市政管道状况评价技术研究

本文首先对管道缺陷状况进行了总结分类,并对管道缺陷状况评价方法进行了探讨,以此为基础,用VB6．0开发了相应的管道状况评价软件,然后,采用层次分析法对管道各类缺陷严重性进行了分析,得出管道修复优先次序,为市政管道的评价与维护提供了一定的参考意见。     

Understanding Space,Understanding Citizenship

Location knowledge is typically assessed using outline maps. A new set of questions reflect spatial thinking research and helps to assess student location knowledge. A small group (145) of first-year college students helped to refine the items. Question styles include: open-response, multiple-choice, listing, labeling, and sketching. Topics include: grid knowledge, world regional references, neighboring countries, neighboring features, and shapes of borders. This instrument combines spatial thinking research and expectations in geography standards.     

农牧民偏好对政府主导生态建设工程的生态适应性意义——以江西山江湖和青海三江源为例

使用参与性农村评估、历史资料文献、生态时限等方法,重点分析农牧民偏好对生态建设工程的生态适应性。结果表明:山江湖农民和三江源牧民在经济收益最大、生产方式延续和信仰习俗维持上的偏好是决定政府主导生态建设工程能否顺利实施并取得预期成效的稳定性力量,具体生态适应性措施选择和对策安排时必须确保、延续或维持,它们有的可为生态适应性对策的安排或进一步合适调整提供新的思路或指示,有的则因本身就是生态适应性恢复或重建做法可直接利用的。但是,山江湖农民偏好归根结底就是对经济利益最大化的追求,山场重建的适应性安排中易于利用,而三江源牧民偏好则仍停留于宗教习俗框架内,草场恢复的适应性调控中难以改变。但在施加适当引导措施的情景下,前者可转换为更为主动的适应性参与而后者仍有很大的被动性。     

基于MapGIS开发的国土资源电子政务系统

基于GIS技术的国土资源政务信息系统是当前国土资源信息化建设的重要技术手段之一。以国产MapGIS为基础开发平台,针对通化市国土资源局电子政务系统设计中的需求调查与分析、体系结构设计和系统功能设计、系统安全设计等方面进行了较全面地分析,详细介绍了通化市国土资源局电子政务系统的实现与应用。     

数字义马电子政务系统的设计与实现

通过对义马市各单位信息化现状的分析,提出了电子政务系统建设的目标.对电子政务系统的用户进行了分析,提出了整个系统的体系结构、总体框架和各业务模块功能.最后对电子政务建设的保障提出了相应的措施.     

The Geographic Distribution Of Governmental Powers: The Case Of Regulation*

A crucial characteristic of federal systems is the distribution of regulatory power between the states and the national government. Four factors affect the distribution of powers in the U.S.: the geographic scope of issues, institutional competence at state and national levels, protection of democratic values, and economies of administration. Local or scattered occurrences of a problem, national governmental rigidity, desire for extensive public participation, spatial variation in regulatory preferences, and diseconomies of scale in administration favor state regulation. Widespread occurrences or national significance of a problem, state governmental rigidity, spillover effects, abhorrent local preferences, and economies of scale in administration favor national regulation.     

历史时期官吏在海南开疆文化发展中的作用

以海南岛开疆文化的发展为例，探讨了历史时期各级官员在海南岛文化发展中的作用。指出我国历代的朝廷官员为特殊的选拔机制，从而较一般人更有能力在边疆文化发展呼社会进步中发挥主要作用。文章最后指出，现今我国的西部大开发中，从经济发达地区选派干部到西部挂职锻炼，以及从经济落后地区选派优秀干部到经济发达地区挂职学习是新时期的两种行之有效的开疆举措。     

Institutional arrangements for metropolitan government and strategic planning in Auckland

Abstract:  The task of designing appropriate institutional arrangements for metropolitan government and planning has recently proved highly contestable politically. We interrogate how the role of the Auckland Regional Council (ARC) was zealously contested and hollowed-out during the 1990s. More recently, the impacts of the neo-liberal reforms in Auckland have been mediated by a further round of local government reforms inspired by a Third Way ideology and by the imperative to respond to the planning crisis resulting from infrastructure underinvestment. New regionally based governance arrangements and planning processes have been created. We argue that this new commitment to regionalism can realistically expect to be tested by deep-seated political cleavages within Auckland and by Auckland's relationship with central government.     

Land reform in Namaqualand, 1994–2005: A review

With the transition to democracy in 1994, South Africa was faced with an enormous challenge in redressing the highly unequal and racialized pattern of land rights inherited from the colonial and apartheid past. In Namaqualand, a history of land dispossession and racial segregation presented the new government with a complex set of problems, which led to a series of distinct policy responses within the context of the wider national land reform programme. Land reform in Namaqualand aims to impact positively on local people's access to land, improve livelihood opportunities and develop the local economy. Unique features of the land reform process in Namaqualand include the reform of tenure in the former Coloured Rural Areas, the prominent role played by local municipalities and the heavy reliance on municipal commonage as a form of landholding. This study provides and overview of the process of land reform in Namaqualand since 1994, considering the three elements of tenure reform, land redistribution and restitution of historical land rights. It concludes that, while considerable progress has been made in provision of additional land to historically disadvantaged communities, obstacles remain in the area of post-transfer support to new and emerging farmers.     

Social and environmental regulation in rural China: bringing the changing role of local government into focus

China’s rapid economic growth following the 1978 reforms has resulted in significant economic, social and environmental change. These reforms and their outcomes have been subjected to considerable scrutiny. However, relatively little research has been directed towards the relationship between the changing role of local government, which has itself been subject to substantial restructuring, and the local mediation of the social and environmental impacts of rapid economic growth. This paper investigates the local manifestation of social and environmental change in Zhejiang Province. In particular, it considers the changing role of local government in the regulatory process, and features a case study of Huzhou Municipality. A synthesis of the factual knowledge and perceptions of 48 key-informants from government and public institutions and rural industries is used as the platform for an analysis of the changing nature of local regulation with respect to the provision of key public services (health care and education) and environmental protection (water pollution control). The results reveal the ability of local government to selectively implement national and provincial policies in light of local priorities, which is taken as indicative of the emergence of local agency within local development processes. The case study suggests a need to re-evaluate conventional wisdom on the absence of autonomy at local levels of government in China, particularly as it relates to the continued devolution of administrative responsibility and the emergence of increasingly powerful economic interests.