南秦岭晚三叠世胭脂坝岩体的磁组构特征及意义

胭脂坝岩体是秦岭造山带内具典型代表性意义的晚三叠世花岗岩,已有的年代学和地球化学研究对岩体的侵位机制有着不同的认识。采用磁组构方法研究了该岩体的内部组构特征,并结合区域构造探讨了岩体的侵位机制。结果显示,胭脂坝岩体51个采点、348个样品的平均体积磁化率（K_m）值普遍小于100 μSI,总体较低。磁滞回线和热磁曲线特征表明,岩体磁组构主要由顺磁性矿物控制。大部分样品的校正磁化率各向异性度（P_J）值小于1.10,平均为1.06,表现出低各向异性度的总体特征。样品磁化率椭球形态参数（T）值多大于0,磁化率椭球体以压扁椭球为主。综合分析认为,岩体的磁组构是典型的岩浆组构,记录了岩浆侵位的流动构造。岩体磁组构以东西向中低角度倾伏的磁线理和南北向倾伏的磁面理为总体特征,磁线、面理轨迹揭示出岩浆自西向东的侵位流动。这样的岩浆侵位过程应与中、浅部地壳的走滑挤压构造相关,岩体侵位时造山带处于同碰撞构造环境。     

华北地块北缘内蒙古固阳地区早二叠世岩体的侵位深度及其构造意义

运用角闪石一斜长石温度计和角闪石全铝压力计估算的华北地块北缘内蒙古隆起西段固阳地区早二叠世花岗质岩体的结晶温度和侵位深度分别为679.1~728.7℃和15.6~19.8 km,表明白早二叠世以来,固阳地区至少有15.6km的地壳岩石被剥露。这一构造抬升及剥露是造成该区中—新元古代地层不连续分布及古生代—早中生代地层普遍缺失的最主要原因。岩体侵位深度与区域前二叠纪最大沉积地层厚度(13.0 km)对比结果表明,早二叠世之前,华北地块北缘已经发生了明显的褶皱或逆冲构造变形,从而导致了地壳岩石的叠覆与加厚。这一早二叠世之前的构造变形及地壳加厚可能与晚古生代期间古亚洲洋板块向华北地块下俯冲有关。     

Mineral chemistry of a Cenozoic igneous complex,the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt,Iran: Petrological implications for the plutonic rocks

The Niyasar plutonic complex, one of the Cenozoic magmatic assemblages in the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic belt, was the subject of detailed petrographic and mineralogical investigations. The Niyasar magmatic complex is composed of Eocene to Oligocene mafic rocks and Miocene granitoids. Eleven samples, representing the major rock units in the Niyasar magmatic complex and contact aureole were chosen for mineral chemical studies and for estimation of the pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity conditions of mineral crystallization during emplacement of various magmatic bodies. The analyzed samples are composed of varying proportions of quartz, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, hornblende, biotite, titanite, magnetite, apatite, zircon, garnet, and clinopyroxene. Application of the Al‐in‐hornblende barometer indicates pressures of around 0.2 to 0.4 kbar for the Eocene–Oligocene mafic bodies and around 0.5 to 1.7 kbar for the Miocene granitoids. Hornblende‐plagioclase thermometry yields relatively low temperatures (661–780 °C), which probably reflect late stage re‐equilibration of these minerals. The assemblage titanite–magnetite–quartz as well as hornblende composition were used to constrain the oxygen fugacity and H₂O content during the crystallization of the parent magmas in the Miocene plutons. The results show that the Miocene granitoids crystallized from magmas with relatively high oxygen fugacity and high H₂O content (~5 wt% H₂O). The Miocene granitoids show similar range of oxygen fugacity, H₂O contents and mineral chemical compositions, which indicate a common source for their magmas. Although the crystallization pressures of the Miocene plutons discriminate various categories of plutonic bodies emplaced at depths of about 5.7–6.5 km (Marfioun pluton), about 4.2 km (Ghalhar pluton) and 1.9–2.3 km (Poudalg pluton), they were later uplifted to the same level by vertical displacement of faults. The emplacement depths of the Niyasar plutons suggest that the central part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic belt has experienced an uplift rate of ca. 0.25–0.4 mm/yr from the Miocene onwards.     

Crustal Evolution of Island-Arc Ultramafic Magma: Galmoenan Pyroxenite-Dunite Plutonic Complex, Koryak Highland (Far East Russia)

Alaskan-type platinum-bearing plutons and potassium-enrichedmafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks are temporally and spatiallyassociated within the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Achaivayam–Valaginskiiintra-oceanic palaeo-arc system, allochthonously present inthe Koryak Highland and Kamchatka Peninsula (Far East Russia).The compositions of the parental magmas to the Alaskan-typecomplexes are estimated using the Galmoenan plutonic complexas an example. This complex, composed of dunites, pyroxenitesand minor gabbros, is the largest (20 km³) in the system andthe best studied owing to associated platinum placer deposits.The compositions of the principal mineral phases in the Galmoenanintrusive rocks [olivine (Fo_79–92), clinopyroxene (1–3·5wt % Al₂O₃, 0·1–0·5 wt % TiO₂), and Cr-spinel(5–15 wt % Al₂O₃ and 0·3–0·7 wt %TiO₂)] are typical of liquidus assemblages in primitive island-arcmagmas in intra-oceanic settings, and closely resemble the mineralcompositions in the Achaivayam–Valaginskii ultramaficvolcanic rocks. The temporal and spatial association of intrusiveand extrusive units, and the similarity of their mineral compositions,suggest that both suites were formed from similar parental magmas.The composition of the parental magma for the Galmoenan plutonicrocks is estimated using previously reported data for the Achaivayam–Valaginskiiultramafic volcanic rocks and phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions.Quantitative simulation of crystallization of the parental magmain the Galmoenan magma chamber shows that the compositions ofthe cumulate units are best modelled by fractional crystallizationwith periodic magma replenishment. The model calculations reproducewell the observed mineral assemblages and the trace elementabundances in clinopyroxene. Based upon the estimated compositionof the parental magmas and their mantle source, we considerthat fluxing of a highly refractory mantle wedge (similar tothe source of boninites) by chlorine-rich aqueous fluids isprimarily responsible for both high degrees of partial meltingand the geochemical characteristics of the magmas, includingtheir enrichment in platinum-group elements. KEY WORDS: subduction; platinum-group elements; clinopyroxene; trace elements; fractional crystallization; Alaskan-type plutons     

Synplutonic mafic dykes from late Archaean granitoids in the Eastern Dharwar Craton,southern India

We present a first overview of the synplutonic mafic dykes (mafic injections) from the 2.56–2.52 Ga calcalkaline to potassic plutons in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC). The host plutons comprise voluminous intrusive facies (dark grey clinopyroxene-amphibole rich monzodiorite and quartz monzonite, pinkish grey porphyritic monzogranite and grey granodiorite) located in the central part of individual pluton, whilst subordinate anatectic facies (light grey and pink granite) confined to the periphery. The enclaves found in the plutons include highly angular screens of xenoliths of the basement, rounded to pillowed mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) and most spectacular synplutonic mafic dykes. The similar textures of MME and adjoining synplutonic mafic dykes together with their spatial association and occasional transition of MME to dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes imply a genetic link between them. The synplutonic dykes occur in varying dimension ranging from a few centimeter width upto 200 meters width and are generally dismembered or disrupted and rarely continuous. Necking of dyke along its length and back veining of more leucocratic variant of the host is common feature. They show lobate as well as sharp contacts with chilled margins suggesting their injection during different stages of crystallization of host plutons in magma chamber. Local interaction, mixing and mingling processes are documented in all the studied crustal corridors in the EDC. The observed mixing, mingling, partial hybridization, MME and emplacement of synplutonic mafic dykes can be explained by four stage processes: (1) Mafic magma injected during very early stage of crystallization of host felsic magma, mixing of mafic and felsic host magma results in hybridization with occasional MME; (2) Mafic magma introduced slightly later, the viscosities of two magmas may be different and permit only mingling where by each component retain their identity; (3) When mafic magma injected into crystallizing granitic host magma with significant crystal content, the mafic magma is channeled into early fractures and form dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes and (4) Mafic injections enter into largely crystallized (>80% crystals) granitic host results in continuous dykes with sharp contacts. The origin of mafic magmas may be related to development of fractures to mantle depth during crystallization of host magmas which results in the decompression melting of mantle source. The resultant hot mafic melts with low viscosity rise rapidly into the crystallizing host magma chamber where they interact depending upon the crystallinity and viscosity of the host. These hot mafic injections locally cause reversal of crystallization of the felsic host and induce melting and resultant melts in turn penetrate the crystallizing mafic body as back veining. Field chronology indicates injection of mafic magmas is synchronous with emplacement of anatectic melts and slightly predates the 2.5 Ga metamorphic event which affected the whole Archaean crust. The injection of mafic magmas into the crystallizing host plutons forms the terminal Archaean magmatic event and spatially associated with reworking and cratonization of Archaean crust in the EDC.     

The Mid-Late Jurassic Kinematic Model and Mechanical Mechanism of the Ductile Shear Zones in the South Qinling Structural Belt

The South Qinling structural belt, as a part of the Qinling orogen, is bounded by the Shang-Dan suture to the north. Previous studies show the two regional conjugate ductile shear zones developed in the Mid-Late Jurassic epoch, e.g., Ningshan ductile shear zone characteristic of ENE-striking, sinistral shearing, Ankang ductile shear zone typical of NW-direction, dextral shearing, whose shear deformation age respectively is 169~162 Ma and 178~163 Ma respectively. The lineations collected from the two ductile shear zones suggest the maximum principal stress (σ1) is characterized by the direction of NE trending consistent with their obtuse angle bisector, which is corresponded with maximum effective moment criterion. Thus, our work suggests the blocks delimited by the conjugate ductile shear zones (e.g., ENE-striking and NW-trending) in the interior of the Qinling orogen, dominated by NE-SW compression, pinned by the Hannan-Micangshan massif, laterally extruded in the Mid-Late Jurassic time, which is featured by westward escaping in western Qinling belt and eastward in the eastern Qinling belt. This kinematical model probably marks the dominated activity of the Qinling orogen in the Mid-Late Jurassic time.     

南秦岭构造带中段晚中生代陆内变形特征与侧向挤出构造

南秦岭构造带位于秦岭造山带南部,在中生代时期经历了复杂的陆内变形过程。在晚中生代阶段,南秦岭构造带内发育一系列平行造山带的走滑断裂带。目前对于这些走滑断裂带不同构造位置的变形特征、变形叠加关系以及动力学机制等方面的认识并不充分。构造研究显示,南秦岭构造带内的宁陕断裂和安康断裂均发育大量平行于断裂带的A型褶皱群和近水平的拉伸线理,表明南秦岭构造带经历了以走滑剪切变形为主的构造阶段。运动学特征表明,宁陕断裂以左行剪切变形为主,而安康断裂则以右行变形为特征。选择典型岩石样品进行同位素测年来限定断裂活动的时代,其中:宁陕断裂带内同构造花岗岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果为（186.0±4.0） Ma;安康断裂带内云母矿物的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年结果为161.2~173.5 Ma。虽然宁陕断裂和安康断裂的运动方向不同,但是同位素年代学研究限定了两条断裂发生走滑变形的时间都是早-中侏罗世,从而共同构成了南秦岭构造带中间块体整体向东挤出的构造特征。同时也表明,相互碰撞的大陆在碰撞之后将很快转变为以平行造山带侧向挤出和走滑位移为主的陆内变形演化阶段。     

Sr and Nd Characteristics of Brasiliano/Pan-African Granitoid Plutons of the Araçuaí Orogen, Southeastern Brazil: Tectonic Implications

Nd and Sr isotope data were obtained for three plutonic suites (595–505 Ma) and distinct young granitoid intrusions (503 Ma), from the southern part of the Neoproterozoic Araçuaí Orogen. The Sr and Nd isotopes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, eNd) and TDM values from the plutons and distinct basement rocks are used to constrain the magma genesis of the granitoid plutons. These isotopic parameters, with e_Nd values ranging from −4 to −24 and T_DM ages from 1.3 to 2.8 Ga, for the granitoid suites, and −5 to −40 and 3.5 to 1.5 Ga, for the distinct Archean and Proterozoic basement complexes, suggest that the Jequitinhonha Complex metasediments are the main crustal source for most of these plutons, except for the youngest granitoid intrusions, which may have a protolith similar to the Mantiqueira and Guanhães complexes. Furthermore, the isotope data indicate a minor, but important, participation of Neoproterozoic oceanic lithosphere in the granite genesis, which corroborates with a confined orogenic model and a narrow oceanic consumption (B-subduction) for the Araçuaí Orogen.     

西昆仑甜水海地体早寒武世花岗岩浆作用及其构造意义

瓦仍孜拉甫岩体和阿依里西岩体出露于西昆仑造山带的甜水海地体中。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,阿依里西岩体的花岗质斑岩的侵位年龄为（530±6）Ma,瓦仍孜拉甫岩体的黑云母二长花岗质片麻岩的侵位年龄为（515±2）Ma,都形成于早寒武世。岩石地球化学特征表明,阿依里西岩体中花岗质斑岩的SiO2含量为67.7%~69.4%,具有较高的Mg#值（44~46）,A/CNK值为0.81~0.93;K2O含量为2.15%~3.02%,呈钙碱性至高钾钙碱性特征;其εHf（t）值为-3.3~-0.8;以轻重稀土分异较为明显,富集Cs、Rb、K、Th、Zr、Hf、Y等元素,而亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti等元素为特点,是由幔源岩浆与壳源岩浆发生混合作用而成。瓦仍孜拉甫岩体黑云母二长花岗质片麻岩的SiO2含量高其变化范围为75.0%~76.3%,Mg#值比较低,为18~26;A/CNK值为1.01~1.30,K2O含量为4.31~4.98,表现为高钾钙碱性、过铝质特征,其εHf（t） 值为+2.5~+4.3;属于高分异I型花岗岩,源于高钾钙碱性的安山岩和玄武质安山岩的部分熔融。根据这些地球化学特征,结合西昆仑不同地质单元中早古生代花岗岩体的分布特征、地质年代学和岩石成因特征,研究认为这2个花岗质岩体形成于岛弧环境,其为进一步深入研究西昆仑造山带早古生代的构造演化过程提供了新的地质资料。     

碧口地块麻山、木皮岩体岩石地球化学与地质年代学:对构造属性的指示意义

对侵位于康县断层南侧青川-平武断层北侧碧口地块中的麻山和木皮岩体进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究。锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄分析表明木皮岩体的形成时代为226±2Ma。麻山和木皮岩体分别由二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成,岩石为过铝质,主量元素特征为SiO2≥56%,Al2O3≥15%和MgO3%。岩石具有较高的Sr(578×10-6～1146×10-6)和较低的Yb(0.4×10-6～0.9×10-6)含量,Sr/Y比值介于69～139之间。岩石显示右倾的REE配分型式和弱的负Eu异常,(La/Yb)N比值为12～36。这些地球化学特征表明麻山和木皮岩体可能主要是由埃达克质岩石组成。岩石较高的ISr(0.706～0.705)和较低的εNd值(-6.5～-9.4)表明这些埃达克质岩石可能是加厚下地壳物质部分熔融的结果。麻山和木皮岩体的地球化学特征及年龄与勉-略缝合带北侧光头山等岩体一致,表明这些岩体可能代表了秦岭造山带南部晚三叠世造山加厚地壳条件下的产物,因此碧口地块可能属于南秦岭造山带,并推测麻山和木皮岩体及所在的碧口地块可能是印支期加厚的下地壳韧性流壳层向SW方向斜向挤出的结果。