两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地的适用性

基于ASD（automated statistical downscaling）统计降尺度模型提供的多元线性回归和岭回归两种统计降尺度方法,采用RCP4.5（representative concentration pathways 4.5）和RCP8.5情景下全球气候模式MPI-ESM-LR输出的预报因子数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和秦岭山地周边10个气象站观测数据,评估两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地的适用性及预估秦岭山地未来3个时期（2006-2040年、2041-2070年和2071-2100年）的平均气温和降水。结果表明:率定期和验证期内,两种统计降尺度方法均可以较好地模拟研究区域的平均气温和降水的变化特征,且多元线性回归的模拟效果优于岭回归。在未来气候情景下,两种统计降尺度方法预估的研究区域平均气温均呈明显上升趋势,气温增幅随辐射强迫增加而增大。降水方面,21世纪未来3个时期降水均呈不明显减少趋势,但季节分配发生变化。综合考虑两种统计降尺度方法在秦岭山地对平均气温和降水的模拟效果和情景预估结果,认为多元线性回归降尺度方法更适用于秦岭山地气候变化的降尺度预估研究。     

南岭大型真菌多样性

文章介绍了南岭大型真菌多样性研究概况,列举了37种以南岭为模式产地的大型真菌物种的拉丁学名、中文学名和生境及分布,对部分错误鉴定或存疑种类进行了注释,对南岭大型真菌优势科属和区系地理成分进行了统计,并对南岭大型真菌资源多样性保护和可持续利用前景进行了分析。加强南岭大型真菌多样性研究与保护不仅具有重要的科学意义,同时对生态系统稳定、区域环境安全和未来产业发展服务具有重要的现实意义。     

Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half-century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory

Glaciers are the most important fresh-water resources in arid and semi-arid regions of western China. According to the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory (SCGI), primarily compiled from Landsat TM/ETM+ images, the Qilian Mountains had 2684 glaciers covering an area of 1597.81±70.30 km2 and an ice volume of ~84.48 km³ from 2005 to 2010. While most glaciers are small (85.66% are <1.0 km²), some larger ones (12.74% in the range 1.0–5.0 km²) cover 42.44% of the total glacier area. The Laohugou Glacier No.12 (20.42 km²) located on the north slope of the Daxue Range is the only glacier >20 km² in the Qilian Mountains. Median glacier elevation was 4972.7 m and gradually increased from east to west. Glaciers in the Qilian Mountains are distributed in Gansu and Qinghai provinces, which have 1492 glaciers (760.96 km²) and 1192 glaciers (836.85 km²), respectively. The Shule River basin contains the most glaciers in both area and volume. However, the Heihe River, the second largest inland river in China, has the minimum average glacier area. A comparison of glaciers from the SCGI and revised glacier inventory based on topographic maps and aerial photos taken from 1956 to 1983 indicate that all glaciers have receded, which is consistent with other mountain and plateau areas in western China. In the past half-century, the area and volume of glaciers decreased by 420.81 km² (–20.88%) and 21.63 km³ (–20.26%), respectively. Glaciers with areas <1.0 km² decreased the most in number and area recession. Due to glacier shrinkage, glaciers below 4000 m completely disappeared. Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains presented a clear longitudinal zonality, i.e., the glaciers rapidly shrank in the east but slowly in the central-west. The primary cause of glacier recession was warming temperatures, which was slightly mitigated with increased precipitation.     

太行山区的一些太古宙地层问题剖析

相关论文对笔者所做狭义阜平群地层年龄的报道所做评论与实际不符,而其厘定地层生成年龄或为Sm-Nd等时值,但却是违背了所需具备的前提条件;或属侵入该群的岩体年龄;或为同侵入体年龄吻合的变质年龄。所述湾子群的碎屑锆石年龄等也为高级变质作用中H2O流体改造的再次均一化值;在空间分布上的亲缘关系也远大于新太古代五台群,并非所倾向的古元古代。赞皇群中部的原红鹤组被分离为古元古代官都群的依据与实际不符,解释有误。所称狭义阜平群最老层位索家庄组的命名地点实为花岗质侵入体所占据,所含麻粒岩为从北区移植至此。《中国地层典》所建阜平群的全部层序己被1/5万区调所改变。     

东昆仑南缘早三叠世洪水川组的源区特征:来自碎屑组成、重矿物和岩石地球化学的证据

分布于东昆仑南缘的早三叠世洪水川组系一套由砾岩、砂岩、页岩和鲕粒灰岩等浅海相和河流相沉积物构成的弧前盆地沉积组合.砂岩碎屑组成、重矿物组合、岩石地球化学和古水流综合研究结果表明,洪水川组砂岩物源主要来自于北侧的岛弧带,同时南侧的阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂带也为其形成提供了部分物源;源区主要出露长英质岩石、变质岩和硅质岩.     

扬子地块东南缘多期构造变形及其油气意义

扬子地块的构造演化及其动力学机制约束着古生代海相油气成藏,而扬子地块东南缘的构造变形特征是理解整个扬子地块构造变形的关键所在.通过对武夷、云开和肇庆地区的构造特征研究,初步划分出扬子地块东南缘的三期重要变形①早古生代末期云开地区NW向剪切变形,武夷山地区ESE向剪切变形;②中生代早期云开、肇庆地区NE向逆冲推覆作用;③中生代晚期武夷山地区的脆性构造变形.在重新认识区内构造演化的基础上,对其动力学作了初步探讨.这些认识有助于今后中国南方碳酸盐岩含油气远景的评价.     

赣南淘锡坑钨矿的石英中子活化分析研究

对赣南淘锡坑矿区V11号王牌矿脉不同中段的石英进行了中子活化分析,发现W主要与Sm、Lu、Yb、Mn、Sc、Ta、Fe等元素相关性比较好。在矿体的纵投影面上,识别出156中段和106中段各有3个浓集中心,并有从地表往深部W含量逐渐升高的趋势,显示矿液由南东往北西富集。预测枫林坑深部找矿前景较好。尝试性地进行了矿脉深部储量的预测研究,获得了 106m和56m两个中段的储量共10275.6t,加上156中段—356中段,合计V11号脉体的储量为19851.93t,与探明储量接近。可见,利用石英中子活化分析资料,有助于矿体深部储量的估算。     

Isotopic and geochemical constraints on the age and origin of granitoids from the central Mawson Escarpment, southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica

Granitoids from the central Mawson Escarpment (southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica) range in age from Archaean to Early Ordovician. U–Pb dating of zircon from these rocks indicates that they were emplaced in three distinct pulses: at 3,519 ± 20, 2,123 ± 12 Ma and between 530 and 490 Ma. The Archaean rocks form a layer-parallel sheet of limited extent observed in the vicinity of Harbour Bluff. This granitoid is of tonalitic-trondhjemitic composition and has a Sr-undepleted, Y-depleted character typical of Archaean TTG suites. ε_Nd and T_DM values for these rocks are −2.1 and 3.8 Ga, respectively. Subsequent Palaeoproterozoic intrusions are of granitic composition (senso stricto) with pronounced negative Sr anomalies. These rocks have ε_Nd and T_DM values of −4.8 and 2.87 Ga, indicating that these rocks were probably melted from an appreciably younger source than that tapped by the Early Archaean orthogneiss. The remaining intrusions are of Early Cambrian to Ordovician age and were emplaced coincident with the major orogenic event observed in this region. Cambro–Ordovician intrusive activity included the emplacement of layer-parallel pre-deformational granite sheets at approximately 530 Ma, and the intrusion of cross cutting post-tectonic granitic and pegmatitic dykes at ca. 490 Ma. These intrusive events bracket middle- to upper-amphibolite facies deformation and metamorphism, the age of which is constrained to ca. 510 Ma—the age obtained from a syn-tectonic leucogneiss. Nd–Sr isotope data from the more felsic Cambro–Ordovican intrusions (SiO₂ > 70 wt%), represented by the post-tectonic granite and pegmatite dykes, suggest these rocks were derived from Late Archaean or Palaeoproterozoic continental crust (T_DM ∼ 3.5–2.3 Ga, ε_Nd ∼ −21.8 to −25.9) not dissimilar to that tapped by the Early Proterozoic intrusions. In contrast, the compositionally more intermediate rocks (SiO₂ < 65 wt%), represented by the metaluminous pre-tectonic Turk orthogneiss, appear to have melted from a notably younger lithospheric or depleted mantle source (T_DM = 1.91 Ga, ε_Nd ∼ −14.5). The Turk orthogneiss additionally shows isotopic (low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) and geochemical (high Sr/Y) similarities to magmas generated at modern plate boundaries—the first time such a signature has been identified for Cambrian intrusive rocks in this sector of East Antarctica. These data demonstrate that: (1) the intrusive history of the Lambert Complex differs from that observed in the adjacent tectonic provinces exposed to the north and the south and (2) the geochemical characteristics of the most mafic of the known Cambrian intrusions are supportive of the notion that Cambrian orogenesis occurred at a plate boundary. This leads to the conclusion that the discrete tectonic provinces observed in the southern Prince Charles Mountains were likely juxtaposed as a result of Early Cambrian tectonism.     

大兴安岭北部小伊诺盖沟金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

小伊诺盖沟金矿床位于大兴安岭北部额尔古纳地块,其地质、地球化学特征与产于大兴安岭中生代火山岩地区的浅成低温热液型金矿床具有明显区别。本文通过矿床流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析研究成矿流体性质,探讨矿床成因类型。研究结果表明,流体包裹体有气液两相、含CO2三相和纯CO2包裹体3种类型。气相成分以CO2为主,其次是H2O,总体属NaCl-H2O-CO2体系;流体包裹体的盐度低,介于2.1%~8.5% NaCl eqv之间;包裹体均一温度介于169~493℃之间,平均为295℃,属中温热液矿床。其成矿压力为38~172MPa,平均93MPa,对应的成矿深度为4~11km,平均8km。小伊诺盖沟金矿床的地质-地球化学特征与世界造山型金矿类似,应属造山型金矿,其形成于蒙古-中朝板块与西伯利亚板块之间的陆-陆碰撞造山环境。     

Yangshan Gold Deposit:The Largest Carlin and Carlin-like Type Gold Deposit in China

Gold Headquarter of the CAPF has discovered the Yangshan super large-scale gold deposit in Gansu Province, which is a great breakthrough of gold exploration and prospecting in Western Qinling Mountains of China. The gold resources of this deposit achieved 308 tons with increasing potentials. Preliminary geological investigations indicate that the Yangshan gold deposit is located in the intra-continental collision orogenic belt; and the deposit was formed during the continent-continent collision orogenic processes. The geological characteristics of the deposit are similar to that of the typical Carlin-type gold deposits, while differences still exist. The ore-forming background is notably different from the Carlin gold deposit province in the United States; and the ore-forming fluids are similar with that of the orogenic-type gold deposit. Accordingly, the Yangshan gold deposit is a transitional type between the Carlin-type and the orogenic type gold deposits. At present, the Yangshan gold deposit is the largest Carlin and Carlin-like type gold deposit that is ever discovered in China. Researches on metallogeny, metallogenic model and ore-enrichment regularities of the Yangshan gold deposit are crucial to meet the pressing needs of the current geological investigation and ore exploration of the deposit.