Architecture of tunnel valleys in the southeastern North Sea: new insights from high-resolution seismic imaging

Tunnel valleys are assumed to form near the margin of ice sheets. Hence, they can be used to reconstruct the dynamics of former ice margins. The detailed formation and infill of tunnel valleys, however, are still not well understood. Here, we present a dense grid of high-resolution 2D multi-channel reflection seismic data from the German sector of the southeastern North Sea imaging tunnel valleys in very great detail. Three tunnel valley systems were traced over distances ranging between 11 and 21 km. All tunnel valleys are completely filled and buried. They differ in incision depth, incision width and number of incisions. The tunnel valleys cut 130–380 m deep into Neogene, Palaeogene and Cretaceous sediments; they show a lower V-shaped and an upper U-shaped morphology. For individual tunnel valleys, the overall incision direction ranges from east–west to northeast–southwest. Two tunnel valleys intersect at an oblique angle without reuse of the thalweg. These valleys incise into a pre-existing glaciotectonic complex consisting of thrust sheets in the northwest of the study area. The analysis of the glaciotectonic complex and the tunnel valleys leads us to assume that we identified several marginal positions of (pre-)Elsterian ice lobes in the southeastern North Sea.     

复杂地质条件下桩基础施工难点分析

随着北京地区基坑深度及单桩承载力要求的提高,基础施工面在不断向下移动,桩深度也在不断加深,使得施工情况也越来越复杂,如承压水的处理,相对水位的变化、地层的变化、施工设备的选择、场地的局限性等,针对这些问题,以北京地区某工程深桩基施工为例,介绍了承压水条件下,砂层、粉粘土层和卵石层多层互层复杂地质条件下的深桩基现场施工设备的选择和现场管理工作。介绍施工过程中的一些难点、要点及其解决方法。本研究可为类似工程提供参考。     

镁—4,5—二溴苯基荧光酮络合吸附波及其应用

在ＰＨ１０．３的ＮａＢ４Ｏ７－ＮａＯＨ介质中,Ｍｇ＾２＋与４,５－二溴苯基荧光酮形成络合物,于－０．９５Ｖ出现一灵敏的阴极波。Ｍｇ＾２＋的质量浓度在８．２－５８μｇ／Ｌ时与峰电流呈线性关系,检出限为２．１μｇ／Ｌ。     

江西早二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期的岩相古地理

摘　要　根据地层学研究的新进展‚将原乐平组的官山段和下老山段划归茅口阶‚编制了这 一时期的沉积断面图‚并对这一时期的沉积史进行了阐述。     

不同比例尺与介质中化探数据的含量-频数分形研究--以广东大宝山铜多金属矿田为例

应用含量—频数分形方法对广东大宝山矿田不同范围多介质、多比例尺地球化学场进行比较分析研究,认为成矿元素在不同比例尺与介质中呈基本一致的复杂多重分形特点,该特点是区域元素形成规模矿的一个必要条件,但不是充分条件;提出成矿元素连续多重分形的分维值减小转折点所代表的局部异常样品数所占比例在各比例尺采样介质中均大于2%,而非成矿元素该比例值可能远小于1%;拟合精度明显影响含量—频数分形曲线的类型与性质。     

局部复杂场地Rayleigh波传播特性分析的SBFEM模型研究

基于土-结构动力相互作用（SSI）的原理,将求解包含局部复杂地形的散射场问题,分解为规则开挖场地的动刚度、包含复杂构造散射体的动刚度和自由场波动输入3个问题的求解,并依据子结构控制方程,提出了一种高精度的比例边界有限（SBFEM）计算模型。通过计算半圆形河谷和半圆形沉积河谷两个算例,验证了SBFEM计算模型的正确性。较为系统地讨论了矩形峡谷、垂直断层和孤凸山体等常见复杂地形对Rayleigh波场的散射作用。结果表明：峡谷深度、软弱断层破碎带和孤凸山体对Rayleigh波都有一定阻挡作用;峡谷宽度、断层宽度和硬性断层填充物等因素对Rayleigh波散射作用影响不明显。SBFEM分析模型可应用于隔震沟、隔震帷幕设计,对大坝、桥梁等工程的选址提供有益的建议。     

冬季高海拔复杂地形下GRAPES Meso要素预报的检验评估

利用GRAPES(Globe/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)对2010年温哥华奥运会6个场馆气温、相对湿度、风及降水量的预报结果,采用预报准确率、平均误差、平均绝对误差、Alpha Index、TS和ETS评分等统计量对其进行了较详细的评估。结果表明:GRAPESMeso预报相对湿度的准确率最高,且随预报时效的增加,其变化趋于稳定。起初模式对相对湿度的预报偏干,之后逐渐变为预报偏湿;气温预报偏低;风速预报偏大。逐日各要素预报检验结果表明,气温的变化幅度最小;各级降水检验发现,晴雨预报的TS评分最高,且随降水增大,ETS评分逐渐接近TS。与其他模式预报结果对比发现,GRAPES-Meso对复杂地形下要素预报还存在一定的不足。本研究还发现,模式存在一定的系统误差,若能有效订正其误差,将有助于改进模式预报。     

Eddy Covariance Tilt Corrections over a Coastal Mountain Area in South-east China: Significance for Near-Surface Turbulence Characteristics

Turbulence characteristics of an atmospheric surface layer over a coastal mountain area were investigated under different coordinate frames.Performances of three methods of coordinate rotation:double rotation(DR),triple rotation(TR),and classic planar-fit rotation(PF) were examined in terms of correction of eddy covariance flux.Using the commonly used DR and TR methods,unreasonable rotation angles are encountered at low wind speeds and cause significant run-to-run errors of some turbulence characteristics.The PF method rotates the coordinate system to an ensemble-averaged plane,and shows large tilt error due to an inaccurate fit plane over variable terrain slopes.In this paper,we propose another coordinate rotation scheme.The observational data were separated into two groups according to wind direction.The PF method was adapted to find an ensemble-averaged streamline plane for each group of hourly runs with wind speed exceeding 1.0 m s 1.Then,the coordinate systems were rotated to their respective bestfit planes for all available hourly observations.We call this the PF10 method.The implications of tilt corrections for the turbulence characteristics are discussed with a focus on integral turbulence characteristics,the spectra of wind-velocity components,and sensible heat and momentum fluxes under various atmospheric stabilities.Our results show that the adapted application of PF provides greatly improved estimates of integral turbulence characteristics in complex terrain and maintains data quality.The comparisons of the sensible heat fluxes for four coordinate rotation methods to fluxes before correction indicate that the PF10 scheme is the best to preserve consistency between fluxes.     

ROTATED COMPLEX EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION(RCEOF)ANALYSIS:THEORY AND EXAMPLES—PART I

In this paper,a new diagnostic method,the rotated complex empirical orthogonal function(RCEOF)analysis is developed.The general principle and the mathematical foundation of RCEOFare discussed.     

叠前偏移技术在中原复杂断块区的应用

随着油气勘探开发的不断深入及相关学科的发展,复杂地质构造成像与地震岩性成像已成为急需解决的课题.针对中原复杂断块区地震资料的特点,对速度场的建立、叠前偏移中关键参数的选取以及偏移方法展开了深入细致的研究.通过叠前偏移技术在中原油田的应用,结果表明了该技术的有效性.