南堡凹陷北部东营末期构造应力场与油气运移关系的探讨

依据翔实的勘探开发资料 ,利用构造应力场数值模拟方法 ,计算了南堡凹陷新生代东营末期构造应力场的分布特征 ;进而计算出流体势的分布特征 ;探讨了应力作用对油气运移的影响 ,分析了地应力与孔隙压力和流体势的关系 ;指出了油气运移的优选方向。     

查干凹陷早白垩世碎屑岩储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

在对大量薄片和岩心观察分析基础上,结合扫描电镜和全岩分析、 X衍射粘土分析、 包裹体测温等手段,对查干凹陷碎屑岩储层的成岩作用和孔隙演化进行了研究。结果表明: 研究区碎屑岩储层主要为低成分成熟度、 低结构成熟度的长石岩屑砂岩,成岩作用呈现“强压实、 强胶结、 弱交代、 弱溶蚀“的“两强两弱”特征;成岩阶段主要处于中成岩A期,局部达中成岩B期至晚成岩期。两期胶结主要发生在苏二早期和乌兰苏海时期,中浅层（<2 500 m）较低孔隙度主要由于强压实和早期致密胶结所致;较高孔隙度是由于原生孔隙保存较好,长石及碳酸盐胶结物的溶蚀作用导致孔隙度增大。深层碎屑岩储层（>2 500 m）较低孔隙度除压实作用外,碳酸盐致密胶结是主因;较高孔隙度则为早期酸性溶蚀叠加晚期碱性溶蚀产生次生孔隙为主。晚期碱性溶蚀发生在油气充注之后,为无效溶孔。     

Effect of sea-level lowering on ELA depression during the LGM

Decreases in equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) varied geographically during the last glacial maximum (LGM), with a mid-range value of ~ 900 m commonly deduced from altitude ratio and accumulation–area ratio calculations. Sea level, however, was 120 m lower during the LGM, so the ELA lowering relative to sea level would only be 780 m for a 900-m absolute lowering. With a lapse rate of 0.006°C m⁻¹, this implies a 4.7°C lowering of global temperature. It has been argued that this correction for sea-level change is unnecessary, but the logic on which this is based requires adiabatic compression to apply over much longer time scales than is typically invoked. We find that the correction is necessary. In addition, geometric changes in the atmosphere during the LGM, pointed out by Osmaston (2006), could lead to 0.4°C decrease in the average temperature of the troposphere. Additionally, orographic effects could significantly change the snow distribution on mountain masses near sea level.     

东濮拗陷地区地震震相特征分析

东濮拗陷位于河北平原地震带东南部，南邻河淮地震带，东与郯庐地震带相望。东濮拗陷受控于新北东向的聊兰断裂、黄河断裂和长垣断裂，对该区的地质构造特征、地震特征、震相特征等进行了研究。指出，东濮拗陷区的地震属浅源地震，该区有康氏面存在，地震台可记到清晰的康氏面反射波P^＊。     

山西断陷带地震矩释放现象特征研究

对山西及邻区22次ML≥5.0地震前不同时间尺度的累积benioff应变释放特征进行分析,认为约55％的地震震前存在地震矩加速释放现象;同时对地震矩释放异常空间区与主震间的关系进行分析,结果表明,在震前1年内大部分地震震中附近出现大范围椭圆形的地震矩低值区域,且主震震中位于异常区内部或边缘.由此认为,地震矩加速释放现象...     

河南省沉积盆地区五大构造单元地热地质特征

河南省沉积盆地区是地热资源的主要赋存区.河南省有11个省辖市市区和60多个县城分布于沉积盆地区五大构造单元内.对五大构造单元524眼地热井研究分析显示,不同构造单元地热井的分布密度不均,地热井的取水段深度相差较大.五大构造单元平均取水段深度为这些地区施工地热井深度确定提供了依据.五大构造单元地热井分布密度统计表明,有三大构造单元地热井分布密度小于0.9眼/100 km2,具有较大的开发空间.     

生态环境破坏对岩溶洼地内涝的影响— — 以马山古寨乡为例

岩溶石山区的生态环境破坏主要表现为植被破坏、水土流失和石漠化、地下河系统淤塞等,它们的生态水文效应对岩溶洼地内涝的影响,既独立发挥作用,又组成因果链而共同发挥作用。本文以广西马山县古寨乡为例,分析了森林植被破坏引发的水土流失、水土流失导致地下河系统淤积和堵塞,以及由此而引发的岩溶洼地内涝灾害。      

羌塘盆地侏罗系展布重力反演预测及蒸发岩沉积洼陷优选评价

利用露头和岩心物性的统计资料和对羌塘盆地统一改算后的1∶50万重力资料的波谱结构分析,应用匹配滤波法分离出羌塘盆地6个构造层。通过带地形的重力反演法计算了侏罗系构造层顶底界面深度及构造层厚度,预测了羌北坳陷中5个沉积洼陷和羌南坳陷中4个沉积洼陷。这9个侏罗纪洼陷分布在中央隆起带的南北两侧,羌北坳陷侏罗纪沉积岩以海陆过渡相蒸发盐岩为主,沉积体量比羌南坳陷略小。结合地面岩矿地层分析、湖水和泉水化学测试分析和卫星遥感图像解译资料综合评价认为,羌北坳陷比羌南坳陷具有更有利的蒸发岩沉积条件,初步预测羌北坳陷QB2和QB3洼陷为一级有利的含钾沉积洼陷,羌南坳陷QN1和QN2洼陷为二级有利的含钾沉积洼陷。     

徐家围子断陷不同储量丰度气藏形成条件的定量研究

为了定量研究徐家围子断陷不同储量丰度气藏形成条件,利用气藏解剖和成藏条件时空匹配关系对该断陷气藏形成的主控因素、形成条件和储量丰度进行了研究,得到源岩供气能力、断裂输导天然气能力和封盖保存能力是气藏形成的3个主控因素。沙河子组源岩供气能力以较好和差为主,断裂输导天然气能力以好为主,封盖保存能力也以好为主。气藏形成条件综合评价以中等气藏为最多,其次是形成条件为好的气藏,差形成条件的气藏最少。气藏以中等储量丰度为主,高和低储量丰度气藏较少;二者之间为正比关系。要形成高储量丰度的气藏,气藏形成条件综合评价应为好等级;要形成中等储量丰度的气藏,气藏形成条件综合评价应为中等等级。     

Soil partitioning and surface store controls on spring runoff from a boreal forest peatland basin in north‐central Manitoba,Canada

The mid‐ to high‐boreal forest in Canada occupies the discontinuous permafrost zone, and is often underlain by glaciolacustrine sediments mantled by a highly porous organic mat. The result is a poorly drained landscape dominated by wetlands. Frost‐table dynamics and surface storage conditions help to control runoff contributions from various landscape elements, hydrological linkages between these elements, and basin streamflow during spring snowmelt. Runoff components and pathways in a forested peatland basin were assessed during two spring snowmelts with contrasting input and basin conditions. Runoff from relatively intense melt (up to 16 mm day^?1) on slopes with limited soil thawing combined with large pre‐melt storage in surface depressions to produce high flows composed primarily of meltwater (78% of the 0·29 m³ s^?1 peak discharge) routed over wetland surfaces and through permeable upper peat layers. Melt intensity was less in the subsequent year (maximum of 10 mm day^?1) and active layer development was relatively greater (0·2 m deeper at the end of spring melt), resulting in less slope runoff. Coupling of reduced slope contributions with lower storage levels in basin wetlands led to relatively subdued streamflows dominated by older water (73% of the 0·09 m³ s^?1 peak discharge) routed through less‐permeable deeper peat layers and mineral soil. Interannual differences in runoff conditions provide important insight for the development of distributed hydrological models for boreal forest basins and into potential influences on biogeochemical cycling in this landscape under a warming climate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.