河南陕县黄连垛组的发现及其地质意义

前人将河南省陕县李村龙脖一带覆盖于熊耳群之上的碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩组合划分为高山河群和官道口群龙家园组。本次研究,通过剖面测制和区域对比,发现该套地层实际为长城系汝阳群云梦山组—洛峪口组、蓟县系黄连垛组及寒武系罗圈组、辛集组、朱砂洞组、馒头组。同时,在黄莲垛组中发现的假裸枝和卷心菜叠层石,可与官道口群龙家园组—巡检司组对比,证实了官道口群和黄连垛组是华北陆块南缘在蓟县纪形成的同一套碳酸盐岩沉积。     

Current situation and human health risk assessment of fluoride enrichment in groundwater in the Loess Plateau: A case study of Dali County,Shaanxi Province,China

This study aims to investigate the mechanisms and health risks of fluoride enrichment in groundwater in the Loess Plateau, China. By taking Dali County, Shaanxi Province, China as an example, this study obtains the following results through field investigation and the analyses of water, soil, and crop samples. (1) The groundwater can be divided into two major types, namely the Quaternary pore-fissure water and Karst water. The Karst area and sandy area have high-quality groundwater and serve as the target areas for optional water supply. The groundwater in the study area is slightly alkaline and highly saline. Meanwhile, high-fluoride groundwater is mainly distributed in the loess and river alluvial plains in the depression area of the Guanzhong Basin and the discharge areas of the groundwater, with the highest fluoride concentration exceeding seven times the national standard. (2) Fluoride in groundwater mainly originates from a natural source and human activities. The natural source refers to the fluoride-bearing minerals in rocks and soil, and the fluoride from this source is mainly controlled by natural factors such as climate, geologic setting, pH, specific hydrochemical environment, ion exchange, and mineral saturation. Human activities in modern life can be further divided into industrial and agricultural sources primarily. (3) The health risks of fluoride contamination are very high in the Loess Plateau, especially for children compared to adults. Meanwhile, the risks of fluoride exposure through food intake are higher than those through drinking water intake. The authors suggest selecting target areas to improve water supply and ensure the safety of drinking water in the study area. Besides, it is necessary to plant crops with low fluoride content or cash crops and to conduct groundwater treatment to reduce the fluoride concentration in drinking water. These results will provide a theoretical basis for safe water supply in the faulted basin areas in the Loess Plateau.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

贵州镇远县耕地土壤中硒的分布特征及控制因素

依据镇远县耕地质量地球化学调查成果,对全县耕地表层土壤硒分布特征和控制因素进行了分析。结果显示:镇远县耕地土壤硒含量平均值为(0.64±0.56) mg/kg,富硒耕地硒含量平均值为(0.72±0.42) mg/kg,富硒耕地面积占总耕地面积的82.71%。全县耕地土壤硒含量受pH值、海拔、地形地貌、成土母岩、土壤类型和土地利用类型的影响,统计发现:偏酸性耕地、海拔800 m以下耕地、分布在槽沟和谷地的耕地、碳质岩系地层分布区耕地、粗骨土和红壤分布区、茶园和水田表层土壤均具有相对较高的硒含量。分析认为成土母岩是土壤硒的最重要来源,其对土壤中硒元素含量具有控制作用,尤以含碳硅质岩系最为明显,另外土壤有机质及pH值通过改变土壤理化性质深刻影响着硒的迁移及富集,进而影响土壤硒含量。     

基于DGT技术对土壤硒生物有效性及其影响因素的分析

硒是生态环境中重要的微量元素之一,如何准确评估其生物有效性一直存在争议。在四川省广安市邻水县采集了60套农作物及其根系土样品,分析其Se含量和理化性质。同时基于梯度扩散膜技术对土壤有效Se含量进行分析,并对土壤有效Se含量的影响因素进行探究。结果表明,研究区土壤Se含量为0.15~2.42 mg/kg,均值为0.48 mg/kg,不同类型土壤Se含量差异明显,石灰土(1.06 mg/kg)>黄壤(0.78 mg/kg)>紫色土(0.28 mg/kg)>水稻土(0.27 mg/kg)。石灰土和黄壤有机质含量和总铁(TFe₂O₃)含量明显高于其他类型土壤。研究区内不同类型土壤的DGT-Se明显不同,与土壤Se含量分布相反。相关性分析表明土壤DGT-Se与Se含量、TFe₂O₃含量、S含量、有机质含量、pH值、Al₂O₃含量显著相关,受理化性质影响导致不同类型土壤中DGT-Se的差异。水稻根系土壤DGT-Se与水稻籽实Se含量显著正相关,用DGT可以较好地表达水稻-根系土系统中土壤Se的生物有效性。基于DGT技术评估预测区域尺度农业土壤有效Se含量时,需充分考虑土壤类型及其理化性质。     

青海省都兰县金水口地区水系沉积物地球化学异常特征及找矿前景

为优选青海省都兰县金水口找矿靶区,在了解该区地质特征的基础上开展了1:50 000水系沉积物测量工作。基于原始测量数据,运用区域浓集系数(RCC)等特征参数对Au、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Co、Cr、Ni、Zn共9种微量元素含量进行统计分析,推断出Zn、Au元素具有较大的成矿潜力。利用统计学软件SPSS25对9种元素进行R型系统聚类分析、相关分析及R型因子分析,共划分F1(Co-Cr-Ni)、F2(Au-Bi-Zn)、F3(As-Sb)、F4(Hg)4组成矿元素组合。采用衬度异常法求出各元素及元素组合异常下限,运用Surfer15软件将元素及元素组合衬度数据编制成异常图,结合区内元素异常特征及成矿地质条件共圈定5个预测找矿靶区。对Ⅰ-1号靶区1号多金属矿化体进行异常查证,拣块样化学分析显示锌、全铁含量均达最低工业品位。对Ⅰ-2号靶区2、3号多金属矿化体进行探槽工程揭露,经取样分析显示部分锰、锌含量已达边界品位,全铁含量接近边界品位,金具备一定成矿潜力,表明金水口地区有较大的锌铁金锰成矿潜力。     

桂北地区丹洲期与南华冰期之间沉积转换的年代学记录

文章通过碎屑锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素研究,揭示桂北地区丹洲期与南华冰期之间沉积转换的年代学记录。分别对丹洲群合桐组、拱洞组以及南华系长安组进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素分析。结果表明,丹洲群合桐组和拱洞组具有相似的碎屑锆石年龄谱系,U-Pb年龄集中在720~1000 Ma、1700~2300 Ma和2400~2700 Ma。而南华系长安组的U-Pb年龄集中在650~720 Ma和720~1000 Ma,明显区别于丹洲群。丹洲群合桐组和拱洞组具有相似的Hf同位素特征,其ε_Hf(t)以负值为主,且多数锆石的二阶段Hf模式年龄（T_DM2）大于2400 Ma。而南华系长安组的Hf同位素特征区别于丹洲群,其ε_Hf(t)以正值为主,T_DM2值集中于1000~1300 Ma和1400~2200 Ma。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱系和Hf同位素组成的不同,以及锆石形态和物源的差异,表明“雪峰不整合面”上下的南华冰期与丹洲期沉积地层之间存在明显的沉积转换。     

湖北罗田县片麻岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄

通过野外和室内研究结果表明,罗田县片麻岩是由沉积岩变质而成。岩石化学成分变化范围:SiO2=61.25%~71.02%,Al2O3=14.35%~15.48%、Na2O+K2O=4.49%~6.09%和CaO=3.16%~4.80%等,表现为低铝、富碱、贫钙;富集Rb、Ba、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,P、Ti相对亏损;富集轻稀土(LREE/HREE=3.24~10.51)、略具Eu负异常(δEu=0.88~0.99)。稀土曲线呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的向右倾式。在"CL"图像显示的锆石成因类型多为具有老核(继承锆石)新壳的变质复合锆石。老核继承锆石年龄从元古代—古生代,显示异地多时代的特点,表明其寄主岩的原岩沉积岩,时代不会早于古生代。     

青海省都兰县阿斯哈金矿区HySpex高光谱矿物填图及其找矿意义

地面成像高光谱遥感具有图谱合一的优势,能够根据光谱特征进行地物的直接识别,是遥感领域的前沿方向。本文针对青海省都兰县阿斯哈金矿区蚀变带,建立了HySpex地面成像高光谱数据的标准处理流程,采用基于统计学模型的平场域法进行了光谱重建,基于专家知识选取了端元光谱,利用MTMF方法开展了矿物填图,在此基础上制作了阿斯哈金矿区蚀变带比例尺1∶100的真彩色图像和褐铁矿、绢云母等5种地物的高光谱地物分布图。总结出阿斯哈金矿区标志性蚀变矿物为褐铁矿和绢云母,并对提取出的地物进行了野外实地ASD光谱测量验证,符合程度好。阿斯哈金矿区HySpex地面成像高光谱数据应用实践表明该数据在地质领域具有较好的应用效果和广泛的前景。     

萍乡东桥岩门寨组凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及南华冰期底界年代探讨

目前关于南华系底界年代存在早(780 Ma或760 Ma)、晚(725 Ma或720 Ma)两种不同观点。本文对萍乡东桥板溪期晚期岩门寨组顶部的凝灰岩进行了28颗锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分析,由早至晚获得5组主要年龄,并分析探讨了各组年龄锆石形成的地质背景。第1组和第2组锆石均为继承性岩浆锆石,平均年龄分别为805.5±10.6 Ma和767.6±7.7Ma,分别与扬子东南缘810~800Ma期间的岛弧岩浆活动和板溪期中期760Ma前后的岩浆活动有关。第4组和第5组锆石为变质成因锆石,平均年龄分别为390.8±2.8 Ma和211.2±1.5 Ma,分别与加里东晚期和印支晚期的构造-热事件有关。第3组共11颗岩浆锆石的平均年龄为717.2±8.9 Ma,为凝灰岩的成岩年龄。该年龄为南华冰期底界720 Ma的年龄提供了约束。此外,本文讨论并提出前人在湘中碧溪获得的长安组下部760 Ma左右U-Pb年龄为继承性锆石年龄,且发现在误差范围内有50%锆石的年龄上限也为720 Ma左右,暗示成岩年龄实为720 Ma而非760 Ma。     

Land use and land cover change processes in China's eastern Loess Plateau

Using Landsat remote sensing images, we analyzed changes in each land use type and transitions among different land use types during land use and land cover change (LUCC) in Ningwu County, located in the eastern Loess Plateau of China, from 1990 to 2010. We found that grassland, woodland, and farmland were the main land use types in the study area, and the area of each type changed slightly from 1990 to 2010, whereas the area of water, construction land, and unused land increased greatly. For the whole area, the net change and total change were insignificant due to weak human activity intensity in most of the study area, and the LUCC was dominated by quasi-balanced two-way transitions from 1990 to 2010. The insignificant overall amount of LUCC appears to have resulted from offsetting of rapid increases in population, economic growth, and the implementation of a program to return farmland to woodland and grassland in 2000. This program converted more farmland into woodland and grassland from 2000 to 2010 than from 1990 to 2000, but reclamation of woodland and grassland for use as farmland continued from 2000 to 2010, and is a cause for concern to the local government.