长江流域持续发展的态势、问题及对策研究

通过研究长江流域经济的持续快速健康发展,上中下游的协调发展,产业结构的优化和产业政策的实施,外向型经济发展,基础产业和基础设施的发展与合理布局,大中小城市协调发展和城乡一体化,自然资源的合理开发利用,生态环境的治理与保护,分析了长江流域持续发展的基本态势,存在的主要问题,并提出对策。     

极谱法测定天然矿泉水及地下水中痕量锡

将天然矿泉水或地下水水样蒸干浓缩后,于盐酸-碘化钾-硫氰酸钾-钒酸铵底液中,峰电位为-0.15V处(对银片电极)测定锡的导数波,结果表明,本法灵敏、快速、操作方便,重现性好,最低检出限1.2μg/l,锡的回收率为93.5％-110.0％。     

Improving settlement selection for small-scale maps using data enrichment and machine learning

Acquiring and formalizing cartographic knowledge still is a challenge, especially when the generalization process concerns small-scale maps. We concentrate on the settlement selection process for small-scale maps, with the aim of rendering it more holistic, and making methodological contributions in four areas. First, we show how written specifications and rules can be validated against the actual published map products, thus pointing to gaps and potential improvements. Second, we use data enrichment based on supplementing information extracted from point-of-interest data in order to assign functional importance to particular settlements. Third, we use machine learning (ML) algorithms to infer additional rules from existing maps, thus making explicit the deep knowledge of cartographers and allowing to extend the cartographic rule set. And fourth, we show how the results of ML can be transformed into human-readable form for potential use in the guidelines of national mapping agencies. We use the case of settlement selection in the small-scale maps published by the Polish national mapping agency (GUGiK). However, we believe that the methods and findings of this paper can be adapted to other environments with minor modifications.     

东海盆地丽水凹陷古新统微量元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

通过对丽水凹陷近些年完钻的多口探井开展微量元素地球化学分析,系统探讨了研究区古新统古盐度、古气候、古水深、氧化还原环境以及古生产力特征,为厘清凹陷内优质烃源岩形成及发育主控因素起到积极作用。研究认为,丽水凹陷古新统离物源区较近,相对富集Li、Ti、V、Zn、Ga、Rb、Ba、Hf、Th元素,Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Sr、Nb、Zr、Ta、U元素则相对亏损（对比岩石圈上地壳微量元素含量）,其母岩主要与酸性岩浆岩有关。 由Li、Sr、Ni、Ga元素含量以及Sr/Ba值指示古新统整体处于淡水-半咸水的环境,水体深度较浅。Sr/Cu值的变化指示古新统气候整体表现为干热的气候条件,但垂向上呈现一定的差异,其中古新统中早期处于炎热干旱的气候条件,晚期则为温湿-干热-温湿的交替变化气候。由Ni/Co、V/Sc以及Mo含量等参数指示古新统处于弱氧化-弱还原的沉积环境。利用Ba元素的生物含量（w(Ba生物)）分析古新统的生产力情况,认为其整体生产力水平较高,具有较高的生烃潜力,尤其是灵峰组生产力最高,勘探潜力较大。古新统烃源岩有机质含量与古生产力参数、氧化还原性参数、古盐度参数之间呈现较好的相关性,指示沉积环境的诸多因素会对凹陷内优质烃源岩的发育起到协同控制作用。     

Natural disasters and economic growth: A meta-analysis

Using more than 750 estimates, we perform a meta-regression analysis of studies examining the relationship between economic growth per capita and natural disasters. The studies considered are very different with respect to the type of disasters considered, the sample of countries and time periods covered, model specification, estimators used and publication outlet. After extensive testing of our results, we conclude that there exists a negative genuine effect of natural disasters on economic growth which is increasing over the period of our analysis. Still, the magnitude differs across disasters included and country sample used. In particular, it turns out that climatic disasters in developing countries have the most significant adverse impact on economic growth. However, we also find some evidence that a part of the negative impact of natural disasters found in these studies is caused by a publication bias.     

离石黄土渗透规律试验研究

基于黄土坡地地质灾害的认识,结合运动学理论与方法,设计一套简易试验装置,对水在非饱和离石黄土中的入渗、富集规律进行初步探讨。试验系统包含降雨、渗流、富集、径流等部分,可较好地模拟大气降水、灌溉水径流、下渗、富集的整个渗透过程。对典型离石黄土进行不同雨强（15 mm、50 mm、70 mm）的降雨入渗模拟试验,得到典型离石黄土的降雨入渗参数（入渗面时态曲线、入渗速率时态曲线）与富集参数（富集量时态曲线、富集速率时态曲线）,对于黄土坡地地质灾害致灾机理研究具有一定的启示。     

Direct detection of ultra-trace vanadium (V) in natural waters by flow-injection chemiluminescence with controlled-reagent-release technology

A new simple, rapid, selective and sensitive analytical procedure based on chemiluminescence (CL) detection is described for the determination of vanadium (V) at sub-nanogram levels in natural waters by use of controlled-reagent- release technology in a flow injection system. The analytical reagents involved in the CL reaction, including luminal and periodate, were both immobilized on anion-exchange resins in a flow injection system. Through water injection, luminol and periodate were eluted from the anion exchange column to generate the chemiluminescence, which was enhanced in the presence of V(V). The increased CL intensity was linear with V(V) concentration in the range from 0.2 to 100 ng mL^− 1. The limit of detection was 60 pg mL^− 1 (3σ) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.45% (n = 5) for a 0.5 ng mL^− 1 V(V). At a flow rate of 2.0 mL min− ¹, including sampling and washing, a typical analytical procedure could be performed in 0.5 min with a RSD of less than 3.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine vanadium in natural waters, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by ion chromatography.     

资源丰度的物元分析

反映资源丰度的各个指标是不相容的 ,因而利用物元分析来对其进行研究是一条比较有效的途径 ,并且计算方法也简单易行。该文通过物元分析 ,全方位地了解各地区的资源丰度 ,对社会经济的可持续发展具有一定的现实意义。笔者所选用的 8种人均自然资源 ,在我国西部地区基本上都属于高丰度区 ,具有资源优势     

防灾减灾问题刍议

对防灾减灾涉及的自然灾害的特征、科学研究与技术、减灾化、综合防御措施、灾后应急救援等问题进行了简要总结概括和初步讨论分析。