小兴安岭鹿鸣大型钼矿LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

鹿鸣钼矿是小兴安岭地区于近年发现的大型斑岩型钼矿床。为探讨研究区成岩成矿关系及其地质意义,在对矿化特征分析的基础上,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb技术对鹿鸣地区含矿二长花岗岩测年,获得成岩年龄为 (187.1±1.2) Ma (n=15, MSWD=0.70) 。通过辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素分析,获得等值线年龄为(177.4±3.5) Ma (n=11, MSWD=0.71) ,加权平均年龄为(178.08±0.79) Ma (n=11,MSWD=0.46)。两种方法获得的年龄大致相近,表明它们形成于同一成岩成矿系统。鹿鸣钼矿成岩成矿年龄,与乌奴格吐山铜钼矿、兰家沟钼矿和杨家杖子钼矿等矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄相近,表明包括小兴安岭地区在内的我国东北地区广泛存在早侏罗世岩浆-成矿作用。微量元素和同位素指纹显示,鹿鸣钼矿形成于地壳挤压向拉伸转换的构造环境,成矿物质为壳幔混合来源。     

北祁连东段冷龙岭地区毛藏寺岩体和黄羊河岩体的岩石成因及其构造意义

文中研究了北祁连东段冷龙岭地区毛藏寺岩体和黄羊河岩体的年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素组成。毛藏寺岩体主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩。锆石U Pb定年获得花岗闪长岩岩浆结晶年龄为（424±4） Ma。花岗闪长岩具有高的Mg#（约55）,K2O/Na2O=0.77~0.91,A/CNK=0.92~0.94,表明岩石属准铝质。在微量元素组成上,花岗闪长岩富集LILE、亏损HFSE,轻重稀土分异明显［(La/Yb)N=16.9~19.5］,具有弱的Eu负异常（Eu/Eu*=0.75~0.83）;花岗闪长岩具有ISr=0.706 3~0.706 5,εNd(t) =-1.5~-1.1,TDM=1.10~1.16 Ga。这些地球化学特征和Sr Nd同位素组成表明,花岗闪长岩岩浆源区为基性下地壳变玄武质岩石,但在成岩过程中有少量幔源物质的加入。黄羊河岩体主要由钾长花岗岩组成,其岩浆结晶年龄为（402±4） Ma。岩石富碱（K2O+Na2O=6.91‰~7.66%）,K2O/Na2O>1,A/CNK=0.97~1.05。钾长花岗岩富集LILE及HFSE,轻重稀土元素分馏中等［(La/Yb)N =10.6~17.8］,并具有明显的负Eu异常（Eu/Eu*=0.43~0.68）,表明钾长花岗岩具有铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。钾长花岗岩具有ISr=0.710 3~0.711 3,εNd(t)=-6.7~-6.0,TDM=1.46~1.55 Ga,反映岩浆主要来自地壳中长英质物质的部分熔融。冷龙岭地区花岗岩类的岩石成因及其岩浆演化揭示了北祁连山造山带从加里东早期的挤压构造体制向加里东晚期的伸展构造体制的演化。这些花岗岩类形成于碰撞后构造背景,岩浆的产生可能与俯冲的北祁连洋板片的断离作用有密切联系。     

准噶尔盆地南缘新生代沉积物碎屑锆石记录的天山隆升剥蚀过程

通过对准噶尔盆地南缘有精确古地磁年代控制的金沟河剖面新生代沉积物中7个砂岩样品碎屑锆石的U Pb LA ICP MS测年分析,确定安集海河组（28~23.3 Ma）和沙湾组（23.3~17.5 Ma）的砂岩样品碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在261~328 Ma（P-C）,塔西河组（17.5~13.2 Ma）样品的年龄主要集中在234~311 Ma（T-C）和369~403 Ma（D-S）,独山子组（13.2~6.0 Ma）和西域组（6.0~1 Ma）样品的年龄主要集中在264~333 Ma。经与流域内岩石地层的分布相对比,揭示至少在晚渐新世开始中天山已经隆升并剥蚀为盆地提供物源,从约中新世早期开始北天山的南缘开始隆升,加入物源供给区,从约中新世中晚期开始北天山开始明显隆升,并逐步阻碍了中天山的物源供给,成为物源的主要供给区。天山的这种逐步向北的隆升剥蚀过程,反映了印度欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应。     

Gigantic low-gradient landslides in the northern periphery of the Crimean Mountains (Ukraine)

Large-scale, low-gradient ancient landslides estimated at 5.4–18.9 km² in area and  0.2–1.2 km³ in volume have been studied in the northern hilly periphery of the Crimean Mountains (Ukraine). They originated on slopes along wide water gaps of rivers (Belbek, Kacha, Alma and Biyuk–Karasu) crossing the cuestas of the northern foothills. The slopes generally consist of slightly northward tilting Miocene (mainly Sarmatian) limestones overlying weak, clay-rich Lower Neogene–Palaeogene substratum with a significant content of smectite. Although the region is characterised by the least active contemporary morphodynamics within the Crimean Mountains, the landslides which were studied are of the same size or even larger than various types of landslides occupying active geomorphic domains of the highest mountain range in the southernmost part of the peninsula. The landslides are generally a spreading type, but the sliding mechanics were probably very complex, involving toppling, rotational slides, gravitational folding and translational block slides. All the landslides which were studied are located in the vicinity of regional faults and three of them have headscarps aligned along faults. A common feature is also a location close (within several km) to the Mesozoic suture zone which is the most important tectonic feature in the northern periphery of the Crimean Orogene. This suture was formerly classified as aseismic; however, evidence of strong, low-frequency palaeoearthquakes was collected during the last decade within both the Mesozoic suture and the low-lying northern part of the Crimean Peninsula. Radiocarbon dating of deposits associated with the landslides has revealed at least two phases of increased landslide-activity during the Late Glacial chronozone and Holocene epoch. The main landslide phase presumably took place at some time between the Late Glacial and Atlantic chronozones. Minor reactivation of landslide toes occurred during the Subatlantic chronozone and some of them have been active up to recent times. The first major landslide phase was possibly triggered by an earthquake, whereas late Holocene activity can be attributed both to seismic and hydroclimatic factors.     

东南极内陆格罗夫山地区冰厚及冰下地形特征

中国第30次南极科学考察队格罗夫山分队(CHINARE30, 2013-2014年)利用雪地车载深层探冰雷达在东南极格罗夫山地区开展了测线总长度超过200 km大范围、高分辨率的冰厚及冰下地形调查, 获得了哈丁山北部和萨哈罗夫岭与阵风悬崖之间详细的冰厚及冰下地形特征. 通过对雷达数据分析表明, 哈丁山北部区域平均冰厚为580 m, 最大冰厚超过1 000 m, 出现在该区域的东北方向, 而东南方向冰厚相对较小; 萨哈罗夫岭与阵风悬崖之间区域的平均冰厚为610 m, 最大冰厚超过1 100 m, 该区域槽谷发育十分成熟, 槽谷形态近似呈U型. 通过对雷达剖面影像的筛选和分析, 推测在格罗夫山地区可能存在2个液态冰下湖泊.     

太行山南段铜矿成矿时代厘定及成矿意义

太行山南段井陉-内丘一带是河北省重要的铜矿远景区,区内成矿条件优越。已有研究资料多将该区铜矿类型、成矿条件等与山西中条山铜矿富集区进行类比。由于缺少对铜的成矿时代的精确限定,致使无法对区内铜矿床的形成过程及成因进行较为准确的分析,制约着区域铜矿成因类型对比及找矿勘查工作部署。本文以区内桃园铜矿床及酸枣坪、虎寨口、鹿峪和方垴等四个铜矿化点为研究对象,采用Rb-Sr法测试分析了上述铜矿床及矿化点的矿石硫化物。测试结果显示,桃园铜矿不同硫化物对Rb-Sr等时线年龄在1829.6~1840Ma之间,酸枣坪铜矿点的形成时代为1830.7±5.2Ma,虎寨口铜矿点的形成时代为1844.3±5.9Ma。上述三个铜矿床(点)矿石硫化物Rb-Sr等时线年龄测试结果表明,在古元古代晚期区内有一次较为强烈的铜矿成矿作用,成矿时限在1830~1844Ma之间。而方垴和鹿峪两个铜矿化点矿石硫化物测年结果与上述三个铜矿床(点)形成时间有较大差异,Rb-Sr等时线测年结果分别为1402±23Ma和1376±37Ma,说明在中元古代长城纪末期区内仍有一次铜矿化作用发生。结合华北地台构造演化过程,太行山南段古元古代晚期第一次铜矿化与山西中条山胡-篦型铜矿形成时代接近,铜矿床的形成与吕梁运动关系密切。由于太行山南段铜矿(点)分布区地处陆内构造环境的晋豫裂陷带,而山西中条山铜矿富集区处于秦岭-大别活动带的北缘的"秦岭古洋"壳向华北地台俯冲环境,构造环境差异可能导致两区在铜矿形成潜力及规模上存在一定差异。与区内第一次铜矿化作用相比,发生在中元古代长城纪末期的第二期铜矿化在成矿规模及强度上均较弱,其成矿动力学机制有待进一步分析确定。     

Jurassic magmatism related Pb-Zn-W-Mo polymetallic mineralization in the central Nanling Range,South China: Geochronologic,geochemical, and isotopic evidence from the Huangshaping deposit

The Nanling Range in South China is characterized by extensive Mesozoic magmatism and coeval nonferrous and rare metal mineralization. Huangshaping is a world-class Pb-Zn-W-Mo polymetallic skarn deposit in the central Nanling Range. Magmatic rocks occurring in this ore district include quartz porphyry, granite porphyry, granophyre, dacite porphyry, and aplite, with only the first three granitoids genetically associated with polymetallic mineralization. Most of the orebodies are constrained within the contact zones as skarn and veins between these granitic stocks and the carbonate wall rocks.Since the age of the quartz porphyry is still controversial, and studies of the dacite porphyry and aplite are absent, we focus on these magmatic rocks first. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the crystallization ages of the quartz porphyry, dacite porphyry, and aplite are 154.3 ± 1.9 Ma, 158.1 ± 0.8 Ma, and 148.4 ± 3.4 Ma, respectively. Combined with previously published age data, we infer the evolutionary sequence of magmatic rocks should be dacite porphyry → quartz porphyry → granite porphyry (granophyre) → aplite. The quartz porphyry, dacite porphyry, and aplite yield high contents of high field strength elements (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y = 255–440 ppm), high ratios of 10,000 × Ga/Al (2.6–3.2), and prominent depletions in Ba, Sr, Eu, P, and Ti, indicating their crustal affinities to A-type granites. They have negative ε_Nd(t) values (−9.4 to −7.0) and high initial Pb isotopic ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 18.307–18.644, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 15.689–15.742, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 38.589–38.986), suggesting that they were probably derived by partial melting of ancient granulitic crustal materials.The sulfide minerals exhibit a wide range of δ³⁴S_V-CDT values from −22.6 to 24.2‰, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 17.669–19.708, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 15.492–15.714, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 37.880–39.789, indicating that sulfur, lead, and other associated metals were derived from a mixture of magmatic components and the Carboniferous wall rocks. Fluid inclusions in pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and marmatite samples have ³He/⁴He ratios of 0.12 to 1.53 Ra, with calculated mantle helium proportions of 1.3 to 18.9%, indicating a predominantly crustal origin for the ore fluids, with minor inputs from the mantle. The Huangshaping deposit is a typical example of the genetic relationship both spatially and temporally between Jurassic magmatism and polymetallic metallogeny in the Nanling Range.     

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of mine water in the Harz Mountains,Germany

Water samples (springs, creeks, mine adits) from different former mining districts of the Harz Mountains and the nearby Kupferschiefer (copper shale) basin of Sangerhausen were analysed for major ions and trace metals. Due to more intensive water rock interactions including the ore minerals, the mine water concentrations of main components and trace metals are generally higher compared to non mining affected surface waters of the mountain range. Furthermore, the content of major ions in mine water is enriched by mixing processes with saline waters from Permian layers in the Kupferschiefer district and at the deeper levels of the mines in the Upper Harz Mountains. The waters of the different mining districts can be distinguished by trace metal occurrences and concentrations derived from the different ore bodies. Water from the Kupferschiefer mines shows the highest Na, Cl, Cu, Mo and U concentrations, whereas a combination of elevated As and Se concentrations is typical for most of the samples from the mines around St. Andreasberg. However, there are exceptions, and some water samples of all the investigated mining districts do not follow these general trends. Despite the influence of mining activities and ore mineralisation, hydrochemical effects due to rain water dilution can be seen in most of the waters. According to the elevation of the mountain range, higher precipitation rates decrease the ion concentrations in the waters of springs, creeks and mine adits.     

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿床Ⅱ号岩体年代学、地球化学及其意义

夏日哈木超大型镍矿床位于东昆仑造山带昆中岛弧带内,其Ⅱ号岩体主要由辉长岩和少量辉石岩组成,局部可见孔雀石、镍华、褐铁矿、磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿等矿化。岩石主量元素化学特征具低硅(w(Si O2)=48.12%~50.18%)、低钛(w(Ti O2)=0.47%~0.73%)、高镁(w(Mg O)=13.15%~19.59%)的特征,属亚碱性系列岩石,m/f值为3.14~3.88,属铁质超基性岩类。岩石稀土、微量元素标准化配分模式具一致性,表现为轻稀土元素弱富集的右倾型,并具有富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti的特征。辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究表明,岩体形成年龄为(424.1±4.6)Ma,属志留纪。笔者对夏日哈木Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号岩体的主要地质特征作了对比,认为二者同源,结合区域构造及Ⅰ号岩体形成的构造背景,认为Ⅱ号岩体形成于岛弧环境。     

东天山二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁质成矿岩体造岩矿物特征及其成因意义

东天山造山带与镁铁-超镁铁质岩体有关的铜镍硫化物矿床数量多,分布集中,是我国重要的铜镍成矿带之一。成矿岩体多以小岩体群形式产出,由西向东分布有白鑫滩、黄山和图拉尔根3个岩体群,大型矿床主要赋存在黄山岩体群内。本文对3个岩体群内成矿岩体的主要造岩矿物进行了系统的对比研究。成矿岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石和角闪石以及少量的铬尖晶石和金云母。橄榄石Al温度计计算结果表明,黄山岩体群内成矿岩体的母岩浆结晶温度介于1 143~1 257℃之间,略低于白鑫滩和图拉尔根岩体群(1 283~1 301℃)。单斜辉石压力计算表明成矿岩体的结晶压力相似,介于0.31~0.33 GPa之间。成矿岩体中均富含含水矿物,且单斜辉石结晶早于斜长石,指示成矿岩体的原始岩浆形成于富水环境。成矿岩体的单斜辉石具有较高的Al/Ti值,铬尖晶石和橄榄石具有与岛弧火山岩相似的矿物学特征,结合区域构造演化,认为东天山镁铁-超镁铁质成矿岩体的原始岩浆是被消减板片交代过的地幔部分熔融的产物。矿物学特征对比显示了黄山岩体群内成矿岩体更富斜方辉石和中性斜长石,且具有较低的铬尖晶石Cr~#值和橄榄石Ca含量。结合前人研究成果和相关地球化学数据,认为相对高的混染程度导致了黄山岩体群的母岩浆富SiO_2和Al_2O_3,同时降低了岩浆的结晶温度。