岩在超高压变质阶段形成的变质锆石所必须的Zr和Hf成分不是来自体系本身,而是来源于围岩正片麻岩。     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology of Early Jurassic-Late cretaceous volcanic rocks in North Yellow Sea BasinEI北大核心CSCD

The X-drilling cores of the North Yellow Sea basin reveal two sets of Mesozoic clastic rocks, which are the dark rocks in lower part and the red rocks in upper part, respectively. There are two layers of volcanic rocks at the bottom and the upper part of the dark rock unit. The volcanic rocks at the bottom part are trachytic dacite while rocks at the upper part are clastic dacite. The zircon grains from the upper and lower units of volcanic rocks are euhedral-subhedral columnar crystals and show oscillatory zoning on cathodoluminescence images. 22 tests of zircons in the trachytic dacite from the bottom part yield an age of 141-151 Ma, with weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 145±2 Ma. Whereas 18 tests of zircons from the sample at the upper part give 206Pb/238U ages around 139-149 Ma with weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 141±2 Ma, which implies that the X well volcanic rocks belong to Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Comparing with the age and geochemical characteristics of the Mesozoic igneous rocks in Shandong peninsula, we suggest that the igneous rocks from both the North Yellow Sea basin and Jiaolai basin were formed under same dynamic setting, i.e., the subduction related volcano arc and back-arc extension. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

天山北缘河流阶地形成及构造变形定量分析

新生代以来,北天山山前发育了3排冲断褶皱带。新生代晚期一系列河流普遍穿过这3排冲断褶皱带并发育了三级河流阶地。在最新构造活动的影响下,河流阶地普遍发生变形,遭受抬升。利用光释光及14C年代学方法确定了塔西河三级阶地的形成年龄,并实际测量了三级阶地的高程。结果表明吐谷鲁背斜的构造抬升速率在32．85-28．75 ka问为9．50-12．57 mm／a,12-13 ka间为9．67-14．5 mm／a,全新世则增至10．79-23．44mm／a,天山基底的平均隆升速率达到3．39-3．86mm／a。通过对天山最高一级夷平面、野外实测侏罗纪地层高程及天山发育的煤层的相对隆升速率的研究则表明天山自24 Ma以来平均的隆升速率约为0．085-0．146 mm／a。结合对北天山其他主要河流阶地的观察及研究可以看出自晚更新世一全新世以来,天山北缘的最新构造活动具有不断加快的特征。