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991.
992.
It generally is assumed that the Early Permian Gondwana deglaciation in South Africa started with a collapse of the marine ice‐sheet. The northeast part of the Karoo Basin became ice‐free as a result of this collapse. The deglaciation here probably took place under temperate glacial conditions. Three glacial phases have been identified. Phase 1: the marine ice retreat of 400 km over the northeast Karoo Basin, which may have been completed over a few thousand years. The glaciers grounded in the shallower areas around the shore of the basin. Phase 2: the smaller, now mainly continental ice‐sheet here re‐stabilised and remained more or less stationary for several tens of thousand years. During this phase, between 50 and 200 m of massive glaciomarine mud with dropstones accumulated in the open, marine basin that became ice‐free during Phase 1. Isostatic uplift, as a response to the first rapid deglaciation phase, can be traced in the inland part of the region. Phase 3: the final deglaciation may have taken 10 to 20 kyr. After this time no new ice sheet was built up over southern Africa. The entire Early Permian deglaciation of the northeast Karoo Basin was completed within thousands rather than millions of years. Phases 1 and 3 had lengths similar to typical Quaternary deglaciations, whereas Phase 2 was a long, stable phase, more similar to a full Quaternary glaciation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
Mohamed S. Elhebiry Ibrahim Abu El-Leil Alan E. Kehew Mahmoud H. Bekiet Islam Abdel Shahid 《International Geology Review》2020,62(9):1187-1204
ABSTRACT Exhumed Paleozoic glacial deposits and landforms of the North Gondwana are reported here for the first time from the South Eastern Desert (SED) of Egypt. Using field observations and remote sensing datasets (Advanced Land Observing Satellite [ALOS], Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar [PALSAR] radar, multispectral Landsat TM datasets, and digital elevation models [DEMs]), we mapped the distribution of Paleozoic glacial features (i.e. deposits and landforms) in the SED. Two main glaciogenic facies were identified in three locations in the SED: (1) massive, poorly sorted, matrix supported, boulder-rich diamictites in Wadi El-Naam and Korbiai, and (2) moderately-sorted, occasionally bedded outwash deposits in Betan area. Inspection of radar, DEMs, and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) images revealed previously unrecognized ENE-WSW trending glacial megalineations (MLs) over the peneplained Neoproterozoic basement rocks in the central sections of the SED, whose trends align along their projected extension with those of glacial features (tunnel valleys and striation trends) reported from Saudi Arabia. The glaciogenic features in the SED are believed to be largely eroded during the uplift associated with the Red Sea opening, except for those preserved as basal units beneath the Nubia Sandstone Formation or as remnant isolated deposits within paleo-depressions within the basement complex. The apparent spatial correlation of the SED glacial features with well-defined Late Ordovician deposits in North Africa and in Saudi Arabia, and the reported thermochronometric analyses and fossil records are consistent with a Late Ordovician age for the SED glaciogenic features and support models that call on the continuation of the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) ice sheet from the Sahara into Arabia through the SED of Egypt. 相似文献
994.
We present hornblende, white mica, biotite and alkali feldspar 40Ar/39Ar data from Paleo-Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Mt. Isa Inlier, Australia, which reveal a previously unrecognised post-orogenic, non-linear cooling history of part of the Northern Australian Craton. Plateau and total fusion 40Ar/39Ar ages range between 1500 and 767 Ma and record increases in regional cooling rates of up to 4 °C/Ma during 1440–1390 and 1260–1000 Ma. Forward modelling of the alkali feldspar 40Ar/39Ar Arrhenius parameters reveals subsequent increases in cooling rates during 600–400 Ma. The cooling episodes were driven by both erosional exhumation at average rates of 0.25 km/Ma and thermal relaxation following crustal heating and magmatic events. Early Mesoproterozoic cooling is synchronous with exhumation and shearing in the Arunta Block and Gawler Craton. Late Mesoproterozoic cooling could have either been driven by increased rates of exhumation, or a result of thermal relaxation following a heat pulse that was synchronous with dyke emplacement in the Arunta, Musgrave and Mt. Isa province, as well as Grenville-aged orogenesis in the Albany–Fraser Belt. Latest Neoproterozoic–Cambrian cooling and exhumation was probably driven by the convergence of part of the East Antarctic Shield with the Musgrave Block and Western Australia (Petermann Ranges Orogeny), as well as collisional tectonics that produced the Delamerian–Ross Orogen. Major changes in the stress field and geothermal gradients of the Australian plate that are synchronous with the assembly and break-up of parts of Rodinia and Gondwana resulted in shearing and repeated brittle reactivation of the Mt. Isa Inlier, probably via the displacement of long-lived basement faults within the Northern Australian Craton. 相似文献
995.
中国部分清洁地区大气中N2O的浓度 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
1993年4月—1995年8月对中国部分清洁地区大气的N2O浓度进行了现场观测,结果表明:农田(玉米田和麦田)大气的N2O平均浓度高达322.1-343.4ppbv,这是土壤排放N2O的结果;临安、龙风山和瓦里关山大气本底观测站(WMO/GAW)N2O的平均浓度分别为318.8±8.4ppbv,317.4±4.7ppbv和314.0±4.2ppbv。在此基础上,分析了大气N2O的分布及变化特征。另外,还对现场取样及N2O浓度测量技术作了初步分析和评价 相似文献
996.
南北地震带中段地震活动的板块动力学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在大陆造山带研究的最新成果基础上论述了南北地震带中段地壳的定变过程,结合造山带内部的高温韧性滑脱构造及地球物理深部探测成果和新生代以来的板块运动探讨了南北地震 段地震的地壳动力学过程及成因机制。 相似文献
997.
Wei Mozheng 《大气科学进展》1997,14(3):355-368
We develop the finite-mode model for a two-dimensional Euler system on the sphere based on Hopped’s discovery in group theory. This model strives to keep as many invariants of the original Euler equation as possible. Theoretically, the number of invariants in this model is limited only by computing power. At present, almost all the popular numerical models in weather and climate researches such as numerical weather prediction models and general circulation models (GCMs) use spectral method. However all these spectrally truncated models do not keep all the invariants except for the energy and the enstrophy. By using this model one is able to study the influence from some other lost invariants. The result from this model is expected to be closer to that of the original Euler equations than from ordinary spectrally truncated models. The relevant fundamental equations and important formulas for this model are given explicitly. 相似文献
998.
999.
Distribution and seasonal variation of concentrations of particulate carbohydrates and uronic acids in the northern Indian Ocean 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Vishwas B. Khodse Loreta Fernandes V.V. Gopalkrishna Narayan B. Bhosle Veronica Fernandes S.G. Prabhu Matondkar Ravi Bhushan 《Marine Chemistry》2007,103(3-4):327-346
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples were collected from the surface seawaters at 31 stations, and from various depths (2 to 1000 m) at 9 locations in the northern Indian Ocean during various seasons. SPM samples were analyzed for total particulate carbohydrate (TPCHO), total particulate uronic acid (TPURA) and total particulate neutral carbohydrate (TPNCHO) concentrations and composition. Strong spatial, temporal and depth related variations were evident in the distribution of these compounds. In surface waters, concentrations of TPCHO, TPNCHO, and TPURA varied from 0.57 to 3.58 μM C, 0.11 to 2.34 μM C, and from 0.01 to 0.31 μM C, respectively, and accounted for 2.6 to 34.6%, 2 to 24.5%, and 0.2 to 6.3% of POC, respectively, whereas the TPURA accounted for 4.7 to 22.7% of TPCHO. Concentrations and yields of both TPNCHO and TPURA decreased rapidly in the upper 100 m of the water column suggesting their utilization by heterotrophic organisms. Glucose was the most abundant constituent of the TPNCHO. Glucose mole fraction decreased while that of other monosaccharides, especially galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose and fucose increased in the upper 100 m water. Below this depth, mole fraction of glucose increased while that of other sugars decreased with the increasing water depth. Generally, high C:N ratios were associated with low yields of carbohydrates and uronic acids. Inverse correlation between the mole fractions of arabinose plus xylose and rhamnose plus fucose indicates the importance of biogenic and terrestrial organic matter input to the Bay of Bengal. TPURA are surface-active in nature and thus may play an important role in coagulation of particles and macromolecules. The observed spatial and seasonal variations of these compounds may be due to differences in phytoplankton biomass, nutrient status, and the influence of terrestrial material. 相似文献
1000.
Dissolved Organic Matter in Oceanic Waters 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
The amount of information on oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) has increased dramatically in the last decade thanks to
the advances in chemical characterization. This information has supported the development of some novel and important ideas
for DOM dynamics in the ocean. Consequently, we have a better understanding of the importance of DOM in oceanic biogeochemical
cycles. Here we review studies published mainly during 1995–2001, synthesize them and discuss unsolved problems and future
challenges. The measurement, distribution and turnover of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are presented as the bulk dynamics
of the oceanic DOM. The size spectrum, elemental composition, and chemical compositions at molecular and functional group
levels are described. The mechanisms proposed for the survival of biomolecules in DOM are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献