新型质子旋进磁传感器的研制

新型质子旋进磁传感器在传统探头的基础上,根据新的观测环境要求对探头进行了改进,在实现无向性观测的同时,进一步提高了探头线圈的Q值及抗干扰能力,为提高观测系统的信噪比、降低仪器功耗创造了重要的条件。     

新30号泉水氡映震特征分析

对新30号泉1990年1月1日至2009年5月31日水氡观测资料进行了统计分析。结果表明,新30号泉水氡观测点对温泉地区发生的5级以上中等地震映震效果较好,震前观测到一些异常信息,异常以高、低值脉冲型异常为主,破年变的异常比较可靠,而且均为短期异常。     

A Note on Tree Deaths during the Current (2001–?) Drought in South-eastern Australia

Tree deaths over large areas during droughts are uncommon. In the semi-arid zone of New South Wales (NSW) such events were last reported during the prolonged droughts of 1895–1903 and 1939–45, though whether caused solely by drought is open to question. Anecdotal and quantitative evidence during the current prolonged drought (2001–?) in NSW's sub-humid zone (where deaths are localised) and semi-arid zone (where deaths are more extensive) suggest that climatic conditions are comparable to, and perhaps more severe than, those of the earlier prolonged droughts. It is suggested that lack of access to deep soil moisture due to inherent shallow rooting, or due to site conditions, is the most likely cause; and that this may be associated with higher than optimal tree densities in cohorts of trees that arose from previous regeneration events during periods of well above average rainfall. A more thorough examination of the extent and severity of this event is warranted.     

组装式单自由度地震模拟振动台的创新技术研究

首先阐述了东南大学4 m×6 m组装式单自由度地震模拟振动台系统的组成、性能参数以及创新技术的运用;接着深入地论述了如何正确运用台面拼装技术、合理利用现有的基础和导轨,以及现有控制系统的改造和控制方法的选择;最后通过实际的台面背景噪声试验以及波形失真试验,验证了这些创新技术的突出优点。组装系统节约了60%的建设成本;300 kN的最大载重量以及超出93%的信噪比证明,运用创新技术还极大地发挥了组装系统的动态性能。     

Rapid uranium-series age screening of carbonates by laser ablation mass spectrometry

Uranium-series dating is a critical tool in quaternary geochronology, including paleoclimate work, archaeology and geomorphology. Laser ablation (LA) methods are not as precise as most isotope dilution methods, but can be used to generate calendar ages rapidly, expanding the range of dating tools that can be applied to late Pleistocene carbonates. Here, existing LA methods are revisited for corals (cold- and warm-water) and speleothems spanning the last 343 thousand years (ka). Measurement of the required isotopes (²³⁸U, ²³⁴U, ²³⁰Th and ²³²Th) is achieved by coupling a laser system to a multi-collector inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS) using a combination of a single central ion counter and an array of Faraday cups. Each sample analysis lasts for ∼4.3 min, and fifty samples can be measured in 12 h with an automated set up, after a day of sample preparation. The use of different standard materials and laser systems had no significant effect on method accuracy. Uncertainty on the measured (²³⁰Th/²³⁸U) activity ratios ranges from 5.4% to 7.6% for (²³⁰Th/²³⁸U) ratios equal to 0.7 and 0.1 respectively. Much of this uncertainty can be attributed to the heterogeneity of the standard material (²³⁰Th/²³⁸U) at the length scale of LA. A homogeneous standard material may therefore improve measurement uncertainty but is not a requirement for age-screening studies. The initial (²³⁴U/²³⁸U) of coral samples can be determined within ∼20‰, making it useful as a first indicator of open-system behaviour. For cold-water corals, success in determination of (²³²Th/²³⁸U) – which can affect final age accuracy – by LA depended strongly on sample heterogeneity. Age uncertainties (2 sigma) ranged from <0.8 ka at 0–10 ka, ∼1.5 ka at 20 ka to ∼15 ka at 125 ka. Thus, we have demonstrated that U-series dating by LA-MC-ICPMS can be usefully applied to a range of carbonate materials as a straightforward age-screening technique.     

新30井不同深度下的水温观测试验及其结果

本文通过在新30号观测井孔里重新放置一套新的测温仪, 使新、 老水温监测仪在不同深度同时观测, 发现在同一井孔中, 不同深度的水温探头所记录到的井水温度变化曲线形态是不一样的, 也就是观测井放置探头的深度与部位对井水温观测结果有明显的影响。 通过对新30井水温试验仪观测数据分析, 可以确定探头放置180～185 m处, 水温日变化有规律, 有潮汐显示, 而且与同井观测的井水位在日变形态上具有一定的同步性, 表现为水位上升时水温上升, 水位下降时水温也下降。 另外, 分析了该井水温探头在不同深度的日变形态和映震灵敏度, 并初步确定该井放置水温探头较为合理的观测深度为180 m。     

The New Zealand Coastal Society: What does it do and who is it for?

Abstract:   This article briefly outlines the aims and activities of the New Zealand Coastal Society, a technical interest group formed in 1992. It explains the history of the society, who its members are, and addresses the question of who would benefit from joining the society.     

Multi-decadal coastal change in New Zealand: Evidence, mechanisms and implications

Abstract:   Coastal research and monitoring on New Zealand beaches have typically examined seasonal and event-driven (storms) changes in the coast. However, historical records are now of sufficient length to indicate that change occurs at longer timescales. This paper presents examples of multi-decadal change at three case-study locations around New Zealand. Results show that morphological adjustment of the coast occurs at multi-decadal scales and is much larger than short-term dynamics. Physical mechanisms driving changes are ill defined but may be associated with El Niños and La Niña episodes which modulate waves and sea level, as well as changes in sediment supply.     

Geographical reflections on Sir Edmund Hillary (1919–2008)

Abstract: During the past year, the media, public and officialdom have focused on Sir Edmund Hillary, his achievements, and what they mean to New Zealand. In this commentary, we reflect on how they relate to human geography. Although we acknowledge the obvious tensions that exist between adventuring and the contemporary concerns of the discipline, we also illustrate how Hillary's life and actions resonate with many of the discipline's current hopes, aims and challenges. Specifically, we discuss thematic overlaps in the fields of geopolitics and national identities, colonial histories and resistances, as well as the emerging public geography. We posit that ‘Hillary's geography’ is closer to human geography than is realized or at least acknowledged by geographers.     

Trajectories of protection: Protectorates of Aborigines in early 19th century Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand

Abstract: This article tracks the passage of Aboriginal protection, as a contested imperial institution, from the Caribbean to Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand via the Cape Colony and Britain. In doing so, it reconfigures the historical geographies of colonial philanthropy, and of those individuals who sought to implement and resist it, as a set of specific, intersecting trajectories. These trajectories, of people, ideas and texts, both connected and remade multiple colonial places. The article also advocates positioning the contemporary politics of the colonial past in Britain, Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, within a wider, trans‐imperial, set of connections.