亏损上地幔中的富钾熔体和碳酸盐交代作用:来自CCSD预先导孔橄榄岩的地球化学证据

中国大陆科学钻探工程预先导孔(CCSD-PP1) 打在苏鲁超高压变质带芝麻坊超镁铁岩体上,钻孔穿透超镁铁岩体115m.超镁铁岩体由二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩和少量单辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩组成,与上下围岩接触的橄榄岩被强烈蛇纹石化.多数橄榄岩含有石榴石或其假象,普遍含有金云母和菱镁矿,少量样品中有钛斜硅镁石.在化学成分上,橄榄岩的Mg#指数变化于90.392.6之间,MgO含量(36.61%49.15%,平均45.17%) 与Na2O (0.01%0.25%)、Al2O3 (0.07%3.71%,多数 < 2.0%,平均1.46%)和CaO (0.12%2.53%,一个高达3.30%,平均1.00%) 呈负相关关系.与主量易熔元素相对亏损的特点相反,橄榄岩中显示了稀土元素富集、分馏和配分曲线显示近于平行和相似的特点,(La/Lu) N比值为3.1833.05;此外,多数样品具有高Ba (最高比原始地幔高100多倍) 含量,在蛛网图上显示Rb、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Sr的负异常,Ti/Eu比值均低于1300.岩相学特征和难熔主量元素与不相容元素之间的无相关性表明橄榄岩至少受到了形成金云母和菱镁矿的2次交代作用.富含金云母的橄榄岩(例如C25-143-61,C32-149-71) 具有富钾趋势,并且显示K2O与Rb、Ba和Th等大离子亲石元素的正相关关系,未见K2O和稀土元素、Sr和Ca之间的相关关系.这些特征表明橄榄岩被含水、硅铝质碱性熔体交代,之后又被高Ba低Rb和高场强元素的镁质(菱镁矿) 碳酸岩熔体交代,并且强烈地改变了Ba的丰度和显示了特定地幔碳酸盐的稀土元素配分型式.全岩具有不均一的高放射性Sr (87Sr/86Sr=0.70840.7201)和低放射性Nd (εNd (t) =-1.14-8.55) 组成,结合已有的氧同位素研究资料,表明预先导孔PP1中的橄榄岩所代表的地幔可能在早期就遭受了来自深部的介质的交代作用.      

南京长江隧道三维测控系统设计

越江隧道精准化、信息化施工的基础是必须建立一套高可靠度、高精度的三维测控系统以及与之配套的科学观测程序。长江越江隧道三维测控系统如何构建是测绘界极有挑战性的一个课题,以南京长江越江隧道为例,介绍了长江越江隧道三维测控系统设计的基本方法,以及与之配套的科学观测程序。     

Modeling changes in rill erodibility and critical shear stress on native surface roads

This study investigated the effect of cumulative overland flow on rill erodibility and critical shear stress on native surface roads in central Idaho. Rill erodibility decreased exponentially with increasing cumulative overland flow depth; however, critical shear stress did not change. The study demonstrated that road erodibility on the studied road changes over the course of one or more consecutive overland flow events. Therefore, model simulations that fail to take into consideration this change will probably over-estimate sediment yields. An exponential function describing the relationship between rill erodibility and cumulative overland flow depth is presented as a basis for future model development for simulating erosion on native surface roads. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热力隧道下穿地面建筑物的安全评价与对策

在北京市北三环路和平东桥－太阳宫西路段热力管线工程中,依据设计热力隧道要下穿一处面积为23.4 m× 24.5 m的地表一层砖砌群房。由于隧道埋藏浅,且所处于富水粉质粘土之中,其抗扰动能力很差,常规的施工降水对强化土体效果甚微,经评价认为,普通的施工方法必然会造成很大的地表沉降而危及地表房屋安全,同时,由于土体自稳能力极低,对施工亦存在很大的安全隐患。基于此,选定在不降水的条件下,采用水平长管棚支护技术和在隧道上半断面注浆技术,实现阻水、固土、均一沉降的目的,其有效地控制了土体沉降,保证了隧道安全贯通和地表建筑的安全使用。     

云斑尖塘鳢人工育苗技术初步研究

对云斑尖塘鳢（Oxyeleotris marmoratus （Bleeker））人工育苗技术进行了初步的研究,利用燃油热水炉加温进行亲鱼越冬,采取人工辅助控温、保温的方法,配合其生态条件的调控和投喂优质饲料,培育亲鱼成熟并能自然产卵,使用人工饵料、代用饵料、生物饵料等混合饵料互相搭配组合,经过2个月左右的培育鱼苗全长达3cm左右。亲鱼具多次产卵习性,观察到一年当中最多产卵4次。利用外源激素催产率达到95．0％,自然产卵的受精率和孵化率均高于人工催产。     

Deriving snow‐cover depletion curves for different spatial scales from remote sensing and snow telemetry data

During the melting of a snowpack, snow water equivalent (SWE) can be correlated to snow‐covered area (SCA) once snow‐free areas appear, which is when SCA begins to decrease below 100%. This amount of SWE is called the threshold SWE. Daily SWE data from snow telemetry stations were related to SCA derived from moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer images to produce snow‐cover depletion curves. The snow depletion curves were created for an 80 000 km² domain across southern Wyoming and northern Colorado encompassing 54 snow telemetry stations. Eight yearly snow depletion curves were compared, and it is shown that the slope of each is a function of the amount of snow received. Snow‐cover depletion curves were also derived for all the individual stations, for which the threshold SWE could be estimated from peak SWE and the topography around each station. A station's peak SWE was much more important than the main topographic variables that included location, elevation, slope, and modelled clear sky solar radiation. The threshold SWE mostly illustrated inter‐annual consistency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河北三星口地区金多金属矿床地质特征与找矿远景浅析

三星口矿区矿点、矿种多,成矿条件良好,但矿床成因复杂。通过对三星口金多金属矿区进行深入的地质调查,从矿床地质特征、成矿物质来源、矿床成因等方面对其进行了较为系统的研究,指出本区找矿方向。     

贯通测量误差来源及质量控制技术探讨

贯通测量是矿山测量的的一项重要工作。贯通工程质量的好坏,直接关系到整个矿井的建设、生产和经济效益。本文从地面控制网误差、陀螺定向、导入高程、井下控制网误差四个大的方面对贯通测量的误差来源进行了分析,并从贯通测量的各个环节对质量控制技术进行了详细的探讨。