Block removal and step backwearing as erosion processes on rock shore platforms: a preliminary case study of the chalk shore platforms of south‐east England

Shore platforms frequently exhibit steps or risers facing seaward, landwards or obliquely across‐shore. A combination of soft copy photogrammetry, ortho‐rectification, geo referencing and field measurement of step height are linked in a GIS environment to measure step retreat on chalk shore platforms at sample sites in the south of England over two periods, 1973–2001, 2001–2007. The methods used allow for the identification, delineation and measurement of historic change at high spatial resolution. The results suggest that while erosion of chalk shore platforms by step backwearing is highly variable, it appears to be of similar magnitude to surface downwearing of the same platforms measured by micro‐erosion meters (MEMs) and laser scanning, in a range equivalent to 0·0006 – 0·0050 m y^?1 of surface downwearing. This equates to annual chalk volume loss from the platforms, by the two erosion processes combined, of between 0·0012 m³ m^?2 and 0·0100 m³ m^?2. Results from the more recent years' data suggests that step retreat has variability in both space and time which does not relate solely to climatic variability. The results must be viewed with caution until much larger numbers of measurements have been made of both downwearing and step erosion at higher spatial and temporal resolution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阿尔金和东昆仑造山带中酸性侵入岩地质、地球化学特征及地质意义

据青藏高原北部1∶25万区域地质调查资料引对阿尔金和东昆仑造山带中主要出露的中酸性侵入岩类岩体地质、岩石地球化学特征进行对比研究,探讨原始古陆系统隶属关系结果得出:岩体类型、岩石类型组合、成岩时代、岩浆系列、岩浆源岩物性及形成的地球动力学背景均可完全进行对比,认为前晋宁和晋宁期S型花岗岩类,可能是在碰撞造山地球动力学背景下,由成年期TTG陆壳局部或循环熔融形成;加里东和华力西期以I型和A型花岗岩类为主,推测是在一种大陆岩石圈伸展减薄或是大陆裂谷动力学背景下,由地幔基性超基性岩浆上侵引起中下地壳岩石局部熔融产生的一种岩浆作用产物,源区可能是副变质类型榴辉岩相和麻粒岩相下地壳结合前人研究成果,初步提出阿尔金和东昆仑造山带古老基底同属一个古陆系统.     

渝东武隆地区中上寒武统储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

渝东武隆地区中上寒武统主要为一套海相浅水碳酸盐岩沉积,以各类型白云岩为主.依据成岩作用对孔缝的影响,可将成岩作用分为建设性成岩作用和破坏性成岩作用两种类型.建设性成岩作用主要包括白云石化作用、溶蚀作用和破裂作用等,对孔隙的形成有利.破坏性成岩作用主要有胶结作用、压实作用、压溶作用、充填作用等.破坏性成岩作用破坏原有的储层物性,使孔隙度和渗透率降低,储集性能变差.     

大城市边缘区农村居民点用地空间布局优化研究——对上海南汇地区的考察

大城市边缘区农村居民点用地存在用地粗放、布局散乱、难于规范管理等问题。以大城市边缘区农村居民点用地整理为契机,优化空间布局不仅有利于形成农村经济新增长点,还可促进农村居民点土地集约节约利用。在分析当地农村居民点用地现状及其分布状况的基础上,以典型地区——上海南汇地区为例,对其空间分布的随机性进行了检验,对农村居民点用地按标准偏差分类,并进一步按欧氏空间距离对大于2.25标准偏差的地块进行聚类分析。结果显示:南汇地区农村居民点用地的空间分布并不是随机分布,可分为远离中心类和集聚中心类两种类型。依据结果,提出了"远离中心方案"和"集聚中心方案"两种不同的农村居民点用地整理方案。     

北祁连东段冷龙岭—毛毛山地区 金矿化地质特征及找矿方向

冷龙岭—毛毛山地区位于北祁连东段。为揭示这一地区金成矿规律和控矿因素,从大地构造背景、含矿建造以及成矿构造等几个方面讨论了青分岭金矿床的成矿条件。通过对该区区域地质和构造特征以及金地球化学异常特征分析,提出了进一步找矿方向。     

合肥及其以东地区新构造运动特征

通过对合肥及其以东地区第四纪地层发育特征、地貌特征、地震等特征分析，认为合肥至浮槎山西麓为相对下降区，位于江淮分水岭南缘的梁园一带为现代上升区，浮槎山东部至巢湖一带为相对上升区。新构造运动表现有四次活动。     

Glacial isostatic adjustment in 3-D earth models: Implications for the analysis of tide gauge records along the U.S. east coast

Tide gauge records of recent sea-level change along the U.S. east coast have received significant attention within the literature of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Geographic trends in these tide gauge rates are not reduced by a GIA correction based on a commonly adopted radial viscosity profile (characterized, in particular, by a lower mantle viscosity 1−2×10²¹ Pa s), and this has led to speculation that the residual trends reflect contributions from neotectonics or oceanographic processes. While the trends can be significantly reduced by adopting an Earth model with a stiffer lower mantle, such a model appears to be incompatible with independent constraints from post-glacial decay times in Hudson Bay. We use a finite-element model of the GIA process to investigate whether 3-D viscosity variations superimposed onto the “common” radial viscosity profile may provide a route to reconciling the east coast sea-level trends. We find that the specific 3-D structure we impose has little impact on the geographic trends in the GIA-corrected rates. However, we do find that the imposed lateral variations in lower mantle viscosity introduce a nearly uniform upward shift of 0.5 mm/yr in GIA-induced sea-level rates along the U.S. east coast. Thus, inferences of regional (U.S. east coast) sea-level rise due to modern melting of ice reservoirs, based on tide gauge rates corrected using 1-D GIA models, may be significantly biased by this simplifying assumption.     

The Effect of Tsunami in 2004 on Mangrove Forests,Nias Island,Indonesia

The earthquake and tsunami that devastated coastal area in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province and North Sumatra Province,especially Nias Island on December 26,2004,caused damage to most mangrove and coastal forests in the areas.Before the 2004 tsunami,there is no report or publication about mangrove and coastal vegetation in Nias Island.The aims of this research were to describe the mangrove forests and coastal vegetation after tsunami disaster and to learn the ecological functions of mangrove forests and co...     

天然热释光技术在南海东部表层沉积物油气潜力勘查中的应用

应用热释光技术对南海东部海域(13.00°~22.00°N、117.00°~119°30′E)42个站位的表层沉积物样品进行分析测量,结合气烃组合指标C1/(C2+C3)及甲烷碳同位素判别地表气烃的成因类型,并有效指示了海底深部油气藏散失引起的放射性异常,研究还发现热释光在不同沉积粒径中的测试剂量不同,结果为黏土质粉砂大于砂质粉砂;热释光也与部分化学元素含量有关,与稀土金属Nb、金属元素Zr呈显著正相关,与微量元素S、Ba呈负相关;天然热释光还与不同区块的沉积物酸解气烃甲烷、丙烷、异丁烷呈强烈正相关。数理统计分析结果表明沉积物的热释光和气烃的异常值完全吻合。     

河西走廊东部沙尘暴预报方法研究

利用我国沙尘暴多发区, 甘肃省河西走廊东部民勤、凉州区等五站近50a的气象资料, 详细分析了河西东部沙尘暴频繁发生的气象因素, 应用近20a的天气资料, 结合近50a的典型个例做出沙尘暴的长期、中期、短期和短时预报预警系统。研究结果表明: 长期预报取决于冬春季气温、降水量和大风日数; 中期依靠使用国内外数值预报产品; 短期与大气环流条件、分型指标有关; 短时临近预报与高空大风形势、地面上游有无大风沙尘暴天气有关。