兰州—天水地区三维重力反演及其地质解释

本文利用重力资料对兰州—天水地区的深部构造进行了研究。在计算中,采用Parker-Oldenbarg三维位场反演方法,反演前对重力资料进行了地形改正和中新生代沉积层校正。根据反演结果,综合分析了有关资料,认为该区为青藏块体过渡带,并且提出了陇中盆地为断块型构造盆地的新认识。     

铀矿床勘探类型之定量划分

本文提出矿化连续性分类法,它根据大矿体储量比例,将铀矿床划分为9个勘探类型。     

Three-dimensional structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the south China area from long period surface waves

In the present study the long period surface wave records of 238 wave-paths from 79 earthquakes within China and its adjacent regions received by 30 seismic network stations are measured by using the improved match-filtering frequency-time analysis technique and the grid dispersion inversion method to obtain the rayleigh pure-path dispersion values for 147 slant grids of 4° × 4° in this area, then a three-dimensional shear wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath south China area to a depth of 170 km is inversed. It is found that there are obvious differences among the main structural units, and there are also certain differences among the subordinate elements even in the individual unit. The crustal thickness of this area is ranging from 30 to 43 km, and is getting thicker gradually from the east to the west. The average shear velocity of crust is ranging form 3.48 to 3.68 km/s with the lowest in the northeast part and highest in the west part. No obvious crustal low velocity layer of large scale is detected. There exist upper mantle low velocity zones in the most of south China area with the starting depth ranging from 75 to 106 km. The lowest shear velocity within the low velocity zones is about 4.28–4.38 km/s. Despite of the existing of upper mantle low velocity zones beneath the most of south China area, the interfaces between the important layers are quite clear, the variation of the bedding surfaces is very gentle, and the lateral changes measured in a larger scale of the underground structure are rather small. It may indicate that the crustal and upper mantle structure of the main part of south China area belongs to the relatively stable structure of the continental blocks except for the fringe areas such as the fold-faulted region in the west part and the fault system along the southeastern coast which may belong to the tectonically active area. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 159–167, 1993. This subject is supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

Lateral heterogeneities in the upper and mid-mantle conductivity in Argentina

Regional studies of Sq variations measured at five permanent observatories in Argentina were performed to estimate the distribution of the electrical conductivity of the upper and mid-mantle, reaching a depth of approximately 800 km. After separating the total field into its parts of external and internal origin, the in duced field was modeled, applying two-dimensional techniques. Additionally, induction arrows and an equivalent apparent resistivity curve were calculated A north-south heterogeneity was detected, showing an increase of the conductivity of the shallower layers north of the profile, which may be related to the presence of high volcanic activity in the area.Also at CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas).     

补偿校正系数XRFS法七个主量元素测定的探讨

用补偿校正系数法校正X荧光光谱分析中基体效应的影响,对岩石中七个主量元素的测定结果表明该方法准确、可靠。     

深地震反射剖面揭示的天津地区张渤带地壳精细结构

穿过天津地区张渤带的长86 km、NE向深地震反射剖面揭示了该区清晰的地壳精细结构图像和断裂的深浅构造特征,为研究张渤地震构造带的深部孕震环境和构造模式提供了地震学证据,对探讨晚中生代以来华北裂陷盆地的深部动力学过程及演化具有重要意义.结果表明,天津地区张渤带地壳以结晶基底反射T_G为界,分为上下两部分;上地壳反射波组丰富,分层特征明显,界面起伏形态清楚,清晰地刻画出冀中坳陷新生代沉积分层、箕状沉积凹陷的底界、潮白河断裂、蓟运河断裂及丰台—野鸡坨断裂的几何结构;地壳内部结晶基底（T_G）至Moho之间,显示出近于"反射透明"的地震波场特征,无明显震相,这与华北其他地区的深地震反射剖面结果明显不同;地壳厚度为30.0~34.5 km,总体变化趋势为中段地壳厚而南北端相对较薄,Moho在横向上显示出明显的不均匀和横向间断特征,在Moho被错断处存在两个明显的反射事件R_A和R_C,R_A可能是软流圈热物质上涌的侧向残留物,叠层状反射震相R_C则表现出壳幔过渡带特征;剖面揭示了2条错断Moho的超壳深大断裂（F_D1和F_D2）和9条上地壳断裂,深大断裂应是软流圈热物质上涌,造成上地幔隆起而形成的,上地壳断裂与地壳垂直运动及侧向引张力有关;超壳深断裂（F_D1和F_D2）为本区深部热物质的上涌与能量交换提供了通道,而与之对应的地壳浅部断裂（F₃和F₉）,则为能量调整提供了可能的条件,断裂邻近区域可能是未来发生强震的地区,值得注意.     

鲁甸乐马厂银矿床地质特征与成矿作用初探

乐马厂银矿为地矿部“八五”重点普查项目,普查找矿取得了突破性进展,矿床达大型规模。该矿床类型独特,为国内、外少见的独立银矿床,因此对矿床地质特征和矿床赋存规律进行了较深入研究,取得了新的认识。文章在乐马厂银矿床地质背景基础上,着重研究了该矿床的地质特征及成矿地质作用,并论述了其为产于叠瓦状逆冲－推覆断裂破碎蚀变带中的独立银矿床,其矿化作用过程经历了古构造－沉积（矿源层形成）和构造－热液（充填交代富集）两个阶段,构造活动控制了银矿化作用和银矿体的最终定位。这对在滇东北地区寻找此类银、铅锌矿床具有指导意义。     

海平面升降变化对贵州紫云礁体生长的控制

以贵州紫晚二叠世碳酸盐台地边缘礁为例,运用高频层序地层学原理和方法,精细地划分了紫云礁层序的各级单元,并对其内部沉积构成进行了详细研究,探讨海平面和变化对礁体生长的控制,研究结果表明,晚二叠世紫云礁 合体为发育在台地边缘坡折带的一个三级层序,由１３个准层序组成,并可识别出低位、海侵、高位３个体系域,低位期的下切谷 边缘坡折带碳酸盐台地的暴露、海侵期和高位期礁的３种生长方式的增生及每种生长方式的特定     

淄博煤矿矿坑排水对地表水体的污染及对地下水水质影响的研究

以山东淄博煤田富硫煤（w（St＞2％）煤矿作为典型研究区,阐述了由于直接排放酸性、高SO4离子、高硬度和较高矿化度（TDS）的矿坑水导致的地表水体及地下水的污染。研究区内地表水体的水质主要受控于矿坑排水的质量,区内主要河流、水库已被污染。引用这种受污染的地表水进行灌溉,会引起浅层地下水的严重污染,并影响到饮用此类地下水的人们的身体健康。为揭示污水灌溉过程中水-岩相互作用及地下水污染的机理,进行了现场土柱模拟实验,分别模拟了污水灌溉和降水入渗过程。实验结果表明,污水灌溉过程中SO4-不会被吸附,也不会产生沉淀,因此,污水灌溉是污灌区地下水受污染的主要原因。降水入渗实验表明,污灌区土壤中的SO4-,Ca2+和Mg2+,也可以通过降水淋滤进入地下水,这是污灌区地下水受污染的另一条途径。就对水环境的影响而言,酸性煤矿矿坑排水的环境效应是负面的,应予以高度重视。