南海季风爆发与梅雨活动

在统计分析1868～1998年资料的基础上,研究了南海季风爆发时间与梅雨活动的相互关系。分析表明南海季风爆发的尺早与梅雨的开始及结束有较好的反相关关系,对梅雨的入、出时间预报有一定的指示意义。     

地壳变形与地下水相互作用及其异常关系初探

地壳变形与地下水之间既相互作用又相互影响。 文中首先借助扩容串通模型研究了地壳变形与地下水相互关系, 讨论了两者之间的相互作用、 相互影响; 然后从地壳变形和地下水位异常是否为主要控制因素进一步分析了地壳变形与地下水相互作用、 相互影响以及对地震的触发作用; 最后通过震例进行佐证。     

Orthorectification of VHR optical satellite data exploiting the geometric accuracy of TerraSAR-X data

Orthorectification of satellite data is one of the most important pre-processing steps for application oriented evaluations and for image data input into Geographic Information Systems. Although high- and very high-resolution optical data can be rectified without ground control points (GCPs) using an underlying digital elevation model (DEM) to positional root mean square errors (RMSEs) between 3 m and several hundred meters (depending on the satellite), there is still need for ground control with higher precision to reach lower RMSE values for the orthoimages. The very high geometric accuracy of geocoded data of the TerraSAR-X satellite has been shown in several investigations. This is due to the fact that the SAR antenna measures distances which are mainly dependent on the terrain height and the position of the satellite. The latter can be measured with high precision, whereas the satellite attitude need not be known exactly. If the used DEM is of high accuracy, the resulting geocoded SAR data are very precise in their geolocation. This precision can be exploited to improve the orientation knowledge and thereby the geometric accuracy of the rectified optical satellite data. The challenge is to match two kinds of image data, which exhibit very different geometric and radiometric properties. Simple correlation techniques do not work and the goal is to develop a robust method which works even for urban areas, including radar shadows, layover and foreshortening effects. First the optical data have to be rectified with the available interior and exterior orientation data or using rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs). From this approximation, the technique used is the measurement of small identical areas in the optical and radar images by automatic image matching, using a newly developed adapted mutual information procedure followed by an estimation of correction terms for the exterior orientation or the RPC coefficients. The matching areas are selected randomly from a regular grid covering the whole imagery. By adjustment calculations, parameters from falsely matched areas can be eliminated and optimal improvement parameters are found. The original optical data are orthorectified again using the delivered metadata together with these corrections and the available DEM. As proof of method the orthorectified data from IKONOS and ALOS-PRISM sensors are compared with conventional ground control information from high-precision orthoimage maps of the German Cartographic Survey. The results show that this method is robust, even for urban areas. Although the resulting RMSE values are in the order of 2-6 m, the advantage is that this result can be reached even for optical sensors which do not exhibit low RMSE values without using manual GCP measurements.     

阿尔泰南缘麦兹火山-沉积盆地东部萨吾斯铅锌矿床成因探讨

萨吾斯铅锌矿床位于阿尔泰南缘麦兹火山-沉积盆地东部,本研究首次阐述了该矿床的地质地球化学特征及其成因。该矿床赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组,以层状黑云石榴铁闪石矽卡岩、变流纹质晶屑凝灰岩、流纹斑岩、少量不纯大理岩为主要赋矿岩石;矿化与两类矽卡岩密切相关;表现出矽卡岩矿床与火山喷流沉积矿床的双重特征。野外地质考察、岩石薄片观察以及大量的矿物化学成分分析等表明,矽卡岩主要由锰铝榴石、铁铝榴石、铁闪石、黑云母和少量铁锰钙质碳酸盐矿物组成,其原岩为凝灰岩及其所夹的铁锰钙质碳酸盐条带;二者相互渗透交代的尺度局限于几厘米,与接触交代成因矽卡岩形成鲜明对比。综合上述,萨吾斯铅锌矿床不属接触交代矽卡岩型,而与火山喷流-沉积作用密切相关。与金属硫化物共生的石英脉氧同位素及其包裹体碳、氢同位素组成表明,成矿流体由岩浆水与表层流体混合而成。因此,萨吾斯铅锌硫化物矿床为火山喷流成因,这为阿尔泰南缘块状硫化物矿床的成因研究和找矿勘探部署提供重要理论依据。     

Mutual gravitational potential and torque of solid bodies via inertia integrals

The mutual gravitational potential and the mutual gravitational torque of two bodies of arbitrary shape are expanded to the fourth order. The derivations are based on Cartesian coordinates, inertia integrals with relation to the principal reference frames of each body, and the relative rotation matrix. The current formulation is convenient to utilize in high precision problems in rotational dynamics.     

再论油气与金属（非金属）矿床的相互关系

本文根据近代Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ同位素地球化学在油气研究领域的新成果，指出油气与金属（非金属）矿床的相互关系需重新审视。从卤水、火山作用对油气、金属（非金属）矿床分布的影响，认为造成油气与金属（非金属）矿床这种空间分布关系的主要原因，可能由于它们均源于深部物质，而不是上部地壳的矿源层、烃源层。深入进行这项研究，必将对矿床成因理论有新的突破，并将对矿床勘探产生重大影响。     

From public to private to … mutual? Restructuring water supply governance in England and Wales

A little over a decade after privatization, the water supply industry in England and Wales is undergoing a period of restructuring; many water companies have withdrawn from equity markets, some have separated asset ownership from operation and maintenance, and others have made proposals to return water supply infrastructure to public control through ‘mutuals’ or ‘customer corporations’. This paper situates the restructuring of the water industry within broader debates over ‘associative self-governance’ taking place in Britain. Underpinned by a conceptual framework drawing on insights from regulation theory, in which governance models are enacted through regulatory practice, the interrelationship between restructuring and re-regulation of the water supply industry is analyzed. The paper argues that the failure of the post-privatization regulatory model to contain the contradictions between stable returns and the efficiency imperative, on the one hand, and politically acceptable rates of return and the equity imperative, on the other, led to a re-regulation of the water supply industry, which was a key factor in restructuring. Restructuring has entailed multiple strategies (diversification, internationalization, vertical de-integration, mutualization, securitization), which are briefly analyzed. In contrast to analyses which depict restructuring as a ‘retreat of the market’, the analysis presented in this paper emphasizes the continuity of the commercial governance model applied in the water supply industry in 1989. In interpreting restructuring as an industry response to re-regulation of services provision, the paper interrogates the incentive structure underpinning current proposals for a ‘mutual’ future for public services in Britain.     

甘东南甘青川交界地区中强地震前中等地震活动共性特征研究

分析研究了1970年以来甘东南甘青川交界地区Ms≥5.0级地震前中小地震时空演化过程。结果指出，该区中强地震前地震活动在时、空、强等方面存在较为广泛的共性特征，对区域震情判定、分析预报具有实用价值。     

钾,钠交代作用与铀,金,铁等内生金属矿产的关系

本文详细论述了钾、钠交代作用的矿物特征和地球化学特征，指出钾、钠交代作用的主要方式是渗透交代和液固相交代。主要表现特征是以钾长石或钠长石矿物假象交代原岩中的其它矿物；钾、钠交代作用与Ｕ，Ａｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｗ，Ｃｕ，Ｎｂ，Ｔａ等内生矿产成矿的密切关系，是由钾、钠元素本身的地球化学特征决定的。     

Input variable selection for water resources systems using a modified minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mMRMR) algorithm

Input variable selection (IVS) is a necessary step in modeling water resources systems. Neglecting this step may lead to unnecessary model complexity and reduced model accuracy. In this paper, we apply the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) algorithm to identifying the most relevant set of inputs in modeling a water resources system. We further introduce two modified versions of the MRMR algorithm (α-MRMR and β-MRMR), where α and β are correction factors that are found to increase and decrease as a power-law function, respectively, with the progress of the input selection algorithms and the increase of the number of selected input variables. We apply the proposed algorithms to 22 reservoirs in California to predict daily releases based on a set from a 121 potential input variables. Results indicate that the two proposed algorithms are good measures of model inputs as reflected in enhanced model performance. The α-MRMR and β-MRMR values exhibit strong negative correlation to model performance as depicted in lower root-mean-square-error (RMSE) values.