河南桐柏围山城金银成矿带矿床地球化学特征

根据对围山城金银成矿带的成矿元素、黄铁矿微量元素标型特征、成矿流体地球化学特征、稀土元素、硫铅同位素和氢氧同位素特征的研究,提出矿带中的初始成矿物质主要来源下地壳和上地幔,由海底火山喷流作用形成.各工业矿体的形成与后期叠加构造和热流体的改造作用密切相关.     

松潘造山带马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的成因及其构造意义

松潘造山带广泛出露印支期后碰撞型花岗岩类, 其中包括埃达克质花岗岩类、A型花岗岩和I型花岗岩, 但目前人们对该区印支期强过铝质花岗岩尚未有深入的研究.松潘造山带马尔康花岗岩属于强过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.10~1.20), 其岩石类型主要为中粒二云母花岗岩和中细粒二云母花岗岩.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法, 获得中粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为208±2Ma, 中细粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为200±2Ma.马尔康强过铝质花岗岩K₂O/Na₂O=1.13~1.75, 富Rb、Th和U, 贫Sr、Ba、Co和Ni等元素; 稀土元素组成上显示存在强到中等的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.15~0.65);全岩初始87Sr/86Sr比值(ISr) 为0.70712~0.71137, εNd (t) =-10.36~-8.43, 锆石εHf (t) =-11.8~-1.1.地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成一致表明, 它们的岩浆来自于地壳物质的部分熔融, 其中中粒二云母花岗岩的源岩类型主要为地壳中的泥质岩类, 而中细粒二云母花岗岩的源岩主要为地壳中的杂砂岩类.结合松潘带的地质背景、区域构造-岩浆事件及其岩浆岩的组合分析, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用可以用来解释马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成机制.在松潘带, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用导致软流圈物质上涌, 这不仅促使了加厚下地壳物质发生部分熔融, 如松潘带印支期埃达克质和I型花岗岩浆的形成, 而且还诱发了中地壳物质的部分熔融, 如马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成.这表明松潘带印支期岩石圈拆沉作用已使地壳不同层次发生部分熔融作用.      

QUATERNARY FOLDING OF THE XIHU ANTICLINE BELT ALONG FORELAND BASIN OF NORTH TIANSHAN

Tianshan is one of the longest and most active intracontinental orogenic belts in the world. Due to the collision between Indian and Eurasian plates since Cenozoic, the Tianshan has been suffering from intense compression, shortening and uplifting. With the continuous extension of deformation to the foreland direction, a series of active reverse fault fold belts have been formed. The Xihu anticline is the fourth row of active fold reverse fault zone on the leading edge of the north Tianshan foreland basin. For the north Tianshan Mountains, predecessors have carried out a lot of research on the activity of the second and third rows of the active fold-reverse faults, and achieved fruitful results. But there is no systematic study on the Quaternary activities of the Xihu anticline zone. How is the structural belt distributed in space?What are the geometric and kinematic characteristics?What are the fold types and growth mechanism?How does the deformation amount and characteristics of anticline change?In view of these problems, we chose Xihu anticline as the research object. Through the analysis of surface geology, topography and geomorphology and the interpretation of seismic reflection profile across the anticline, we studied the geometry, kinematic characteristics, fold type and growth mechanism of the structural belt, and calculated the shortening, uplift and interlayer strain of the anticline by area depth strain analysis.
In this paper, by interpreting the five seismic reflection profiles across the anticline belt, and combining the characteristics of surface geology and geomorphology, we studied the types, growth mechanism, geometry and kinematics characteristics, and deformation amount of the fold. The deformation length of Xihu anticline is more than 47km from west to east, in which the hidden length is more than 14km. The maximum deformation width of the exposed area is 8.5km. The Xihu anticline is characterized by small surface deformation, simple structural style and symmetrical occurrence. The interpretation of seismic reflection profile shows that the deep structural style of the anticline is relatively complex. In addition to the continuous development of a series of secondary faults in the interior of Xihu anticline, an anticline with small deformation amplitude(Xihubei anticline)is continuously developed in the north of Xihu anticline. The terrain high point of Xihu anticline is located about 12km west of Kuitun River. The deformation amplitude decreases rapidly to the east and decreases slowly to the west, which is consistent with the interpretation results of seismic reflection profile and the calculation results of shortening. The Xihu anticline is a detachment fold with the growth type of limb rotation. The deformation of Xihu anticline is calculated by area depth strain analysis method. The shortening of five seismic reflection sections A, B, C, D and E is(650±70) m, (1 070±70) m, (780±50) m, (200±40) m and(130±30) m, respectively. The shortening amount is the largest near the seismic reflection profile B of the anticline, and decreases gradually along the strike to the east and west ends of the anticline, with a more rapidly decrease to the east, which indicates that the topographic high point is also a structural high point. The excess area caused by the inflow of external material or outflow of internal matter is between -0.34km² to 0.56km². The average shortening of the Xihubei anticline is between(60±10) m and(130±40) m, and the excess area caused by the inflow of external material is between 0.50km² and 0.74km². The initial locations of the growth strata at the east part is about 1.9~2.0km underground, and the initial location of the growth strata at the west part is about 3.7km underground. We can see the strata overlying the Xihu anticline at 3.3km under ground, the strata above are basically not deformed, indicating that this section of the anticline is no longer active.     

论南岭成矿带大宝山斑岩型铜矿的特殊性及其勘查意义

广东省大宝山矿床是南岭成矿带唯一的大型铜多金属矿床,此次研究在矿区中南部发现了细脉浸染状铜矿的新类型。为确定其是否为斑岩型铜矿的成因类型,本文在梳理南岭成矿带铜成矿条件和成矿规律的基础上,查明了矿区中南部英安斑岩的蚀变和铜矿化特征。综合研究认为南岭成矿带早侏罗世中酸性斑岩的小岩体较多,叠加多期断裂构造和碳酸盐岩建造,非常有利于铜多金属成矿物质的运移、富集。大宝山英安斑岩发育黑云母化、钾长石化、青磐岩化、绢英岩化、泥化等蚀变类型,铜矿化与绢英岩化、绿泥石化关系密切。大宝山铜矿中的英安斑岩沿逆冲推覆构造侵位并呈岩墙状产出,冷却过程中受区域构造应力产生了一组平行裂隙,岩浆房去气作用排出的热液沿裂隙蚀变围岩并充填成矿。大宝山斑岩型铜矿取得的找矿勘查成果表明,“全位成矿,缺位找矿”理念可以有效指导靶区圈定和老矿山外围（深部）找矿勘查,早侏罗世的南岭具有形成较大规模斑岩型铜矿的条件。     

江苏青龙山磷灰石中出溶体的初步研究

最近的研究证实，在大别-苏鲁超高压变质带的多硅白云母榴辉岩和超基性岩中的磷灰石矿物内普遍发育有针柱状出溶晶体，初步研究证明这些出溶晶体多为各种硫化物：如黄铁矿、黄铜矿等。本文重点研究苏鲁青龙山地区的多硅白云母榴辉岩和退变榴辉岩中磷灰石内的出溶晶体，通过扫描电镜、电子探针和X-光能谱的线扫描分析，确认这些出溶晶体是铜的硫化物，并根据无标样定量的分析结果初步推测有可能是CuS2晶体。目前已知的CuS2晶体都是在高温高压（T=700-1000℃和P=4．5-5．0GPa）条件下人工合成的。这样的温压条件与青龙山榴辉岩的超高压变质条件是吻合的。在磷灰石中能保存超高压的硫化物，可能是由于磷灰石自身的稳定性和化学惰性。因此推测在超高压变质作用中，磷灰石晶体中易于保存硫化物出溶体与石榴石和绿辉石中易于保存柯石英和金刚石的作用相类似。     

华南陆块东北部构造特征、成矿作用与动力学机制——来自大地电磁测深的认识

通常认为,华南陆块在元古代由扬子克拉通和华夏地块沿江南造山带碰撞拼合而成,之后经历了陆内造山、洋壳俯冲等多期岩浆—构造活动。但因华南陆块所处的特殊地质构造环境,就目前华南陆块各块体之间的接触关系、江南造山带深部构造特征及区域动力学意义等诸多地质问题争议颇多。本文依托地质调查项目和“深部探测技术与实验研究（SinoProbe）”项目完成的8d和12g两条大地电磁测深剖面,经过精细的数据处理,使用非线性共轭梯度（NLCG）算法对TE+TM模式数据联合反演得到华南陆块东北部岩石圈尺度的二维电性剖面,并用ModEM三维反演代码对全阻抗张量数据反演获得了三维电性模型。对研究区内扬子地块东部、江南造山带以及华夏地块进行电性结构研究,发现研究区内的江南造山带西南段存在扬子地块和华夏地块碰撞镶嵌的构造表现,扬子地块已越过江南造山带,在江绍断裂位置与华夏地块挤压,形成江绍断裂等逆冲型深大断裂,从电性结构推测其现今仍然为活动断裂,但东北段块体之间的接触关系被上侵的地幔物质破坏,江绍、赣东北等断裂的深部结构已被剧烈改造,推测这种深部成矿热物质上涌是形成赣东北以金银矿种为主的岩浆热液型矿床的深部动力原因;研究区东部华夏地块电性特征为高阻的上地壳以及被岩浆底侵而破坏的中下地壳,发育其中的屯溪—鹰潭—安远和上虞—大浦—政和断裂切割深度超过了50 km,为深大断裂构造。结合前人地表侵入岩填图结果,认为由于中生代以来古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲,华南陆块东部上地壳被严重破坏,从电性特征推断可能发生过大面积的板片重融,华夏地块东北部地壳相较于西南部厚度明显更小、后期改造严重,受到的太平洋板块俯冲导致的热扰动更剧烈。     

Geochronology of Gold Deposits and Its Implication for Metallogenesis in the Fengxian-Lixian Area, Qinling Orogenic Belt, China

Abstract: A series of super large‐scale and large‐scale Pb and Zn, and Au deposits are distributed in the Qinling orogenic belt, China. Gold deposits were generally ascribed to Carlin‐type originated from circular meteoric water. Visible and coarse‐grained gold (up to over 3mm in grain size) was recently identified in some gold deposits in the Fengxian‐Lixian area, Qinling. Au‐bearing quartz lodes related to magmatism were discovered in the Xiaogouli gold deposit. Two types of Au‐bearing quartz veins, i.e., NW‐trending quartz veins and NE‐trending quartz veins cutting strata are widely present in the Baguamiao gold deposit. Both are spatially associated with each other. The former is generally snake–like, S‐shape or zigzag, which was resulted from plastic deformation by ductile shearing, being generally cut by the latter. The latter is generally linear with widely developed bleaching alteration zones in its adjacent wall rocks, which symbolizes the superimposition of brittle deformation and filling and metasomatism of magmatic hydrothermal solution in ductile shear zones after uplifting of the shear zones near the surface. The NW‐trending quartz veins contain Au of lower than 3ppm. The NE‐trending quartz veins contain Au of more than 3 ppm, so that NE‐trending quartz veins and the adjoining altered rocks are important ores. The NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 210.61.26 to 232.581.59 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., late Indosinian epoch (Triassic). The NE‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 131.910.89 to 197.451.13 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., Yanshanian epoch (Jurassic). The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age of the NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz veins represents the age of the ductile shear formation. The isotope data of the NE‐trending quartz veins indicate that gold mineralization was closely related to Indosinian and Yanshanian granite intrusives not only in time and space, but also in origin.     

演化中的裂谷带——五大连池火山岩带

小古里河—科洛—五大连池—二克山新生代火山岩带是一条富钾火山岩带。文中重点论述了以下4点内容:(1)火山岩及其包体中存在典型的地幔交代作用;(2)根据火山岩K2O/Na2O比值勾画出富钾火山岩带范围;(3)地幔气体的绝热膨胀导致"冷泉和冻土现象";(4)地震活动的现状。论证了NNW走向的五大连池火山岩带是新生代初始的大陆裂谷,它们切穿了大兴安岭北北东向构造带。进一步从岩浆演化的趋势认为五大连池裂谷带将持续演化而不会夭折。     

西藏斑岩铜矿的前景展望

世界斑岩铜矿主要产于中生代一新生代环太平洋带、古特提斯带和古生代中亚—蒙古带，因为上述3带为聚合板块集中分布地区。中国西藏集中了金沙江聚合带、雅鲁藏布江聚合带和怒江—班公错聚合带，为世界上聚合板块最发育地区之一，具有较长的大洋板块俯冲和陆—陆碰撞的造山历史，构造—花岗质岩浆十分发育，其中深源高侵位的花岗质斑岩分布广泛，对于形成斑岩铜矿和其他相关矿床十分有利，为找矿评价斑岩铜(金)矿很有前景的地区。笔者借鉴世界和中国评价斑岩铜矿的经验，同时收集了西藏近年来找寻评价斑岩铜矿有关的地质资料，对西藏斑岩铜矿的前景进行了展望。     

论黑龙江右岸北西向构造带的确立及其对成矿的控制作用

从小兴安岭特殊的盆岭构造地貌景观、复杂的构造交叉、多期北西向及南北向成矿构造的继承延续、中生代花岗岩带和火山岩带对成矿的控制、北西向独特的地球物理异常构造趋势等客观存在的特征,确立了黑龙江右岸北西向构造-成矿带的存在.通过大量矿床实例论述了多期活动的北西向构造带具有控岩、控矿、导矿、容矿的多项成矿功能,矿床（体）呈北西向带状分布.矿床的展布具有明显的水平分带现象.为黑龙江右岸找矿预测提供了理论依据.