甲状腺乳头状癌组织坏死后矿化特征研究

组织坏死后矿（钙）化是甲状腺癌病灶中普遍存在的钙化形式之一,与病变关系密切。利用光学显微镜、环境扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜及显微红外光谱研究了6例甲状腺乳头状癌中的组织坏死后矿化特征。结果表明,组织坏死后矿化往往发生在胶原纤维丰富的位置,与胶原关系密切。矿化表现出2种形态,矿（钙）化灶内为较为致密的隐晶集合体,其表面及其附近的胶原上沉淀有许多微米级矿化小球,离矿化灶较远的胶原纤维上也散布有矿化小球。一些矿化小球边缘还发育絮状矿化物质,使之形成绒球状外貌。矿化物质结晶程度均较差,由纳米多晶组成。钙化灶中央较致密部分的n（Ca）/n（P）比较高,接近羟基磷灰石的理论比值,而其边缘以及矿化小球的n（Ca）/n（P）比均较低,可能含有磷酸八钙等低n（Ca）/n（P）磷酸钙系列矿物。矿化初期形成纳米多晶组成的微米级矿化小球,矿化小球逐渐聚集形成大面积的矿化灶。     

动物体内青石棉纤维变化特征的显微研究

石棉纤维粉尘注入动物体内后，一部分形成石棉小体或石棉斑，一部分仍为裸露纤维。石棉小体内的纤维表面基团和组织内的某些蛋白反应可形成新的表面介体。粉尘在动物体内引起的动物病变主要是纤维化组织包裹和间皮瘤，机体以吞噬、包裹、缠绕，或以生化溶解方式排解粉尘。纤维自身则出现变短、尖部圆化、折断、分叉现象，也可以出现溶解、迁移、表面化学反应等。肺泡内纤维的碳酸盐化现象是体内纤维溶解和反应的新方式。动物体内间皮瘤可生长在注入部位也可在非注入部位，某种毒性衍生物质的生成和迁移是引起病变的主要原因。体内纤维粉尘的溶解是一个非常缓慢的过程，细小粉尘易于溶解和迁移。体内粉尘的膜阻滞现象在腹膜、胸膜上较为常见，在膜部位不易生成间皮瘤，肿瘤多引发在膜的内侧。但膜可以弱纤维化包裹。     

珊瑚骨骼生长研究评述

珊瑚骨骼生长有年、月、日周期,能够当作古生物钟来记录地质历史。块状珊瑚骨骼密度条带年周期的发现对后来的珊瑚古气候研究产生了深远的影响,随后又发现世界各热带海域的珊瑚存在多种多样的骨骼密度变化模式,起先常从珊瑚的生长环境中寻找骨骼密度变化的控制因素,但是没有成功,从80年代后期,部分学者试图从珊瑚骨骼构架本身出发、综合考虑环境因素和骨骼密度条带之间的关系来探求骨骼密度变化的机理,并提出了一个可以解释大多数块状珊瑚骨骼密度条带变化模式的骨骼生长模型。块状珊瑚软体层厚度是一个十分重要但至今仍没引起足够重视的珊瑚生长参数,它相对于骨骼线性生长率的变化影响着骨骼密度变化模式。骨骼钙化作用和虫黄藻光合作用的相互关系还存有争议,珊瑚骨骼钙化机理仍在探索中。     

A review on the ambit and prospects of C3 and C4 plants in Nigeria

Despite the enormous applications of photosynthesis in global carbon budget and food security, photosynthesis research has not been adequately explored as a research focus in Nigeria. Previous works on C₃ and C₄ plants in Nigeria were mainly on the use of anatomical characteristics to delimit plant species into their respective pathways, with no attention being paid to its applications. In this review, past and present knowledge gaps in this area of study are elucidated. Information used in this review were sourced from referred research articles and books in reputable journals. The results revealed that C₃ and C₄ plants are distributed among 21 genera and 11 families in Nigeria. In addition there is dearth of informatio such that only three genera have been classified based on diverse photosynthetic pathways with no information found on the physiological and biochemical characterization of these genera. Moreover, further research is also suggested for tackling new challenges in the area of food productivity and climate change.     

皱纹盘鲍肠上皮组织立克次体超微结构与细胞病理学研究

利用电镜技术对患病濒死皱纹盘鲍 (H aliotis Discus hanna Ino)进行病原体检测和病理观察 ,在肠上皮组织中发现大量立克次体。研究表明 ,皱纹盘鲍肠上皮细胞中的立克次体分为增殖型立克次体和静止型立克次体 2种类型。立克次体以皱纹盘鲍肠上皮细胞为感染的靶细胞 ,造成细胞微绒毛全部或部分破坏 ,细胞功能丧失 ,是造成养殖皱纹盘鲍病害发生和死亡的主要病原体。     

管角螺不同组织同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板梯度凝胶电泳技术，对管角螺7种组织（外套膜、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、生殖腺和缠卵腺）的5种同工酶（EST、SOD、ME、MDH、LDH）进行了分析，结果表明：5种同工酶存在不同程度的组织特异性，SOD、EST、LDH在肝脏组织中有较高活性，而MDH、ME在心脏组织中活性较高。     

长牡蛎两个Dmrt家族基因的时空表达

本文以长牡蛎27个幼虫发育阶段个体以及成体的5个组织织作为实验材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对Dmrt家族中的2个基因（CgDsx和CgDmrtA2）的主要对长牡蛎Dmrt家族中的2个基因（CgDsx和CgDmrtA2）在幼虫时期和成体组织中的表达模式以及在性别决定中可能发挥的作用进行了研究。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对幼虫27个发育阶段以及成体5个组织的表达进行了测定。结果表明,长牡蛎CgDsx基因在胚胎发育初期有大量表达,其中囊胚期到担轮幼虫初期表达量最高从囊胚期到担轮幼虫初期表达量最高,其后之后表达量开始降低,在D形幼虫后期之后一直维持在极低的表达水平,此后仅在成体的雄性性腺中具有高度表达。该结果表明由此可见,CgDsx 可能也对早期胚胎发育起一定调控作用,除了同时参与了性别决定外,可能也对早期胚胎发育起一定调控作用。CgDmrtA2在长牡蛎所有组织中均有表达,各组织间表达差异不显著,在长牡蛎D形幼虫至壳顶后期表达量较高,表明其参与了胚胎中后期的发育过程说明它参与了胚胎中后期的发育过程,可能与神经的形成相关,但是其具体功能还需要进一步研究。     

长心卡帕藻愈伤组织的诱导与其形态建成的初步研究

以PES液体培养基、固体培养基,采用正交设计,开展了长心卡帕藻(Kappaphycus alvarezii)棕色藻株组织培养和愈伤组织诱导实验,探索了蔗糖、光强、植物生长调节剂对新芽形成和愈伤组织形成的影响,结果表明,固体培养基、IBA、6-BA处理可诱导该藻产生愈伤组织,同时固体培养基更利于诱导形成愈伤组织;显微跟踪观察显示,该藻愈伤组织与高等植物的疏松愈伤组织不同,由细丝状细胞组成,系藻枝段中心髓部细胞脱分化形成的致密型愈伤组织;另外,愈伤枝段比新芽枝段有更高的光合和呼吸速率。     

Organochlorines and other environmental contaminants in muscle tissues of sportfish collected from San Francisco Bay

Edible fish species were collected from 13 locations throughout San Francisco Bay, during the spring of 1994, for determination of contaminant levels in muscle tissue. Species collected included white croaker, surfperch, leopard and brown smoothhound sharks, striped bass, white sturgeon and halibut. 66 composite tissue samples were analysed for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (P0CBs), pesticides, trace elements and dioxin/furans. The US EPA approach to assessing chemical contaminant data for fish tissue consumption was used for identifying the primary chemicals of concern. Six chemicals or chemical groups were found to exceed screening values (SVs) established using the US EPA approach. PCBs (as total Aroclors) exceeded the screening level of 3 ng g⁻¹ in all 66 muscle tissue samples, with the greatest concentrations (638 ng g⁻¹) found near San Francisco's industrial areas. Mercury was elevated (> 0.14 μg g⁻¹) in 40 of 66 samples with the greatest concentrations (1.26 μg g⁻¹) occurring in shark muscle tissues. Concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides dieldrin, total chlordane and total dichlorodiphenyltri-chloroethane (DDT) exceeded screening levels in a number of samples. Dioxin/furans (as toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ's)) were elevated (> 0.15 pg g⁻¹) in 16 of the 19 samples analysed. Fish with high lipid content (croaker and surfperch) in their muscle tissue generally exhibited higher organic contaminant levels while fish with low lipid levels (halibut and shark) exhibited lower organic contaminant levels. Tissue samples taken from North Bay stations most often exhibited high levels of chemical contamination. The California Office of Health Hazard Assessment is currently evaluating the results of this study and has issued an interim Health Advisory concerning the human consumption of fish tissue from San Francisco Bay.