海泡石中水的红外光谱及其结构稳定性的指示作用

在仔细分析海泡石中水的约外谱图特点的基础上,本文其结构水（ＯＨ）结晶水（ＯＨ２）沸石水（Ｈ２Ｏ）吸收带进行了逐个归属,并对比分析了热液型和沉积型海泡石谱图的差异,通过分析处理海泡石样品红外谱图,发现热处理过程中谱图的变化特征与热相变过程能很好地吻合,论证了海泡石中水的红外光谱具有指示结构稳定性的作用。     

沉积盆地中恢复地层剥蚀量的新方法

主要介绍了磷灰石裂变径迹分析法、沉积波动过程分析法和宇宙成因核素分析法等3种恢复和计算地层剥蚀量的新方法。它们的优点是不但给出一个剥蚀面造成的地层总的剥蚀量,还能详细刻画整个剥蚀过程,从而能计算出每一期构造抬升引起的地层剥蚀量。     

南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微,小型藻类生态研究：Ⅱ.数量分布

本文对南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区不同生境中的微、小型藻类的丰度和季节变化及其与环境因子之间的关系进行了研究。海水中浮游藻类的年平均丰度为１２０×１０４个／ｍ３;沉积物中底栖藻类年平均丰度为２１６×１０４个／ｃｍ２;潮间带中微、小型藻类年平均丰度为１９６６０３个／ｇ或１７７９３个／ｃｍ２。海水中微、小型藻类丰度的季节变化为夏季高于秋季高于春季高于冬季;潮间带以个／ｃｍ２表示的藻类丰度的季节变化为春季高于夏季高于秋季高于冬季,这与大型海藻丰度的变化趋势基本相似;以个／ｇ表示的藻类丰度的季节变化为春季高于秋季高于冬季高于夏季,这与大型底栖动物总生物量的变化趋势完全一致。南麂海域微、小型藻类丰度与盐度、溶解氧浓度呈正相关,与营养盐（Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｓｉ）含量之间呈负相关。     

中国北方季风边缘区自然灾害环境和成灾过程的特征

在分析中国北方季风边缘区自然灾害形成环境的基础上,讨论了该区自然灾害过程所具有的如下基本特征:孕灾过程具有多样性、频发性和地域差异性;受灾过程特征集中表现为季风边缘区受灾环境对各种自然致灾因子的放大作用;成灾过程特征表现为本区更易成灾,虽然绝对灾情较低,但相对灾情较大和关键农事期气象致灾因子发生频率高等。     

松嫩沙地天然草地与人工草地土壤动物的对比研究

松嫩沙地天然草地和人工草地土壤动物的对比研究表明,天然草地大型土壤动物的优势类群与人工草地优势类群数相同,但类群有差别。而中小型土壤动物的优势类群是人工草地多。天然草地大型土壤动物和中小型土壤动物的常见类群都多于人工草地,而稀有类群则相反。两种草地类型的土壤动物在土层中的垂直分布存在差异性,但基本上是随着土层加深而递减,天然草地表层的土壤动物类群数均多于人工草地,主要是受土壤营养状况和理化性质的制约。     

Gaseous hydrocarbons generated during pyrolysis of petroleum source rocks using unconventional grain-size: implications for natural gas composition

Open-system pyrolysis experiments were performed on a suite of immature to marginally mature source rocks to investigate the influence of kerogen type on primary gas composition and the effect of grain size on gas expulsion characteristics. The pyrolysis of rock powders confirmed that hydrogen-rich kerogens yielded wetter gases than did hydrogen-poor kerogens. Gases detected from the pyrolysis of rock chips were drier than those from powders of equivalent samples. This was due to two processes: the retention and secondary cracking of higher molecular weight pyrolysis products and the preferential expulsion of methane from the rock matrix. These two effects, one chemical the other physical, could be distinguished using a novel approach involving multi-step pyrolysis of rock chips followed by on-line crushing of the residues. The enrichment of methane in natural gas attributed, by earlier workers, to be a consequence of fractionation during secondary migration (post-expulsion) has been proven to be real also during expulsion from source rocks at least for pyrolysis conditions.     

Recognising biodegradation in gas/oil accumulations through the δC compositions of gas components

A large suite of natural gases (93) from the North West Shelf and Gippsland and Otway Basins in Australia have been characterised chemically and isotopically resulting in the elucidation of two types of gases. About 26% of these gases have anomalous stable carbon isotope compositions in the C₁–C₄ hydrocarbons and CO₂ components, and are interpreted to have a secondary biogenic history. The characteristics include unusually large isotopic separations between successive n-alkane homologues (up to +29‰ PDB) and isotopically heavy CO₂ (up to +19.5‰ PDB). Irrespective of geographic location, these anomalous gases are from the shallower accumulations (600–1700 m) where temperatures are lower than 75°C. The secondary biogenic gases are readily distinguishable from thermogenic gases (74% of this sample suite), which should assist in the appraisal of hydrocarbons during exploration where hydrocarbon accumulations are under 2000 m. While dissolution effects may have contributed to the high ¹³C enrichment of the CO₂ component in the secondary biogenic gases, the primary signature of this CO₂ is attributed to biochemical fractionation associated with anaerobic degradation and methanogenesis. Correlation between biodegraded oils and biodegraded “dry” gas supports the concept that gas is formed from the bacterial destruction of oil, resulting in “secondary biogenic gas”. Furthermore, the prominence of methanogenic CO₂ in these types of accumulations along with some isotopically-depleted methane provides evidence that the processes of methanogenesis and oil biodegradation are linked. It is further proposed that biodegradation of oil proceeds via a complex anaerobic coupling that is integral to and supports methanogenesis.     

2008年前东北地震大形势研究

根据东北地区1900年以来的历史地震资料所显示的周期性活动特点,用正弦函数描述其地震活动规律,并结合时间序列的周期图及其他一些地震活动性分析方法,对该地区未来1～3年地震活动发展趋势和地震强度作了初步预测.     

黑龙江省嫩江县大石砬子沸石矿地质特征及形成机理

在前人的研究基础上,分析并总结了嫩江县大石砬子沸石矿床地质特征,划分了5种矿石类型,并对其物理化学性质进行了测试.结果表明沸石结构稳定,对阳离子吸收能力较强.另外对矿床的形成环境、物质来源及形成机理进行了探讨,认为该矿床主要属火山沉积矿床.     

资源、人口与产业结构对广东区域经济的影响

分析全省不同地区的区域特点、人口素质及产业结构,认为自然资源的基础作用、政策的导向作用造成省内经济发展的不平衡及人口素质和产业结构的分化,这种分化又反过来影响了经济的发展,加剧了这种不平衡.当经济发展到一定阶段后政府有责任、义务和条件促进区域协调发展,因为市场机制并不具有自动削减贫富差距、促进社会公平的功能,要实现市场导向作用下的区域经济协调发展,离不开地方政府对市场的合理调控.