The new politics of pastoralism: Identity,justice and global activism

Concerns with the politics and practices of resource rights and access are integral to contemporary debates over environmental justice. Struggles over identity politics, especially the strategic articulation and deployment of particular identities at diverse geographical scales, have recently emerged as important mediators of justice claims in respect of resources rights, but also of recognition and procedural justice. To date, critical, multi-scalar analyses of identity-based claims for environmental justice have focused largely on the indigenous peoples’ movement. In doing so, they have failed to embrace an emergent dimension of identity-based, trans-scalar justice, namely the fledgling global pastoralists’ movement, the empirical focus for this paper. In the early years of the 21st century mobile pastoralists have begun to carve out new global spaces, through which diverse groups have attempted to negotiate common ground and forge common identities in their struggles for justice. In particular, mobile pastoralists have become increasingly visible in conservation politics and contests over land rights as they lay claim to both discursive and material ground as ‘custodians of the commons’ in an era of global climatic change. This paper draws on empirical work amongst pastoralists, NGOs and activists from Kenya, Mongolia and Spain to explore these identities, their implications for resource rights and access and the multi-scalar chains of accountability and legitimacy between global activists and their local constituents.     

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗四五牧场金矿地质特征及成因探讨

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗四五牧场金矿与侏罗-白垩纪浅成-超浅成岩体关系密切,构造-岩浆热液在上侵过程中萃取部分基底岩系中的成矿物质,并在粗安质隐爆角砾岩中富集成矿。硫同位素分析表明部分成矿物质来源于围岩,包体测温表明成矿热液为低温热液,同位素测年结果表明成矿期在晚侏罗世-早白垩世。矿床为赋存于粗安质火山岩中、与侏罗-白垩纪火山-次火山活动有关的HS型浅成中低温热液型铜金矿。正磁异常区的低-负磁带状异常是矿化蚀变带的反映。具有一定规模、有明显浓集中心、浓度分带好、具明显分带的As-Sb-Ag-Hg-Au组合异常,伴有Cu,Pb,Zn,Bi异常,是寻找该类型铜金矿床的有利地段。     

内蒙古萤石矿资源开发利用动态分析与建议

萤石是一种稀缺性战略资源。内蒙古萤石资源丰富,保有资源储量稳定。分析了内蒙古萤石资源储量动态、开发利用动态以及市场需求和发展动态,提出了加强萤石矿地质勘查工作,优化管理、节约资源,加快企业进步、抬升综合效益,改善下游消费结构、实现资源整体升值的未来发展建议。     

内蒙古虎拉林爆破角砾岩型金矿床特征

虎拉林金矿区主要地层为中侏罗统绣峰组陆源碎屑岩，岩浆岩以燕山期花岗斑岩和石英斑岩为主。在地层与岩体接触带附近发育爆破角砾岩，金矿(化)体主要受断裂控制而产于爆破角砾岩筒(带)中。矿区内已圈出6条矿(化)体，总体走向近SN，以1、2号为主要矿体。成矿与爆破角砾岩有关，形成一体多型的矿化分布形式。δ^34S变化范围为-0．2‰-0．8‰，具有深源岩浆S特征。S和Pb同位素、流体包裹体、稀土元素等特征表明，成矿物质来自地壳深部或地幔，成矿流体以深部岩浆热液为主。^39Al/^40Ari法测得金矿成矿年龄为135．5Ma。     

蒙古国东方省海塔盆地塔南凹陷断裂特征及其油气意义

以三维地震资料解释为基础,通过编制相关构造图件揭示了海塔盆地塔南凹陷的断裂构造特征和构造演化过程,分析了构造活动对沉积作用的控制以及对烃源岩发育、圈闭形成和油气运移聚集条件的影响。塔南凹陷白垩纪经历了叠合断陷期(铜钵庙组—南屯组沉积时期）、叠合断拗期(大磨拐河组沉积时期）和反转拗陷期(伊敏组—青元岗组沉积时期）共3期演化,发育伸展和走滑—伸展两套断裂系统。受断裂活动影响,不同时期各次凹的沉降中心发生了明显的分异与迁移。断陷期沉降中心沿断陷边界断层上盘分布,断拗期沉降中心向凹陷中心迁移。断陷期结构样式及主干断裂活动强度控制着沉积相的分布,也影响油气成藏。     

渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动

渤海位于北华北新生代裂陷盆地的东部,是一个晚第四纪形成的内陆海盆. 渤海盆地活动断裂发育,地震活动强烈,交会于渤海中部的NE向营口——潍坊断裂带北段、庙西北——黄河口——临邑断裂带及NW向北京——蓬莱断裂带是主要的活动构造带,将海区分成4个次级新构造区,成为现代应力场作用的构造基础. 综合研究38个震源机制解和75个井区应力场等资料,以及构造应力场二维数值模拟计算结果表明,渤海及其邻区现代构造应力场的压应力方向为NE60～90,张应力为SN——NW30;以水平和近水平应力作用为主;不同构造区主应力方向存在一定的差异. 现今渤海地区地壳发育以NNE——NE和NW——WNW走向的共轭剪切破裂为特征,是控制地震活动的主要构造.     

巴彦浩特盆地东部上石炭统羊虎沟组孢粉组合

钻井资料证实，内蒙巴彦浩特盆地东部保存有较完整的石炭系，其中上石炭统羊虎沟组厚达４５９．６ｍ。经７２块岩样分析鉴定，共发现６２属１１９种孢粉，含６个新种。可概括为上下两个孢粉组合，上组合称Ｄｅｎｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｂｅｌｕｌｕｓ－Ｃｒａｓｓｉｓｐｏｒａｌａｔｉｇｒａｎｉｆｅｒ－Ｌｙｃｏｓｐｏｒａｇｒａｎｕｌａｔａ（简称ＢＬＧ）组合，下组合称Ｃｒａｓｉｓｐｏｒａｌａｔｉｇｒａｎｉｆｅｒ－Ｃａｍｐｔｏｒｉｌｅｔｅｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｏｆｏｒｍｉｓ－Ｖｅｓｔｉｓｐｏｒａｃｏｓｔａｔａ（简称ＬＲＣ）组合。地质时限为晚石炭世中期羊虎沟组（维斯法期Ａ—Ｃ）。     

Luminescence dating of a gigantic palaeolandslide in the Gobi-Altay mountains, Mongolia

In an attempt to date a palaeolandslide that took place along the Baga Bogd Massif, in Mongolia, the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) method has been applied to lacustrine silty sediments directly overlying the landslide mass. The IRSL age estimates obtained on alkali feldspar grains (>40 μm) and polymineral fine grains (4–11 μm) provide a minimum age for the landslide event. The IRSL ages on alkali feldspars corrected for long-term fading using the protocol of Mejdahl (1988, 1989) suggest that the palaeolandslide occurred at the beginning of the Last Interglacial. These are in good agreement with the ¹⁰Be cosmogenic dates obtained on faulted and abandoned alluvial fans in the Gobi-Altay mountains. This study demonstrates for the first time that the IRSL dating method can successfully be applied for establishing landslide chronologies.     

A Zonal Pathway for NADW in the South Atlantic

Several large deployments of neutrally buoyant floats took place within the Antarctic Intermediate (AAIW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), and the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) of the South Atlantic in the 1990s and a number of hydrographic sections were occupied as well. Here we use the spatially and temporally averaged velocities measured by these floats, combined with the hydrographic section data and various estimates of regional current transports from moored current meter arrays, to determine the circulation of the three major subthermocline water masses in a zonal strip across the South Atlantic between the latitudes of 19°S and 30°S. We concentrate on this region because the historical literature suggests that it is where the Deep Western Boundary Current containing NADW bifurcates. In support of this notion, we find that a net of about 5 Sv. of the 15–20 Sv that crosses 19°S does continue zonally eastward at least as far as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Once across the ridge it takes a circuit to the north along the ridge flanks before returning to the south in the eastern half of the Angola Basin. The data suggest that the NADW then continues on into the Indian Ocean. This scheme is discussed in the context of distributions of dissolved oxygen, silicate and salinity. In spite of the many float-years of data that were collected in the region a surprising result is that their impact on the computed solutions is quite modest. Although the focus is on the NADW we also discuss the circulation for the AAIW and AABW layers.     

北大西洋IODP U1313站深海沉积中环境敏感粒度组分研究

通过对北大西洋 IODP U1313站深海沉积序列高密度取样和粒度分析,利用粒级-标准偏差变化算法和EMD方法提取了对环境敏感粒度组分并探讨了气候变化的周期。本文粒度组分可分为细组分( 1.73μm,组分Ⅱ),其中粗组分又分为组分Ⅱ a(1.73~34.26μm)和组分Ⅱ b( >34.26μm)。综合分析认为: 组分Ⅰ为西风环流搬运堆积形成,组分Ⅱ为洋流搬运下沉积形成,组分Ⅱ b虽然含量较低,但能指示冰漂砾事件的发生。比值曲线组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ和组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ a波动幅度较大,可作为反映古气候冷暖波动的敏感指标。对组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ进行EMD分解,结果表明: 在本研究时段内,两指标对地球轨道三要素的周期体现均不明显,而2ka(2.12ka和2.15ka)的亚轨道千年周期是主要的周期之一。依据上述多个指标的波动情况,把研究剖面69.93~115.18mcd(1471.53~2415.60ka)分为9个古气候变化阶段: A阶段(1471.53~1640.09ka),对应深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)49~57,冰期和间冰期迅速转换,发生多次IRD事件; B阶段(1640.09~1865.57ka),对应MIS 58~69,间冰期显著而冰期不明显; C阶段(1865.57~1914.70ka),对应MIS 70~72,冰期显著而间冰期不明显; D阶段(1914.70~2021.13ka),对应MIS 73~76,冰期不显著;E阶段(2021.13~2092.21ka),对应MIS 77~78,冰期显著,发生多次IRD事件; F阶段(2092.21~2226.43ka),对应MIS 79~85,间冰期显著; G阶段(2226.43~2261.53ka),对应MIS 86期,发生多次IRD事件; H阶段(2261.53~2384.61ka),对应MIS 87~93,冰期不显著而间冰期显著; I阶段(2384.61~2415.60ka),对应MIS 94~95,发生多次IRD事件。