福建沿海海域波浪能资源分析与评价

采用波浪模拟的方法,较准确计算得出福建沿海海域波浪能资源分布状况,并给出相应的分析和综合评价.主要结论如下:(1)福建沿海海域波浪能平均密度为2.6～7.3 kW/m,波浪能资源储量为2 210.45 MW,在我国沿海海域仅次于台湾和广东,是波浪能开发利用可以优先考虑的海区之一.(2)福建沿海海域波浪能资源储量的70%分布于平潭岛以北海域,其值达1 512.49 MW.其中,尤以北礵地区值最大,为378.80 MW.(3)以年平均波高为指标,福建沿海海域中东山区段为三类区,其他区段均为一类区和二类区,具有良好的开发前景.(4)福建沿海海域波浪能具有波功率密度低、资源分布广泛且不均匀、波功率密度随季节变化、能量具有多向性等分布特点.(5)基于福建波浪能的开发与利用现状,建议应优先着眼于解决边远海岛等特殊场所的用电问题.     

近岸水下扇沉积体系高精度层序地层学研究

以东营凹陷胜北断层下降盘坨85块沙河街组沙三中亚段近岸水下扇沉积体为例,对近岸水下扇沉积体系下的高精度层序地层学进行了研究。经过分析认为,近岸水下扇沉积体系中的高精度层序地层单元划分为准层序组、准层序、层组、层四级,并对准层序和层组的类型和对比方法进行了总结。将近岸水下扇积体系中的层组类型划分为Fu(Fineup)、Cu(Coareseup)和Hu(Homogenicup)三大类,准层序类型划分为Cu-Fu、Cu-Cu、Cu-Hu三大类,同时总结出了沿物源方向的相序递变和垂直物源方向的侵蚀切割对比2种准层序对比模式和侵蚀叠置、相变对比、薄砂层对比、相似渐变等4种层组对比模式。     

Field observations of nearshore bar formation

The formation of an inner nearshore bar was observed during a high‐energy event at the sandy beach of Vejers, Denmark. The bar accreted in situ during surf zone conditions and the growth of the bar was associated with the development of a trough landward of the bar. Measurements of hydrodynamics and sediment fluxes were obtained from electromagnetic current meters and optical backscatter sensors. These process measurements showed that a divergence in sediment transport occurred at the location of the developing trough, and observed gradients in cross‐shore net sediment flux were consistent with the morphological development. The main cause for the flux gradients were cross‐shore gradients in offshore‐directed mean current (undertow) speed which depended upon local relative wave height and local bed slope. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海南岛的滨海旅游

海南岛位处中国的最面端,为热带季风气候区,地理位置优越,旅游资源特别是滨海旅游资源丰富,阳光、海水、沙滩、绿色、空气等要素齐全,再加上珊瑚礁、红树林等独特的海洋生态系统,为海南进行生态旅游及从观光旅游向观光度假旅游提供了良好的条件。海南建省后旅游业发展迅速,旅游景点和旅游设施逐渐完善,旅游市场不断规范。今后的发展趋势将是生态旅游,特别是在珊瑚礁和红树林区域,将科学考察、探险与休闲结合,在进行旅游的     

The morphological response of a nearshore double sandbar system to constant wave forcing

Results of 2DH morphodynamic computations are presented to quantify the temporal evolution of the crescentic patterns emerging in a double nearshore bar system in response to constant wave boundary forcing. Sixteen different conditions varying both offshore wave height and angle of wave incidence were applied. The mean length scales of the emerging irregular crescentic patterns are linearly proportional to the local longshore velocity over the inner and outer bars. For similar longshore velocities, the length scales of the outer bar are larger than of the inner bar. This is explained by accounting for the difference in water depth above the bar crest. The variable morphological response times can be explained by including additional bathymetrical parameters. The active volume of the bar, defined by the breaker index, plays an important role in this response time. With larger active volumes the bar responds more rapidly to identical boundary conditions. Also, bars with a smaller total volume respond more quickly. This faster response is due to the steeper active volume of the bars. Different initial perturbations resulted in different locations of the emerging features, showing that their location is sensitive to the initial bathymetry. However, the range in length scales and response times due to the different perturbations was significantly smaller than those obtained for the different hydrodynamic conditions. Based on the present findings we hypothesize that morphological length scales in the field are rarely in equilibrium with the concurrent offshore wave height and angle of incidence owing to the slow response of the sandbars under constant conditions relative to the stochastic nature of natural wave forcing.     

东营凹陷盐家地区沙四上亚段砂砾岩储层岩相与物性关系

依据岩性、粒度、沉积构造等特征,将东营凹陷盐家地区沙四上亚段近岸水下扇砂砾岩体划分为10种岩相类型和13种在一次沉积事件中形成的岩相组合类型,并将其岩相组合类型划分为3大类6小类。针对砂砾岩储层在任一深度物性范围变化较大的问题,遵循"岩相组合类型-岩相类型-距砂泥接触面距离"的研究思路,采用逐步分解的方法,建立"岩相组合类型-岩相类型-距砂泥接触面距离"约束下的物性纵向演化图,结果显示任一深度物性参数变化范围相对较小,各岩相类型储层孔隙度的变化一般为±2%,渗透率的变化一般在一个数量级以内。对比分析各岩相类型物性图可知:随埋深增加,各岩相类型远泥岩部位储层物性整体变差;同一深度,由Ⅰ型岩相类型到Ⅱ型岩相类型物性变好。与远泥岩的各岩相组合底部岩相类型相比,扇中比扇根部位各级别孔隙度和渗透率的深度上限增加了800~1 200 m;与远泥岩的各岩相组合中上部岩相类型相比,扇中比扇根部位各级别孔隙度和渗透率的深度上限增加了1 100~1 650 m。扇中近泥岩部位和扇缘薄层砂因发生强烈胶结作用而使物性变差,在3 400 m以下基本为超低孔超低渗储层。     

To what extent are the fish compositions at nearshore sites along a heterogeneous coast related to habitat type?

This study has tested the following main hypotheses. (1) The composition of fish assemblages in nearshore waters along the lower west coast of Australia will differ significantly among four habitat types (1–4), which could be distinguished quantitatively from each other by differences in the values for a statistically selected suite of enduring environmental variables. (2) The extents of the differences in ichthyofaunal composition among the four habitat types will statistically match those in the suite of environmental variables that distinguish those habitat types. A 60.5 m long seine net, with 9 mm mesh in the bunt, was used seasonally for 2 years to sample fish from sites representing each of the four nearshore habitat types, which differed broadly in their exposure to wave activity and the extent and location of seagrass beds. The compositions of the fish faunas in each habitat type were significantly different from each other in all but one case. Ichthyofaunal composition did not differ significantly between years in any habitat type and differed significantly among seasons in only one habitat type. The arrangement of the rank orders of similarity in matrices constructed from the abundances of the fish species at each site also did not differ between years but did differ among seasons. Moreover, the arrangement of the ranks in the similarity matrices produced from the ichthyofaunal data recorded at the various sites in each season were significantly correlated with that in the distance matrix constructed from the environmental data for those sites, with the correlation (ρ) ranging from 0.476 in winter to 0.696 in autumn. These results thus demonstrate that the extents of the differences in the fish compositions among the various habitat types parallel those in the environmental data for the corresponding habitat types. The subset of species that provided the best correlation with the environmental distance matrix, and which was thus most responsible for distinguishing among the fish compositions at the four habitat types, was also determined for each season.     

浙江沿岸和长江口区潮流能源及其开发利用

本文根据《全国海洋能资源区划技术规定》的要求,首先对浙江及长江口区沿岸潮流流速在2.5kn以上的港湾、水道进行了潮流能资源调查研究,并在查明该区潮流能资源蕴藏量及分布的基础上,为潮流能的开发利用提供了科学依据。此外,本文对潮流能资源开发利用的现状及今后开发研究问题提出了一些看法和建议。     

近岸波浪引起的水流及长波研究进展

从现场观测、理论分析和数值计算、试验室研究三个方面回顾了近岸波浪引起水流以及长波的研究进展，并对今后着重研究的几个方向提出看法。     

南汇近岸水域近底层泥沙运动和边滩沉积

根据长江口南汇近岸水域17个站的水文泥沙同步观测资料,阐述了该水域近底层泥沙的流速、悬沙浓度的分布和变化。经无量纲潮流动力值的计算表明,研究区存在一个包络南汇边滩先向东南继而向南延伸的舌状高能量区,与高悬沙浓度分布区相一致。通过对悬沙运动和涨、落潮周期流向的分析,揭示了长江口向杭州湾底层泥沙输移的规律,其底层泥沙输移主要集中在低潮位时段,输移时间约占潮周期的36%,其中以南汇边滩向杭州湾输移的时间为最长,大、小潮都在5h以上,与其相关联,在芦潮港水域下层存在着一股东西向的高悬沙浓度的水体。据盐度、潮流、悬沙浓度等要素,并结合絮凝沉降分析得出,南汇边滩的沉积强度是潮滩>潮下带>深水区;边滩舌尖前缘水域的泥沙沉积时间与水体出现向东偏南或向西流的时间一致,这可视为近年来南汇水下沙嘴向东偏南伸展的原因之一。