山东东营凹陷新生代天文地层表简介

综合山东东营凹陷郝科1等6口井的天文地层研究结果提出"东营凹陷新生代天文地层表",表中列出的是"国际地层表(2004)"、"中国区域年代地层表(2000)"和0—65Ma期间天文偏心率405ka周期编号以及东营凹陷孔店组(顶部)至平原组各组的年龄以及东营凹陷新生代51Ma以来3个大的地层不整合:1)沙河街组二段下部,大约33.8—33.4Ma期间405ka周期振幅不明显、100ka周期较强,与南大西洋33.4—33.7Ma和热带太平洋33.6—33.7Ma期间沉积物中显著转折等特征可作对比;2)东营组-馆陶组界线上下,东营组三角洲顶面最后萎缩时间约为24.467Ma,推测由此至渐新世末(23.03Ma),大约近1.5Myr期间本区没有大的湖泊,而是冲积—河流相沉积,中新世初(23.03Ma)快速隆起,直到约18—16Ma开始馆下段的上部沉积,这一区域性角度不整合面形成大约持续5—7Myr;3)上新统-更新统界线上下,根据本区东辛2-4井古地磁和天文地层研究,测出布容、松山、高斯和吉尔伯特等4个极性时,求出2.546Ma—1.806Ma期间[明上(上)亚段顶]可能沉积并剥蚀过的地层厚度为129m;1.806—0.908Ma期间,因构造活动本区上升成为高山,第四系平一段底部形成了大的不整合面。     

黔北下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩的生物标志物特征和沉积环境

为研究黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩母质来源和沉积环境,开展了生物标志化合物分析,结果表明：④正构烷烃OEP接近1．0,无明显奇偶优势,受轻微生物降解影响,正构烷烃多表现为双峰型（c18／c25）,（nC2＋nC22）／（nC28＋nC29）值为0．54～1．01,显示重烃组分占绝对优势;Pr／Ph值范围在0．51-0．82之间,具有植烷优势。②烃源岩样品组成相对丰度五环三萜烷〉5-g,萜烷〉四环萜烷,三环萜烷中C21、C23、C24呈倒V字形分布,Ts／（Tm＋Ts）为0．45-0．50。⑧C27规则甾烷／c∞规则甾烷略小于1或者接近1．芳烃化合物DBT／P为0．05-0．09。根据这些特征并结合干酪根同位素及正构烷烃同位素组成和变化规律,认为该区域下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩形成于浅海还原环境,且有机质主要来源于细菌、藻类等低等水生生物,有机质热演化程度较高。根据常量、微量元素指标并结合有机地化指标刻划出从灯影组到牛蹄塘组和明心寺组沉积时期的水体环境,将牛蹄塘组烃源岩的形成分为3个阶段。第一阶段为早寒武世初始快速海侵阶段,第二阶段为深水还原高有机质产力阶段,第三阶段为海水缓慢变浅高有机质产力阶段,而到了明心寺组沉积时期为浅水氧化非烃源岩阶段。     

Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest,Idaho/Montana: Part I—Estimation of the copper and silver endowments

Faced with an ever-increasing diversity of demand for the use of public lands, managers and planners are turning more often to a multiple-use approach to meet those demands. This approach requires the uses to be mutually compatible and to utilize the more valuable attributes or resource values of the land. Therefore, it is imperative that planners be provided with all available information on attribute and resource values in a timely fashion and in a format that facilitates a comparative evaluation.The Kootenai National Forest administration enlisted the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines to perform a quantitative assessment of future copper/silver production potential within the forest from sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Revett Formation that are similar to those being mined at the Troy Mine near Spar Lake. The U.S. Geological Survey employed a quantitative assessment technique that compared the favorable host terrane in the Kootenai area with worldwide examples of known sediment-hosted copper deposits. The assessment produced probabilistic estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits that may be present in the area and of the copper and silver endowment that might be contained in them.Results of the assessment suggest that the copper/silver deposit potential is highest in the southwestern one-third of the forest. In this area there is an estimated 50 percent probability of at least 50 additional deposits occurring mostly within approximately 260,000 acres where the Revett Formation is thought to be present in the subsurface at depths of less than 1,500 meters. A Monte Carlo type simulation using data on the grade and tonnage characteristics of other known silver-rich, sediment-hosted copper deposits predicts a 50 percent probability that these undiscovered deposits will contain at least 19 million tonnes of copper and 100,000 tonnes of silver. Combined with endowments estimated for identified, but not thoroughly explored deposits, and deposits that might also occur in the remaining area of the forest, the endowment potential increases to 23 million tonnes of copper and 190,000 tonnes of silver.     

Discovery of 2Obaichthyidae gars (Holostei,Ginglymodi, Lepisosteiformes) in the Aptian Codó Formation of the Parnaíba Basin: Remarks on paleobiogeographical and temporal range

Here we report the first 2obaichthyid gar from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Codó Formation of the Parnaíba Basin, Northeastern Brazil. It shows the following obaichthyid characters: numerous odontods firmly attached to the outer surface of the dermal bones, free and mobile maxilla, presence of interopercle, lack of contact between the metapterygoid and ectopterygoid, absence of lacrimomaxillary bones, and a prominent spine at the posterior margin of the scales. Due to the presence of scales bearing a prominent ventral posterior spine and a number of additional posterior marginal spines, the fish from the Codó Formation is noticeably the same species found in the Albian Santana Formation of the Araripe Basin, Dentilepisosteus laevis. Although probably restricted to fresh or brackish water, the new discovery adds one more taxon to the assemblages found in the Parnaíba and the Araripe basins. The new record extends the temporal range of this species down into the Aptian (about ∼10 myr older than the previous occurrence).     

依兰盆地达连河组油页岩成矿模式及类型

提要：达连河油页岩含矿区位于黑龙江省依兰地区,该区是一个半地堑式断陷盆地。古近系达连河组为一个完整的三级层序,油页岩形成于水进体系域和高水位体系域发育时期。本文认为达连河组油页岩存在两种成矿模式,即湖泊-沼泽相油页岩成矿模式、浅湖相-半深湖相油页岩成矿模式;不同成矿类型油页岩分布于层序的不同体系域,古地貌型、沉积密集段型油页岩成矿常分布于水进体系域,沉积密集段型、气候型油页岩成矿位于高水位体系域。     

冀北宽城中元古界杨庄组地球化学特征

为分析碳酸盐岩地球化学特征对地层及层序界线、沉积环境的影响,选取冀北宽城中元古界杨庄组剖面进行了实测。冀北宽城中元古界杨庄组常量、微量元素和碳、氧同位素在纵向上具有特征的演变规律,特别是在岩石地层界线与层序界面附近变化明显。CaO含量从杨庄组一段到二段为21.07%～16.45%,从二段至三段则为16.45%～24.21%,Sr、Ba含量分别从杨庄组底部向上由44.59×10-6突变至98.16×10-6和0.51×10-6至10.45×10-6,δ13C值在0‰～-1.5‰之间变化,δ18O在-3.5‰～-8.5‰之间变化。上述常量、微量元素及碳、氧同位素组成、变化与同时期海平面变化基本一致,表明地球化学特征可作为划分地层界面或层序界面的标志,特别是可以优化地层界线或层序界线。杨庄组CaO/MgO、Sr/Ba及V、Rb、Be、B等组成和演化研究表明,杨庄组形成于干热气候下的近岸浅水环境。     

塔中地区良里塔格组海平面变化对高频层序和沉积演化的控制

【研究目的】碳酸盐岩地层易受海平面变化影响而发育高频层序,但是反映海平面变化的地化指标的精度不足,导致高频层序对海平面振荡的响应认识不够深入,高频海平面变化对台地边缘礁滩沉积的高频层序和沉积演化的控制尚不明确。【研究方法】论文研究选取塔里木盆地塔中地区某钻井的上奥陶统良里塔格组连续取心资料,通过密集取样开展微相分析和碳、氧同位素测试分析。【研究结果】该井良里塔格组中上部发育7种微相类型,沉积演化分析表明良里塔格组沉积中—晚期,沉积环境由潮坪向生物礁-颗粒滩再到较深水的开阔台地演化。碳、氧同位素测试显示δ¹³C为0.5993‰~1.6228‰（均值1.139‰）,δ¹⁸O值为-8.3608‰~-5.1452‰（均值为-6.790‰）;δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O的振荡变化与微相变化和沉积旋回对应良好。古海洋条件分析表明,良里塔格组沉积时期气候温热,礁、滩体发育层段样品的古温度值最高,代表着高的碳酸盐产率;Z值所反映的古盐度在底部潮坪沉积段最高,在高频旋回的顶部古盐度均明显减小,指示可能存在大气淡水的影响。与塔北地区南缘和巴楚地区的δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O存在一定差异,主要受控于沉积环境和古水深。【结论】良里塔格组中—上部存在至少3个完整的海平面升降变化周期,内部又包括至少2个次级周期;不同级别的海平面振荡主要受古气候变化驱动,并控制了高频层序的发育。海平面先缓慢上升再持续稳定或小规模振荡,是连续厚层的生物碎屑和砂屑颗粒滩沉积发育的有利条件;良里塔格组沉积晚期海平面快速上升,沉积环境向滩间洼地和较深水的开阔台地转变。在高频层序顶部海平面的小规模下降导致的早期岩溶作用是礁滩体储层质量改善的重要因素。     

马里亚纳弧前区锥形海山岩石学及成因

锥形海山是马里亚纳弧前区非火山成因的海山。它是由俯冲的太平洋板块对仰冲板块的上推作用,地壳下的上地幔物质底辟侵入的结果。海山顶部的岩石是由蛇纹石化超镁铁质方辉橄榄岩组成。其主要矿物成分为斜方辉石、橄榄石、尖晶石、磁铁矿、蛇纹石和碳酸盐。手标本呈显晶质块状构造,薄片中呈粒状、残留状、筛网状及斑状变晶结构。岩石化学特征表现为:低Si和Al,高M/F值,含水,亏损了所有过渡金属。岩石的成因属超基性岩浆直接结晶,后经海水的参入,在热液作用下普遍发生蛇纹石化和碳酸盐化。     

从辽宁东、西部地质对比论郯庐断裂的平移运动

辽宁东、西部地质上诸多差异并非是原地升降运动造成的，而是二个异地岩块经郯庐断裂大规模左旋平移运动迁移到一起的结果。辽东半岛原曾与鲁西－徐淮地区处于相同的古纬度。郯庐断裂北延的主干断裂应是抚顺－敦化断裂，它在辽宁境内是地层区划的重要界线。郯庐断裂在太古宙末期即已出现，曾多次变换其平移方向，最近一次大规模左行平移活动的高峰期是在晚侏罗世晚期－早白垩世，结束于孙家湾组或泉头组堆积之前。     

对二郎坪群火神庙组物质组成的质疑与再认识

经研究证明，前人建立的二郎坪群火神庙组确有少量的亚碱性双峰式火山岩。这些火山岩零星地分布在几个地区，走向不连续，出露宽度一般为数百米。构成该组主体的是一条规模宏伟的侵入岩带，其岩石组合为辉长岩－闪长岩－石英闪长岩－斜长花岗岩－花岗岩，总体上表现为正序岩浆演化序列。这些侵入岩普遍经历了三个阶段的变形变质作用，即第一阶段为韧性变形；第二阶段为静态重结晶；第三阶段为带状褶劈理，表现了复杂而漫长的构造演化史。