Stratigraphy,structure and tectonics of Lower Ordovician and Devonian strata of the central part of the Wonominta Block,western New South Wales

K‐Ar age determinations on granites from Central Queensland support the conclusions of field mapping, that the intrusives of the Anakie High are generally older than the rocks of the Drummond Basin. Results on granites from the Bowen‐Collinsville region indicate that they pre‐date most of the Bowen Basin sediments. Four ages are reported for basement rock from bore‐cores in the Great Artesian Basin. They confirm Precambrian basement to the south of the Mt. Isa‐Cloncurry area, and suggest possible Precambrian in the Long‐reach Spur. Two samples from the Nebine Ridge give Lower Carboniferous results. A previous report of Permian basement in the Surat Basin has been shown to be incorrect.     

江汉盆地当阳向斜区主要不整合面剥蚀厚度

本文利用磷灰石裂变径迹、(U-Th Sm)/He及镜质体反射率Ro％等古温标方法综合分析了江汉盆地当阳向斜区主要不整合面剥蚀厚度.结果表明:发育于古近纪末期不整合面T1界面累积剥蚀厚度超过1000m,且局部正反转区域如谢家湾断褶带等则遭受更大规模的剥蚀,剥蚀厚度可能超过2000m,而发育于晚侏罗世一早白垩世的不整合面T11界面累积剥蚀厚度超过4000m,且主要是晚侏罗世早白垩世构造事件的结果,表明该期剥蚀量明显大于古近纪末T1界面剥蚀量;晚三叠世—侏罗纪期间,当阳地区发育前陆坳陷带,侏罗纪堆积体具有明显东厚西薄的楔形体特征,位于盆地东部的前渊区沉积厚度可超过5000m;包括现今三叠系和侏罗系出露区以及江陵凹陷局部断隆区在内的前白垩系在侏罗纪前陆坳陷带发育时期达到最大埋深和最高古温度,其Ro％主要是该期获得的;晚白垩世—古近纪发育的断陷盆地范围可能远比现今残留盆地分布广,江陵凹陷上白垩统—古近系厚度超过9000m,其中古近系可能超过7000m,而在河溶凹陷谢家湾断褶带古近系厚度可超过3300m.     

内蒙古东升庙一带花岗质岩体锆石年代学及其构造意义

研究区位于华北地块北缘西段,是解析中亚造山带构造演化的关键部位。本文在野外地质调查基础上,应用TIMS锆EU—Ph测年法对东升庙一带主要花岗-闪长质侵入岩体进行分析,完善了原有工作成果。证实了该区存在太古代结晶基底（（2619±18）Ma、（2563±1）Ma）,并于古元古代中晚期（2．0Ga）经历了一次强烈的碰撞造山运动,造成了闪长质与花岗质岩浆侵位,以及1．9Ga的变质事件。而后又经历了中元古代伸展裂解、石炭纪中晚期洋壳俯冲（（304±3．4）Ma、（320．5±2．9）Ma）和二叠纪～三叠纪碰撞拼合（（227．6±4）Ma、（246±2．5）Ma）3个重要的构造事件阶段,并伴有大规模岩浆侵入。     

The Late Triassic Dengfuxian A-type granite,Hunan Province: age,petrogenesis, and implications for understanding the late Indosinian tectonic transition in South China

The Triassic (Indosinian) granites in the South China Block (SCB) have important tectonic significance for understanding the evolution of Eastern Asia. The Dengfuxian biotite granite in eastern Hunan Province, China, reported in this article, was recognized as Late Triassic (late Indosinian) weakly peraluminous A-type granite with a zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb age of 225.7 ± 1.6 Ma. It is enriched in F, Cs, Rb, Th, high field strength elements, and rare earth elements (REEs) and depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti, Nb, and Ta, with high Ga/Al ratios and zircon saturation temperatures. The Dengfuxian biotite granite shows high initial Sr isotope values (0.715932 to 0.716499) and negative ?_Nd(t) (?10.46 to ?9.67) and ?_Hf(t) (?9.92 to ?6.29) values, corresponding to the Nd model ages of 1.79 to 1.85 Ga and the Hf model ages of 1.65 to 1.88 Ga. It is proposed that the Dengfuxian biotite granite was derived from high-temperature partial melting of the Palaeoproterozoic lower crust undergoing granulitization. Some Late Triassic A-type granites were recently identified in the SCB with the ages between 202 and 232 Ma. These A-type granites have the same geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis as Dengfuxian A-type granite, and show A₂-subtype granite affinity. The Late Triassic A-type granite formed a NE-trending granite belt, which is consistent with the main NE-trending faults in the SCB. The formation of these A-type granites was in response to the subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate underneath the SCB, and indicates an extensional tectonic environment in the SCB. Combined with previous studies on tectonic evolution, we suggest that there may be a tectonic transition inside the SCB from compression to extension at least from 225 to 230 Ma.     

Petrogenesis of a Palaeoproterozoic S-type granite,central Wuyishan terrane,SE China: implications for early crustal evolution of the Cathaysia Block

We present zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of the Xiaochuan gneissic granite intrusion, SE China, to constrain its petrogenesis and provide insights into early crustal evolution of the Cathaysia Block. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of a representative sample yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb age of 1839 ±16 Ma, interpreted as the emplacement age of the Xiaochuan granite. Zircons have ?_Hf(t) values ranging from –8.1 to 2.7 and T _DM2 model ages from 2.23 to 3.03 Ga. The granites are strongly peraluminious (A/CNK = 1.14–1.41), with relatively high FeO^t, TiO₂, and CaO/Na₂O, and low CaO, Al₂O₃/TiO₂, and Rb/Sr values. In addition, they show strongly negative Ba, Sr, Nb, and Ta and positive Th and Pb anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram, similar to other Cathaysia Palaeoproterozoic S-type granites. The geochemical and Hf isotopic signatures suggest that the Xiaochuan gneissic granites were generated by partial melting of Archaean crustal materials in an intraplate extensional setting. Our results, combined with existing geochronological data, further demonstrate that the Wuyishan terrane is underlain by Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement.     

Quantitative assessment and significance of gas washing of oil in Block 9 of the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China

Some Ordovician and Triassic oils in Block 9 are characterized by light oils,which have distinctly differentiated from heavy oils in other blocks in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Based on the whole oil gas chroma- tograms,this paper estimates the effect of oil migration and fractionation and the amount of depletion(Q)in terms of the n-alkanes depletion model.The results showed that the amount of depletion in the Ordovician reservoir is highest in the east of this block,e.g.the depletion is 97% in Well T904.The amount of Q gets lower to the west,e.g.the depletion is 53.4%in Well T115 and there is no sign of depletion in Well S69.It is suggested that the direction of gas washing is from the east to the west.The compositions and isotopic characteristics of associated gas in Ordovician oils indicated that the gas might be derived from Cambrian source rocks of the Caohu Depression which lies to the east of Block 9.In contrast,no obvious depletion of n-alkanes in Triassic oils was found,suggesting that the migration pathway of natural gas has been limited to the Ordovician karst fracture system formed in the Early Hercynian Orogeny.Different depletions of the Ordovician and Triassic oils can reveal fault activities in this region.     

扬子地块东南缘大地构造演化及其油气地质意义

华南扬子地块东南缘成冰纪至早古生代可划分为3个大地构造演化阶段:南华裂谷阶段(820～635 Ma),在扬子地块东南缘的主裂谷系中,沉积了一套冲洪积相碎屑岩、陆相火山岩、深水重力流及冰碛岩等火山-碎屑岩组合;被动大陆边缘演化阶段(Nh—Camb,635～488Ma),扬子地块东南缘发育了一套最大厚度超过3000m的以碳酸盐岩沉积为主的超层序;前陆盆地演化与造山阶段(O—S,488～420Ma),发育了另一个套超层序,下部以碳酸盐岩沉积为主,上部以陆相碎屑岩为主。在盆地演化过程中,扬子地块东南缘不仅沉积了3套重要烃源岩:陡山沱组富有机质的泥质碳酸盐岩和黑色页岩、牛蹄塘组黑色页岩、五峰组—龙马溪组黑色岩系,也发育了各种优质的储集层。而位于雪峰山西侧褶皱带之内的湘、鄂、黔、渝及川相邻区,油气地质条件优越,是下古生界油气(含页岩气)勘探的有利地区。     

巴颜喀拉块体东部活动块体的划分、形变特征及构造意义

基于活动块体的基本概念,综合对研究区内活动断裂带空间展布、地震活动性等资料的分析将巴颜喀拉块体东部及邻区划分为巴颜喀拉块体（I）、华南块体（Ⅱ）、川滇块体（Ⅲ）和西秦岭块体（IV）等4个一级块体.利用GPS形变场、地球物理场等资料结合F检验法,将巴颜喀拉块体划分为阿坝（I₁）、马尔康（I₂）和龙门山（I₃）3个次级块体,将西秦岭块体划分为岷县（IV₁）和礼县（IV₂） 2个次级块体.利用分布在各个块体内部的GPS测站,计算各活动块体及块体边界断裂带的运动变形特征.结果表明：各活动块体的整体运动包括平移和旋转运动;东昆仑断裂带、甘孜—玉树断裂带和鲜水河断裂带的滑动速率明显高于龙门山断裂带的滑动速率;巴颜喀拉块体东部走向北西或北西西的边界断裂表现出左旋拉张的特性;走向北东的边界断裂带,除成县—太白断裂带外,均表现出右旋走滑兼挤压的活动特征.巴颜喀拉块体的东向运动存在自西向东的速度衰减,衰减主要被龙日坝断裂带和岷江断裂带分解吸收,其中龙日坝断裂带的水平右旋分解非常明显,约为~4.8±1.6 mm/a,岷江断裂带的水平分解较弱.龙门山断裂带被马尔康、龙门山和岷县等次级块体分成南、中、北三段,龙门山断裂带中段上的主压应变率要明显小于龙门山断裂带南段上的应变率,其北西侧变形幅度从远离断裂带较大到靠近断裂带逐渐减小,表明其在震前已经积累了较高的应变能,有利于发生破裂滑动.汶川地震后,地表破裂带和余震分布揭示的断裂带运动性质自南西向北东由以逆冲运动为主,逐渐转为逆冲兼走滑的特征可能与龙门山断裂带中段所受主压应力方向自南西向北东的变化有关.马尔康、龙门山和岷县3个次级块体与华南块体之间较低的相对运动速度以及龙门山断裂带低应变率、强闭锁的特征都决定了汶川地震前龙门山断裂带低滑动速率的运动特征.     

A structural metamorphic study of the Broken Hill Block, NSW, Australia

The prograde pressure–temperature (P–T) path for the complexly polydeformed Proterozoic Broken Hill Block (Australia) has been reconstructed through detailed structural analysis in conjunction with calculation of compositionally specific P–T pseudosections of pelitic rock units within a high‐temperature shear zone that formed early in the tectonic evolution of the terrane. Whilst the overall P–T path for the Broken Hill Block has been interpreted to be anticlockwise, the prograde portion of this path has been unresolved. Our results have constrained part of this prograde path, showing an early heating event (M1) at P–T conditions of at least c. 600 °C and c. 2.8–4.2 kbar, associated with an elevated geothermal gradient (c. 41–61 °C km^?1). This event is interpreted to be the result of rifting at c. 1.69–1.67 Ga, or at c. 1.64–1.61 in the Broken Hill Block. Early rifting was followed by an episode of lithospheric thermal relaxation and burial, during which time sag‐phase sediments of the upper Broken Hill stratigraphy (Paragon Group) were deposited. Following sedimentation, a second tectonothermal event (M2/D2) occurred. This event is associated with peak low‐pressure granulite facies metamorphism (c. 1.6 Ga) and attained conditions of at least 740 °C at c. 5 kbar. A regionally pervasive, high‐temperature fabric (S2) developed during the M2/D2 event, and deformation was accommodated along lithology‐parallel, high‐temperature shear zones. The larger‐scale deformation regime (extensional or shortening) of this event remains unresolved. The M2/D2 event was terminated by intense crustal shortening during the Olarian Orogeny, during which time the first mappable folds within the Broken Hill Block developed.     

The storage potential of different surface coverings for various scale storms on Wu-Tu watershed,Taiwan

An impervious surface cover is continuously spreading over the Wu-Tu upstream watershed due to the concentrated population and raised economical demands, while that area also frequently suffers from heavy storms or typhoons during the summer season. The increased flood volume due to this extended imperviousness causes a greater potential hazard than that of the past. In order to evaluate the urbanized impacts on the watershed, a set of methods were used to estimate the changes of the watershed storage. This research chose 51 observed events from three raingauges on the Wu-Tu upstream watershed, Taiwan, to study the volume characteristic of abstracted rainwater. In the study, the block Kriging method was used to estimate the area rainfall and the hourly excess was derived through the non-linear programing (NLP). A total of 40 samples were calibrated through the hydrological model and the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) model using the optimum seeking method in order to search out and establish the best parameters that illustrate the hydrological and geomorphic conditions at that time. Eleven cases were used to examine the established relationship of the parameters and the impervious coverings. A design storm approach was used to view the changes of the volume for various scale storms/typhoons because of the different degrees of urbanization. Then, a diagram was designed to show the relationships that exist among the runoff coefficient, return period, and impervious surface. The satisfactory results show that storage capability of rainwater for various scale storms on the Wu-Tu watershed would be respectively reduced about 42–156 cms in different decrements up to now.