The sources and transport of iron in the North Paci?c and its impact on marine ecosystems

微量元素铁是浮游植物生长所必需的营养元素,对于促进海洋初级生产力和增加海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力等具有重要作用。相对于世界上其他海域,铁限制使得北太平洋成为典型的高营养盐、低叶绿素(HNLC)区域。陆源铁主要通过河流输入和大气沉降进入海洋;海洋中垂直混合等物理过程也是输送生物可利用铁进入上层海洋的重要过程。目前,随着人类污染的加剧,人类活动排放的铁对海洋生态系统的影响也变得更加显著。为了研究铁循环过程及其对北太平洋海洋生态系统的影响,以国家自然科学基金资助的"北太平洋铁的来源与传输及其对上层海洋生态系统的影响"为依托,该项目将主要关注三个重要科学问题:(1)北太平洋上层生物可利用铁的主要来源是什么?(2)海洋中铁络合配体的循环会对北太平洋上层海洋生态系统产生怎样的影响?(3)未来全球变化对铁循环及上层海洋生态系统的可能影响是什么?项目将对铁在当前和未来海洋酸化和物理环境变化背景下的分布特征及其对海洋生态系统产生的影响进行研究。项目研究结果有望加深我们对北太平洋海洋生态系统的认识和理解,实现对未来北太平洋生态系统变化趋势的预测。     

Comparison of the Global Energy Cycle between Chinese Reanalysis Interim and ECMWF Reanalysis

The global energy cycle is a diagnostic metric widely used to gauge the quality of datasets. In this paper, the "Mixed Space-Time Domain" method for diagnosis of energy cycle is evaluated by using newly developed datasets-the Chinese Reanalysis Interim (CRAI) and ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5), over a 7-yr period (2010-16) on seasonal and monthly timescales. The results show that the energy components calculated from the two reanalysis datasets are highly consistent;however, some components in the global energy integral from CRAI are slightly larger than those from ERA5. The main discrepancy in the energy components stems from the conversion of baroclinic process, whereas the dominant difference originates from the conversion from stationary eddy available potential energy to stationary eddy kinetic energy (CES), which is caused by systematic differences in the temperature and vertical velocity in low-mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and near the Antarctic, where there exist complex terrains. Furthermore, the monthly analysis reveals that the general discrepancy in the temporal variation between the two datasets also lie mainly in the CES as well as corresponding generation and dissipation rates.     

Research Progress of Relative Humidity and Its Changing Annual Cycle

Studies on the characteristics of relative humidity annual cycle change include the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the time series and their changes. The effective diagnosis of the relative humidity annual cycle can provide important help in the monitoring and regulation of seasonal haze, the spatial distribution of epidemic outbreaks and their prevention and control, and the real-time forecasting and decision-making of monsoon precipitation. Different from studies on the trend of the relative humidity, the diagnosis in the annual cycle is scarce. This paper summarized the research status of relative humidity and its annual cycle, introduced several current methods for extracting common signals, and evaluated the feasibility of these methods for extracting annual cycle signals. Due to the time-varying characteristics of the annual cycle of relative humidity and complex structures such as asymmetric triangular waves, square-like waves, and state transients, harmonic-based extraction methods are difficult to succeed. The nonlinear signal extraction method with high noise immunity will solve this problem. At present, the relative humidity annual cycle studies urgently need to be improved and improve the quality of relative humidity observation data, accurately extract and quantify the time-varying characteristics and complex structure of the annual cycle. Moreover, combining the dynamic process and statistical analysis, we also need to study the physical mechanism of the change of relative humidity annual cycle (frequency, phase, amplitude, etc.) in China.     

Variability and Climate Effect of the Salinity in the Pacific Warm Pool-cold Tongue Confluence Region

This study focused on the warm pool-cold tongue confluence region (WCCR) in the central tropical Pacific Ocean where the warm and fresh water from the warm pool encounters with cold and saline water from the cold tongue. The WCCR is characterized by strong surface salinity front, shallow mixed layer and thick barrier layer. The WCCR is the key area for the development of different types of El Ni?o, and also the area with significant systematic bias in climate models. In order to reveal what role the structure and variability of salinity will play in the ocean dynamic and thermal conditions, and the cycle of the ENSO, a key project was approved by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in July, 2017. The key scientific issues that will be addressed in the project are as follows: ①to depict the three-dimensional structure and variability of salinity in the WCCR; ②to reveal the mechanism for the variability of salinity front and barrier layer; and ③to illustrate the main processes that control the impact of salinity on the upper-ocean variation in the tropical Pacific and the cycle of the ENSO. The present study will improve our understanding of the tropical ocean dynamics and ENSO dynamics, and will enhance the prediction skill of the ENSO.     

蚀变洋壳玄武岩俯冲过程中含碳矿物相变质演化及脱碳作用的研究

俯冲作用是连接地表系统和地球深部系统的最为关键的地质过程,其对研究地球深部碳循环具有重要的意义。俯冲洋壳岩石圈中的碳主要存储在沉积物、蚀变洋壳玄武岩以及蛇纹岩中。俯冲变质作用过程含碳岩石的变质演化控制着其中含碳矿物相的转变及碳迁移过程。本文选取了蚀变洋壳玄武岩进行相平衡模拟,来研究其含碳矿物相的变质演化过程。计算结果表明,变质玄武岩体系中的碳酸盐矿物之间的转变反应除了受压力控制之外,还受到温度和体系中铁含量的影响。随着压力的升高蚀变玄武岩中碳酸盐矿物会发生方解石/文石-白云石-菱镁矿的转变,但在高压/超高压条件下,温度的升高可以使菱镁矿转变成白云石。碳酸盐矿物中的铁含量受到体系中铁含量的影响,白云石和菱镁矿中的铁含量随着体系中铁含量的增加而增加。在水不饱和条件下,洋壳不管是沿着低温还是高温地热梯度线俯冲到岛弧深度,蚀变玄武岩体系几乎都不发生脱碳作用。然而在水饱和条件下,当洋壳沿着高温以及哥斯达黎加地热梯度线俯冲到岛弧深度时,蚀变玄武岩体系中的碳几乎可以全部脱出去。蚀变玄武岩体系中水含量的增加可以促进体系的脱碳作用。     

我国四大矿区温石棉粉尘诱导A549细胞凋亡和周期阻滞的对比研究

通过FT-IR和XRD对四川新康、陕西陕南、甘肃阿克塞和青海茫崖四大矿区温石棉的物相成分、谱学特征进行测试分析,利用MTT法、流式细胞术检测了4种温石棉纤维粉尘染毒A549细胞后的细胞存活率、凋亡率和细胞周期分布,比较和探讨了四大矿区温石棉纤维粉尘抑制细胞增殖能力的大小及其对细胞凋亡和周期阻滞的影响。研究结果显示,四大矿区温石棉的主要物相是斜纤蛇纹石,新康温石棉成分比其他3种温石棉的复杂,阿克塞和茫崖温石棉的成分相似;四大矿区的温石棉化学基团基本相同,阿克塞和茫崖温石棉纤维的表面结构较陕南和新康温石棉的完善。4种温石棉均能不同程度地抑制A549细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡和周期阻滞:茫崖组凋亡率最大(22. 56±2. 56)%,陕南组凋亡率最小(19. 57±3. 07)%;细胞周期阻滞均以G2/M期阻滞为主,新康、陕南、阿克塞和茫崖组处于G2/M期细胞比例分别增加8. 90%、8. 58%、9. 13%和10. 44%。4种温石棉导致细胞凋亡和周期阻滞的能力:茫崖新康阿克塞陕南。     

辽河(岩)群变形期次再讨论

辽河（岩）群在辽宁省为十分重要的地层,不仅蕴藏着丰富的矿产,还存在诸多有争议的问题,变形期次就是其中重要问题之一.辽河（岩）群中最主要的构造形迹就是东西向展布的区域上透入性面理,它是纵向置换作用形成的,在微观上残留了较多置换过程的痕迹.从辽河（岩）群的的原岩建造来看,它至少经历了类似"大西洋阶段"和"太平洋阶段",不会是夭亡的裂谷.通过全方位构造解析认为,洋盆闭合挤压造山过程是一个漫长的递进变形过程,在这一漫长的递进变形过程中形成的所有构造形迹皆属同一期构造,即辽河（岩）群可归纳为一期构造.     

GIS技术在土地整治项目管理与监管中的应用

分析土地整治项目基础数据和全生命周期,系统地整理基础数据,并实现辅助规划和全生命周期的跟踪监管。利用GIS相关技术和信息化手段,对土地整治基础数据进行梳理和建库,实现了对土地整治项目设计、实施和竣工验收的全程跟踪监管,并通过实际的案例进行了可行性论证。因此,研究基础数据的梳理与整合,以及项目全生命周期的跟踪监管,对土地整治项目信息化管理、辅助规划和全程监管具有现实意义。     

数字城市地理空间框架数据更新机制探讨

随着数字城市地理空间框架建设的全面推进,我国已在建与建成运行的数字城市约600个,为确保数据的现势性,建立数字城市的数据更新机制至关重要。本文根据数字城市数据体系,从"建立更新模式""数据源获取机制""更新内容及周期""更新技术研究"四个方面,探讨了数字城市数据更新机制,并提出了参考建议,可以为数字城市地理空间框架建设的后续维护与管理提供参考。     

一种顾及电离层约束的非差周跳的实时探测与修复方法

提出了一种顾及电离层约束的非差周跳实时探测与修复方法。通过构造3个线性无关的组合观测量,按逐级模糊度确定的思路,分别对超宽巷、宽巷和窄巷进行探测与修复;然后联合三步的探测结果,将周跳恢复到原始载波值上。在宽巷组合上进行了改进,将宽巷波长放大了5.34倍(GPS为3.4倍),由于窄巷波长较短需考虑电离层的影响,对不敏感周跳组合引入电离层残差法辅助窄巷的探测与修复。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地进行周跳的实时探测和修复。