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Structure of residual oil as a function of wettability using pore-network modelling

In the water flooding of mixed-wet porous media, oil may drain down to relatively low residual oil saturations (S_or). Various studies have indicated that such low saturations can only be reached when oil layers in pore corners are included in the pore-scale modelling. These processes within a macroscopic porous medium can be modelled at the pore-scale by incorporating the fundamental physics of capillary dominated displacement within idealised pore network models. Recently, the authors have developed thermodynamic criteria for oil layer existence in pores with non-uniform wettability which takes as input geometrically and topologically representative networks, to calculate realistic S_or values for mixed-wet and oil-wet sandstones [16, 21]. This previous work is developed in this paper to include (i) the visualisation of the 3D structure of this residual oil, and (ii) a statistical analysis of this “residual/remaining” oil. Both the visualisation and the statistical analysis are done under a wide range of wettability conditions, which is reported for the first time in this paper.The structure of residual oil for strongly water wet systems is well known (where residual = remaining oil) and our model agrees with this but this structure changes radically for mixed wet systems (where residual ≠ remaining) and this has not yet been visualised experimentally. We find that for more water-wet systems high final residual oil saturations are reached at relatively small amounts of water injected and this oil is present in the pores as bulk oil. On the other hand, for more oil-wet systems we find a slow decrease of the amount of remaining oil with increasing amounts of injected water. During the process, the remaining connectivity of the oil phase is increasingly provided by oil layers only, hence the slow drainage. The final residual oil saturation, only reached in the theoretical limit of an infinite amount of injected water, is almost entirely contained in large number of (relatively low volume) oil layers, which are present in pores of most radius sizes.     

青岛市数字遥测地震台网的监测能力

介绍青岛市数字遥测地震台网概况、动态范围以及对崂山震群的监测,说明台网的监测能力达到或超过设计目标。     

基于现代信息技术的汉唐时期新疆境内丝绸之路信息发布系统的研究与实现

以西汉、东汉、唐朝三个历史时期为研究时间域,以新疆境内的古丝绸之路为研究空间域;根据搜集的相关历史文献资料并对其进行分析,将得到的西域三十六国域址、人口、军事等信息存入MySQL数据库中;结合地理信息系统（GIS）及遥感（RS）技术,将传统的纸质地图转变成电子地图并发布相应的本地地图服务;最后,利用PHP及Flex网络技术,将前期制作的电子地图发布到Internet上,供公众浏览、查询、学习交流等之用。本研究将传统的考古学与现代信息技术进行结合,实现了两者的完美融合,弥补了传统考古学过于专注学术研究而忽略应用的缺陷,为公众免费提供服务的同时,也为丝绸之路的进一步研究提供参考资料,同时为丝绸之路的申遗工作奠定基础。     

基于粗糙集的BP神经网络在震例中的应用研究

采用《中国震例》作为数据源,通过初步整理分析和预处理,构建了较完备的震例研究样本集。尝试将粗糙集与BP神经网络相结合的方法引入到震例研究中,用基于粗糙集的属性约简算法从众多复杂的地震异常指标中筛选出对最终分类起决定作用的核心异常作为输入,震级作为输出,构建了泛化能力强的BP神经网络模型来模拟异常与地震之间的不确定关系。仿真测试结果表明:地震震级预测精度误差基本控制在-0.5～0.5级之间。     

玉树地震前的地下流体观测井温度数据超差异常及其与地震关系研究

本文收集整理了距2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震震中700km范围内的全部13个地下流体观测井孔的温度观测资料,统计分析了2008年5月以来各井温度当月超过3倍均方差的数据个数(以下简称月超差个数).结果发现,在玉树地震前6个月,13个观测井中有10个井观测数据出现月超差个数升高现象,有4个观测井月超差个数出现了同震升高和震后升高现象.2008、2009年大柴旦发生的2次6级以上地震前,也有类似现象.此异常现象可能反映了玉树地震前场兆和源兆的共同作用过程.     

大庆地震台网近震震级偏差分析与校正

选取大庆地震台网2002-2009年近震报告资料,以《黑龙江省地震目录》给出的震级为标准,进行震级偏差统计.按地区分段校正后,震级精度明显提高.     

MPLS VPN高速区域网络在天津地震监测系统中的应用.

天津市地震局在“十五”及“十一五”期间,利用MPLS VPN技术,建成了全国最快的区域级地震通信网络系统,实现了54个节点的高带宽互联.本文详细阐述了MPLS VPN技术在天津地震监测系统中的建设与应用情况,以期为今后更好的服务于地震行业提供参考.     

CSS集群技术在地震核心网中的应用

随着网络虚拟化技术的发展,以及地震系统业务内容的扩展,原地震行业网络核心层从性能上已逐渐难以满足需求。为保障网络可靠高效运转,同时为满足地震行业网络零中断的需求,利用新一代CSS交换机集群技术,采用中间设备临时接管的方法,对地震核心网进行了平滑改造升级,通过升级简化了网络结构,提高了网络效能。     

A network model to assess base-filter combinations

Granular filters retain base material within the narrowest constrictions of their void network. A direct comparison of the base material particle size distribution (PSD) and the filter constriction size distribution (CSD) cannot easily be used to assess filter-base compatibility. Here a conceptually simple random-walk network model using a filter CSD derived from discrete element modelling and base PSD is used to assess filter-base compatibility. Following verification using experimental data the model is applied to assess empirical ratios between filter and base characteristic diameters. The effects of filter density, void connectivity and blocking in the first few filter layers are highlighted.