准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组优质烃源岩特征及其生烃机制研究

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组发育凝灰物质,凝灰物质在页岩油形成过程中具有的重要作用,其发育层段也是页岩油分布最好的层段,凝灰物质的分布及与有机质生烃关系的研究对于吉木萨尔页岩油油气成藏规律的认识和深入研究具有重要意义。本文通过对吉木萨尔芦草沟组烃源岩精细评价及沉积环境分析,与烃类活动具有成因关系的成岩矿物解剖,探讨了形成优质页岩油源岩的控制因素和生烃机制。烃源岩定性评价结果表明,泥晶白云岩是吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组主要生油岩,烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ_1型为主,生烃潜力较好,R_o值分布在0.6%～1.1%,C_(29)αααS/(S+R)值范围在0.3～0.5,显示烃源岩处于成熟阶段;芦草沟组烃源岩中规则甾烷C_(27)、C_(28)、C_(29)分布为C_(27)C_(28)C_(29),结合微观分析认为其生烃母质以藻类和超微生物为主,Ts/Tm值较低,分布在0.05～0.18,具有高含量的β-胡萝卜烷,反映其母质处于半咸水的弱氧化—弱还原的沉积环境之中,而这一时期火山活动提供的凝灰物质对烃源岩的生烃环境及热演化进程都有重要影响,热演化突然增大的层段与有机质成熟的"甜点段"的分布深度一致。凝灰物质与含超微生物及藻类的泥晶白云岩的混合是导致生烃和早期生烃的重要原因,两者混合的不均一性导致页岩油分布与成熟度的不均匀性。     

黔北正安地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气地质特征及有利区预测

为明确黔北正安地区上奥陶统五峰组至下志留统龙马溪组的页岩气地质特征,充分应用页岩气地质调查、重磁电、二维地震、地质调查井及测试分析等工作方法,开展黔北正安地区1:5万页岩气基础地质调查,对五峰组至龙马溪组富有机质页岩的分布、沉积环境、有机地球化学、岩石矿物、储集性能及含气性等特征进行分析研究,结果表明: 研究区五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质页岩为深水陆棚相沉积,主要分布有安场向斜、斑竹向斜和泥高向斜,厚度14.5~55 m,埋深0~3 200 m; 有机碳(TOC)含量1.0%~4.0%,有机质镜质体反射率(R_o)为1.82%~2.23%,有机质类型以Ⅰ型干酪根为主; 岩石主要由石英、长石和黏土矿物组成,脆性矿物含量高,一般大于50%; 孔隙度为2.03%~3.89%,渗透率为0.35×10^-5~1.86×10^-5μm²,表现为低孔、特低渗的特征; 最高含气量为2.88 m³/t,显示出较好的含气性特征。综合分析和评价圈出3个页岩气聚集有利区,分别为安场区块、斑竹区块和泥高区块,这为研究区页岩气进一步勘探开发指明了方向。     

Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate

The sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression was established based on detailed sequence stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis by utilizing the logging and core data of six wells drilled in the eastern tectonic unit of Zhoukou Depression. It was divided into three third-order sequences, namely SQs1, SQs2, and SQs3 from bottom to top. Each sequence can be divided into a transgressive system tract (TST) and a highstand system tract (HST). Furthermore, four sequence boundaries and three maximum flooding surfaces were identified, and they are the bottom interface SBs and maximum flooding surface mfss1 of SQs1, the bottom interface SBs1 and maximum flooding surface mfss2 of SQs2, the bottom interface SBs3 and maximum flooding surface mfss3 of SQs3, and the top interface SBx from bottom to top. Carbonate tidal flat –clastic tidal flat sedimentary system developed in Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression (also referred to as the study area) under the control of regression. Meanwhile, four sedimentary microfacies were identified in the sedimentary system, which are lime-mud flats, sand flats, mixed flats, and mud flats. The transgression in the study area occurred from the southeast to the northwest. Therefore, the northwestern part is the seaward side, and the southeastern part is the landward side. As revealed by relevant drilling data, SQs1 of the Shanxi Formation is characterized by the development of limestone and carbonaceous mudstone, with limestone, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone mainly developing. Meanwhile, lime-mud flats were mainly deposited in it. During the periods of SQs2 and SQs3, the sedimentary environment of the study area changed from the carbonate tidal flats to clastic tidal flats as the coastline migrated towards the sea. In these periods, sand flats mainly developed near the maximum flooding surfaces and were relatively continuous in the eastern and southern parts of the transgressive system tract; mixed flats were relatively continuous in the western and northern parts of the transgressive system tract as well as the eastern and southern parts of the highstand system tract; mud flats widely developed in the highstand system tract. Peat flats mainly developed in the period of HSTs2, with coal seams relatively developing in the southeastern part of the study area as revealed by drilling data. The peat flats in SQs2 are favorable hydrocarbon source layers, the lime-mud flats in SQs1 and sand flats formed in the transgression periods of SQs2 and SQs3 constitute favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the mud flats form in the transgressions periods serve as favorable cap rocks. Therefore, the study area features a reservoir-cap assemblage for self-generating and self-storing of hydrocarbon, and the southeastern part of the study area can be taken as a favorable exploration area.     

伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组湖泊水下扇沉积特征

本文详细研究了伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组沉积类型,并将该区湖泊水下扇的岩相组成划分为5种类型：经典浊积岩相、块状砂岩相、砾质砂岩相、颗粒支撑砾岩相、基质支撑砾岩相;将湖泊水下扇划分为内扇、中扇、外扇三个亚相,对各亚相进一步划分了若干微相。湖泊水下扇沉积为该区地层的主要沉积特征,在垂向上具有进积型和退积型两种类型。     

Rhuddanian to Aeronian (Llandovery,early Silurian) carbon isotope stratigraphy throughout carbonate sequences in the upper Yangtze region,South China block

The Xiangshuyuan Formation (middle Rhuddanian to middle Aeronian stages of the Llandovery Series, lower Silurian) records a shelly fauna representing recovery after the end-Ordovician mass extinction in a well-oxygenated shallow carbonate platform of the Upper Yangtze region, South China Block. Carbon isotope stratigraphy is documented from limestone sequences of the formation at the Qiankou section, northeast Guizhou. The early Aeronian carbon isotope excursion (EACIE, with an amplitude of about 2 ‰ and peak value of 2.44 ‰) is identified in the middle and upper parts of the formation (Ozarkodina obesa conodont Biozone). The EACIE recorded herein correlates well with those in Baltica, Canada, and the United States; together with its records from organic material (δ¹³C_org) the data verify that the EACIE is a global event. The beginning of the EACIE can be used as a chemostratigraphic marker defining the Rhuddanian/Aeronian boundary in strata that lack high-resolution biostratigraphic constraints.     

东昆仑二叠系格曲组火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

东昆仑古特提斯造山带经历了从洋壳俯冲到陆-陆碰撞及后碰撞伸展的造山过程,但对古特提斯洋闭合时间一直存在争议,争论的焦点集中在晚二叠世格曲组沉积盆地原型及中上二叠统之间不整合关系代表的构造事件。本文对东昆仑红石山地区格曲组火山岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学与岩石地球化学研究,结果表明,岩石富集Rb、Th、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE)而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素(HFSE),具有大陆岩浆弧的地球化学特征。火山岩具有高Ba/Th比值(53.6)、Th/Ce比值(0.23)、Nb/Ta比值(18.35)及低Dy/Yb比值(1.42),表明晚二叠世火山岩由枕状玄武岩和洋底沉积物等洋壳物质俯冲至60 km左右深度时熔融所形成。锆石U-Pb定年表明,格曲组下部碎屑岩段流纹质凝灰岩和英安质沉凝灰岩206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为(257.5±2.5)Ma和(256.2±4.8)Ma,上部灰岩段粗安质晶屑凝灰岩206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(251.8±2.3) Ma。结合区域上已报道的格曲组及花岗岩研究成果,认为古特提斯洋在晚二叠世开始向北俯冲消减,沉积于弧前盆地的格曲组为古特提斯...     

塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组沉积体系及沉积模式

通过对塔里木盆地众多野外剖面详细观测及钻井岩心的详细观察,研究区下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组主要沉积一套以砂、泥岩为主的碎屑岩,根据岩性特征、生物标志和地球物理特征,将塔里木盆地塔塔埃尔塔格组划分为滨岸和陆棚沉积体系,滨岸沉积体系进一步划分为无障壁海岸和有障壁潮坪沉积,陆棚沉积体系以浅水陆棚沉积为特征,并就各微相的岩石类型、粒度分布和沉积构造特征进行了详细的研究。在此基础上,分析了塔塔埃尔塔格沉积期的平面展布特征,总体格局为南北向分带,东西向展布为特征。同时建立了塔里木盆地塔塔埃尔塔格组滨岸、潮坪和滨岸－潮坪的沉积模式,在研究区以滨岸－潮坪的沉积模式为主。     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组滨浅湖沉积中的遗迹化石

苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组滨浅湖沉积中动物遗迹化石共鉴定出6个遗迹属8个遗迹种,其中1个为未定种。包括Taenidium barretti、Taenidium satanassi、Beaconites coronus、Cystichnum curvativum、Palaeophycus isp.、Planolites montanus、Skolithos verticalis和Skolithos linearis等。这些遗迹化石主要是无脊椎动物的进食迹和居住迹,呈全浮痕或半浮痕保存。根据组合特征及沉积环境分析,可识别出两个遗迹化石组合:1）Taenidium—Beaconites遗迹组合,主要由具新月型回填纹构造的进食迹组成,反映了周期性干旱气候条件下的滨浅湖沉积环境;2）Skolithos linearis遗迹组合,主要由居住潜穴组成,代表了三角洲平原—前缘沉积环境。生物扰动根据扰动特点,可分为三种类型,即1）均一型,反映了湖平面缓慢上升之后较长时间保持稳定;2）增强型,反映了湖平面整体稳定条件下的小幅度快速上升,然后保持稳定和缓慢下降;3）复合型,反映了湖平面先缓慢上升,然后缓慢下降。三角洲平原-前缘分支河道沉积序列中遗迹化石的类型、丰度、分异度和扰动指数垂向上呈规律性的变化,结合其沉积学特征分析,可分为四个沉积单元,每个沉积单元的内部物理成因构造和生物成因构造明显不同。     

湖北宜昌震旦系陡山沱组储层特征及复杂体积压裂效果评价

鄂阳页2 HF井是国内首口针对震旦系陡山沱组的页岩气水平井,该井钻遇的陡山沱组页岩厚度大,岩石脆性好,含气性好且天然裂缝发育,具备良好的压裂改造基础.针对陡山沱组储层"高云质、地层常压、水平应力差异大、隔夹层发育"等压裂改造难点,通过采用"密分切割、多簇射孔、转向压裂"等复杂裂缝体积压裂工艺,采取变排量、暂堵转向、停泵...     

Timing and development of sedimentation of the Cleaverville Formation and a post‐accretion pull‐apart system in the Cleaverville area,coastal Pilbara Terrane,Pilbara, Western Australia

In the Cleaverville area of Western Australia, the Regal, Dixon Island, and Cleaverville Formations preserve a Mesoarchean lower‐greenschist‐facies volcano‐sedimentary succession in the coastal Pilbara Terrane. These formations are distributed in a rhomboidal‐shaped area and are unconformably overlain by two narrowly distributed shallow‐marine sedimentary sequences: the Sixty‐Six Hill and Forty‐Four Hill Members of the Lizard Hills Formation. The former member is preserved within the core of the Cleaverville Syncline and the latter formed along the northeast‐trending Eighty‐Seven Fault. Based on the metamorphic grade and structures, two deformation events are recognized: D₁ resulted in folding caused by a collisional event, and D₂ resulted in regional sinistral strike‐slip deformation. A previous study reported that the Cleaverville Formation was deposited at 3020 Ma, after the Prinsep Orogeny (3070–3050 Ma). Our SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages show that: (i) graded volcaniclastic–felsic tuff within the black shale sequence below the banded iron formation in the Cleaverville Formation yields an age of (3 114 ±14) Ma; (ii) the youngest zircons in sandstones of the Sixty‐Six Hill Member, which unconformably overlies pillow basalt of the Regal Formation, yield ages of 3090–3060 Ma; and (iii) zircons in sandstones of the Forty‐Four Hill Member show two age peaks at 3270 Ma and 3020 Ma. In this way, the Cleaverville Formation was deposited at 3114–3060 Ma and was deformed at 3070–3050 Ma (D₁). Depositional age of the Cleaverville Formation is at least 40–90 Myr older than that proposed in previous studies and pre‐dates the Prinsep Orogeny (3070–3050 Ma). After 3020 Ma, D₂ resulted in the formation of a regional strike‐slip pull‐apart basin in the Cleaverville area. The lower‐greenschist‐facies volcano‐sedimentary rocks are distributed only within this basin structure. This strike‐slip deformation was synchronous with crustal‐scale sinistral shear deformation (3000–2930 Ma) in the Pilbara region.