工业部门污染物治理协同控制温室气体效应评价——基于重庆市的实证分析

以高能耗为主要特征的工业部门是大气污染物和温室气体的重要排放源.为推动协同管控,文中结合生态环境部在重庆市组织开展的试点工作,对工业企业NOx污染治理协同控制温室气体的效应进行了量化分析.结果表明,以末端治理为手段的NOx治理措施协同控制温室气体的效果为负,即工业企业去除1 t NOx会直接或间接增加CO2排放1.81...     

East-Central Europe's changing energy landscapes: a place for geography

Energy developments in the post-Communist states of Eastern and Central Europe (ECE) have a major impact on global energy security and sustainability, thanks to this region's key geographical position between the energy-exporting states of the former Soviet Union, on the one hand, and the energy-importing states of Western and Southern Europe, on the other. At the same time, post-socialist reforms of energy industries in this region provide unique insights into the complex relations of power, economic transformation and spatial inequality that govern energy production and consumption. This paper therefore aims to provide an initial look at some of the theoretical and policy issues that underpin the emergent 'geographies' of energy reform in ECE, as well as their embeddedness in relations of power stemming from organisational, infrastructural and economic inequalities in the region. It employs an analysis of local news reports, policy papers and statistical data to examine the intricate institutional networks and spatial formations that have governed the energy transformation process. In broader terms, the paper aims to emphasise the important role that human geography can play in making sense of the territorial differences and frictions that have emerged during the post-socialist reform process, while challenging the idea of a 'neat' neoliberal transition from a centrally planned to a market-based mode of energy regulation .     

Analysis of buried pipelines subjected to reverse fault motion

Presently available simplified analytical methods and semi-empirical methods for the analysis of buried pipelines subjected to fault motion are suitable only for the strike-slip and the normal-slip type fault motions, and cannot be used for the reverse fault crossing case. A simple finite element model, which uses beam elements for the pipeline and discrete nonlinear springs for the soil, has been proposed to analyse buried pipeline subjected to reverse fault motion. The material nonlinearities associated with pipe-material and soil, and geometric nonlinearity associated with large deformations were incorporated in the analysis. Complex reverse fault motion was simulated using suitable constraints between pipe-nodes and ground ends of the soil spring. Results of the parametric study suggest that the pipeline's capacity to accommodate reverse fault offset can be increased significantly by choosing a near-parallel orientation in plan with respect to the fault line. Further improvement in the response of the pipeline is possible by adopting loose backfill, smooth and hard surface coating, and shallow burial depth in the fault crossing region. For normal or near normal orientations, pipeline is expected to fail due to beam buckling at very small fault offsets.     

准噶尔盆地南缘硫磺沟煤层气富集主控地质因素及有利区优选

为评价煤层气资源勘探开发潜力和指导矿井安全生产,对准噶尔盆地南缘硫磺沟煤矿主煤层(4-5、7、9-15号煤)的储层物性特征(显微组分、裂隙及含气性等)进行了测试分析,结合现场钻井资料、瓦斯解吸及瓦斯涌出量等资料,从构造、沉积、煤层埋深、水动力条件等方面分析了该区煤层气的控气地质因素。结果表明：煤储层物性较好,孔裂隙较为发育,微裂隙高达3 935条/9 cm²;煤层含气性(瓦斯含量)较好,4-5号煤层为4.88~10.81 m³/t,平均6.56 m³/t。控气地质因素分析表明,准南硫磺沟煤层气的控气模式以构造-水动力耦合控气为主。同时,利用多层次模糊数学综合评价模型,预测的硫磺沟煤矿(4-5号煤)煤层气赋存有利区为钻孔29-3和28-3周边区域。     

A massive circumstellar envelope around the type-IIn supernova SN 1995G

We model the interaction of the supernova SN 1995G with a dense circumstellar (CS) gas in a thin-shell approximation. A model fit to the observed bolometric light curve combined with data on the supernova expansion velocity gives estimates for the density, mass (≈1 M_⊙), and age (≈8 yr) of the CS envelope. The determined CS-envelope density is shown to be virtually independent of the assumed mass of the supernova envelope because of the high CS-gas density at which the forward shock wave is essentially radiative. The derived CS-envelope density is consistent with the Hα luminosity and with the presence of distinct Thomson scattering in the red wing of this line. The mass of the CS envelope together with its expansion velocity and age indicate that the CS envelope was ejected by the presupernova eight years before the supernova explosion through violent energy release (～6×10⁴⁸ erg).     

新元古代晚期盖帽碳酸盐岩的成因与“雪球地球”的终结机制

新元古代晚期约635 Ma的地球发育了到达赤道附近的冰川作用，地质记录上表现为代表寒冷气候的冰期沉积杂砾岩，直接被代表温暖环境的碳酸盐岩层（常称盖帽碳酸盐岩）覆盖。由于盖帽碳酸盐岩奇特的岩石学和地球化学特征，引起了对其成因认识的巨大争论，提出了“雪球地球”和“甲烷渗漏”等假说。“雪球地球”假设可以解释一些令人困惑的地学现象，如低纬度和低海拔冰川沉积、盖帽碳酸盐岩、碳酸盐δ13C负漂移和条带状铁矿层等，但许多科学家对此提出了质疑。最近对盖帽碳酸盐岩的δ13C分析结果（最低达-41‰）、盖帽碳酸盐岩发育的类似现代冷泉碳酸盐岩沉积组构等似乎支持“甲烷渗漏”假说。     

柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源调查评价进展

柴达木盆地是我国大型含油气盆地之一,已经发现的油气主要来自中新生界地层。作者通过近年来对柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源的调查研究,证实柴达木盆地内石炭系地层分布广泛,厚度大。石炭系分布范围达10万km2。厚度大于1000m的范围达5.71万km2。盆地石炭系发育良好的烃源岩,石炭系地层普遍发育厚层油砂,显示石炭系具有很好生烃能力和油气运移过程。石炭系构造变形主要发生在新近纪末,之前的构造变形较弱,有利于石炭系油气保存。初步评价柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源量为6.14×108～7.23×108t。显示柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源潜力很大,是油气资源战略突破的新领域。     

地层水条件下碳酸盐矿物热力学平衡条件及其在克拉2气田的应用

基于热力学平衡理论及库车盆地的实际,建立了该区地层水温度、压力条件下方解石溶解、白云石对方解石交代作用的热力学平衡条件,并根据地层水介质特征探讨了该区方解石溶解、白云石交代方解石的具体成岩反应状况,认为该区地层水条件下正进行着方解石溶蚀及白云石对方解石的交代作用,方解石的溶蚀是形成该区深层次生孔隙的根本因素。      

非活动大陆边缘的天然气水合物及其成藏过程述评

非活动陆缘是板块活动相对较弱的地区，也是水合物发育的有利地区。通过对世界各地非活动陆缘地区水合物富集情况的系统分析，发现断褶组合构造、底辟构造以及“麻坑”地貌（Pockmark)与水合物的关系密切。尽管模拟海底反射层（Bottom Simulating Reflector,简称BSR，下同）是最重要的水合物识别标志，但水合物与BSR之间并不存在严格的一一对应关系。非活动陆缘具有丰富的烃类物质来源和适宜的温压条件，而断裂－褶皱组合构造、垒堑式构造和底辟构造等则为烃类气体的运移、富集和成藏提供了有利的构造环境，便于最终形成水合物。非活动陆缘的深水区往往发育有多期叠合盆地，因其物源、温压、构造和沉积条件的内在关联性，常常形成深部石油、中部天然气、浅部水合物的“三位一体”烃类能源结构模式。     

木里地区天然气水合物地震属性分析

陆域冻土区天然气水合物地震勘探是应用地震方法进行能源勘探的新领域.为研究陆域天然气水合物的地震属性,开展了高精度反射地震、合成地震记录分析等方法技术研究,并对地震记录进行了有关地震属性分析.试验研究结果表明:含天然气水合物地层形成的地震反射波组具有主频较高、振幅较弱的特征,合成地震记录及实测地震剖面对应较好;在制作的流体模型中,储层顶界面反射波振幅随入射角的变化曲线斜率为正,底界面曲线斜率为负,固结骨架模型的曲线特征则刚好相反.在瞬时振幅、瞬时频率剖面上,含水合物地层反射波的振幅和频率属性与地震剖面一致,在瞬时相位剖面上,含水合物地层反射波的相位没有明显变化,表明瞬时相位属性对水合物反映不敏感;高值区的能量半衰时对应的反射波频率相对较高,表明反射波通过破碎程度较高的含水合物地层时,能量衰减相对较强.该研究结果将为我国陆域开展天然气水合物地震勘探提供技术支持.