基于AIS和潮汐数据的航道水深利用状况研究——以天津港复式航道为例

为直观表征近岸航道水深利用状况,提出应用一定时间尺度内最低瞬时水深、平均瞬时水深与海图水深、海图水深和深度基准面L值之和间的差异分布,定性分析水深利用状况的方法;提出以AIS报文中船舶吃水字段与对应海图水深的比值作为量化指标,定量分析水深利用状况的方法。天津港复式航道计算实例结果表明,南北两侧小船航道水深利用程度高于主航道,且小船航道处于高的水深利用状态;主航道水深利用程度相对较高,且其具有较大的水深可利用空间。综合考虑,在疏浚任务中应侧重南侧小船航道的疏浚,以提升天津港复式航道区域的综合水深利用状况。     

利用拉格朗日方法探究黑潮近岸分支流在2019年春季的起源深度

基于ROMS (regional ocean modelling system)模式模拟出2019年春季东海以及临近海域的环流结构和温盐分布。利用拉格朗日方法定量地研究了2019年春季黑潮近岸分支流在台湾以东起源的深度在100—450 m范围内,平均深度约260 m。通过针对台湾海峡流和台湾以东黑潮强度的敏感性实验,进一步得出结论,增大(减小)的台湾以东黑潮流速会减小(增大)黑潮近岸分支流的强度。而增大(减小)的台湾海峡流流速会增大(减小)黑潮近岸分支流的强度。同时,增大(减小)的台湾以东黑潮流会减小(增大)黑潮近岸分支流起源的平均深度。增大(减小)的台湾海峡流流速也会减小(增大)黑潮近岸分支流起源的平均深度。相关结论可为台湾东北黑潮入侵东海变化规律的研究提供参考。     

结合椭圆型缓坡方程模拟近岸波流场

波浪向近岸传播的过程中,由波浪破碎效应所产生的近岸波流场是近岸海域关键的水动力学因素之一.结合近岸波浪场的椭圆型缓坡方程和近岸波流场数学模型对近岸波浪场及由斜向入射波浪破碎后所形成的近岸波流场进行了数值模拟.计算中考虑到波浪向近岸传播中由于波浪的折射、绕射、反射等效应使局部复杂区域波向不易确定,采用结合椭圆型缓坡方程所给出的波浪辐射应力公式来计算波浪产生的辐射应力,在此基础上耦合椭圆型缓坡方程和近岸波流场数学模型对近岸波流场进行数值模拟,从而使模型综合考虑了波浪的折射、绕射、反射等效应且避免了对波向角的直接求解,可以应用于相对较复杂区域的近岸波流场模拟.     

The morphology and migration of transverse bars off the west-central Florida coast

A series of migrating shore-normal sandbars with wavelengths of 75–120 m and heights up to 2 m have been identified off the northern tip of Anna Maria Island, a barrier island on the west-central Florida coast. Similar features have been described elsewhere since the 1930s and termed ‘transverse bars’. The transverse bars identified off Anna Maria Island are found for about 3 km along the coast and extend 4 km offshore, well outside the normal surf-zone width. No cusps or any other associated beach expression is evident despite the fact that the bars come to within about 75 m of the beach. Sediments on the crests of the bars are a well-sorted fine quartz sand, whereas sediments in the troughs are a poorly sorted coarse carbonate shell hash. Historical aerial photographs and repeated high-resolution bathymetric surveys provide a means of quantifying the migration of the transverse bars. Analyses of orthorectified aerial photographs from the early 1940s through the mid 1990s clearly show movement or migration taking place in the bar field. In the 40-yr period from 1951 to 1991, the southern edge of the bar field moved 200–350 m to the south, with an average long-term migration rate of 8 m/yr. Repeated bathymetric surveys over an 8-month period give an average short-term migration rate of 21 m/yr to the south. Wave and current measurements suggest that southerly winds associated with the passage of cold fronts drive near-bed currents to the south that are strong enough to initiate sediment transport and cause the southerly migration of the transverse bars.     

近岸带三组成波耦合作用的观测与分析

利用近岸带两个测点的波浪同步观测资料，通过二阶谱分析了三组成波的非线性相互作用。对波谱峰频自相互作用的二阶相干系数b^2(fp，fp）及对应的二阶位相值β(fp，fp)、最大二阶谱幅值B最大(f1，f2)和最大二阶相干系数b^2最大(f1，f2)的组成波频率分析结果表明：(1)弱频散作用的过渡水深区存在着明显的非共振三组成波耦合作用；(2)包括谱峰频在内的自相互作用是近岸区波耦合作用的重要形式；(3)随着水深减小，趋近碎波带，非线性耦合作用进一步增强，谱能量以向低频转移为主变为向高、低频两侧转移，波形趋于前倾。     

波控弧形海湾近岸平衡剖面特征分析

应用Ｄｅａｎ，Ｂｏｄｇｅ和Ｌｅｅ近岸平衡剖面模式，对粤东靖海波控弧形海湾两条近岸剖面作了分析对比。结果显示拟合的Ｄｅａｎ模式与实际剖面偏差明显，由Ｂｏｄｇｅ模式计算的四度，北剖面小于南剖面，此与沿岸滩面坡度变化趋势一致，由ｔｅｅ模式拟合的结果导出的波周期与实测值相近。文中讨论了海岸反射性与剖面凹度、剖面变化截止水深与泥沙运动的关系。     

Larval fish distribution in shallow coastal waters off North Western Iberia (NE Atlantic)

Monthly sampling for ichthyoplankton was conducted at three stations very near to the coast (near to shore shallow stations before the surf zone in direction to the shoreline) of Atlantic northwestern Portugal within contrasting localities: rocky shore, in front of a sandy beach receiving an estuary and a fishing port with heavy anthropogenic impact. Sampling was conducted from August 2002 to October 2003, always at full moon, at low tide and high tide in daylight hours, at the water column using a 48 cm diameter plankton net with 335 μm mesh. Analysis of the physico-chemical parameters pointed out the spatial (horizontal) homogeneity of the sampling area. Fish larvae from 41 taxa belonging to 17 families were identified; Blenniidae, Labridae, Ammodytidae, Clupeidae, Gobiidae, Soleidae and Gobiesocidae were the most representative during the study period. Parablennius gattorugine, Ammodytes tobianus, Symphodus melops, Sardina pilchardus, Lipophrys pholis and Coryphoblennius galerita were the most representative species (percentage contribution to total abundance). Peak abundance of fish eggs occurred during May, June and August 2003 and fish larvae occurred during May and July 2003 and August 2002 and 2003; there was a pronounced winter/early spring (March 2003) peak in larval abundance dominated by the small sandeel A. tobianus. This study identifies the occurrence of a conspicuous assemblage of larval fishes at very nearshore shallow environments of a variety of species with different adult habitats: the fish larvae assemblage was dominated by intertidal species. The present study has shown that temporal and spatial variations in the larval fish assemblage are related to environmental conditions and biological dynamics: the results suggest that abiotic conditions mediate biotic parameters, and that both abiotic and biotic characteristics regulated the larval fishes at very nearshore shallow environments.     

Nearshore Wave Field Analysis Using SAR Images

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长重力波运动与近岸过程研究综述

简要介绍了长重力波的概念和作用,概述了近岸长重力波的运动形式、类型、分布和波能变化,分析了近岸长重力波与泥沙运动、海岸侵蚀、近岸环流系统、海滩碎波带地貌形态和潮汐等的关系,提出了进一步研究的几点建议。     

长江口南汇东滩水动力条件变化的数值预测

南汇东滩紧邻长江口主要排沙通道南槽而成为泥沙沉降的一个重要部位,为促淤围垦提供了有利的滩地和来沙条件,是上海市规划围垦的重点区域。目前上海已在南汇东滩开始实施围垦工程,围垦工程改变了长江口南汇岸线,也改变了南汇东滩的水动力条件。为了解围垦工程实施后水动力条件的变化,采用二维潮流数学模型模拟南汇东滩促淤围垦工程实施前后流场的变化,探讨围垦工程对邻近水域水动力产生的影响,为预测圈围工程实施后南汇东滩变化提供水动力学依据。