云南省县级科技管理干部培训需求调查研究

由于当前科技管理体制改革对科技管理干部的管理水平提出了更高要求，故此采用调查表对云南省26个样本县进行了“云南省县级科技管理干部对现代科技管理知识和管理技能培训需求”的调查，调查表包括“项目策化争取”、“项目实施管理”、“机构管理”、“科技服务”4方面共27个与县级科技管理部门工作职能密切相关的培训调查项目。调查结果表明，县级科技干部对“找到使科委提高自身地位的突破点”、“近期内重点工作领域的选择”、“分析上识别科委自身的优势和薄弱环节”3个方面需要加强培训，据此提出了云南省县级科技管理干部应进行培训的基本课程建议。     

Management implications of spatiotemporal non-stationarity in municipal water consumption patterns and drivers

This study analyzed the individual and joint influences of social, urban, and physical drivers on patterns of county-scale municipal water consumption (MWC) the for the state of Texas using a cross-sectional research design on three distinct temporal slices (1990, 2000, and 2010). Global multiple linear regression models and measures of global and local spatial association were combined to determine which drivers significantly influenced county-scale per capita MWC, whether or not the statistically significant drivers varied over time, and to assess the degree to which the patterns and drivers of MWC exhibited spatial stationarity. Overall results suggested the social, urbanized, and physical environments contributed significantly to the patterns of per capita MWC to varying degrees in each year. The social and urbanized environments consistently exerted the strongest influences on per capita MWC, while the physical environment was generally less important. The social environment had the greatest cumulative influence in all three years, and the urbanized environment singly accounted for the majority of the variation in per capita MWC when the joint influences of the other significant drivers were considered. Spatial analysis of MWC patterns and drivers suggested that they both exhibited weak to moderate degrees of spatial non-stationarity in each year, as well as that MWC patterns and drivers may be sensitive to regional and climatic boundaries. Identification of temporally consistent MWC drivers merged with longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs can improve water management strategies by offering managers greater insight into the relationships between landscape change and water consumption patterns.     

The high wire act: a comparison of British transatlantic foreign policies in the Second World War and the war in Iraq, 2001–2003

Drawing upon ideas from critical geopolitics, this paper compares the role that the British government plays within the contemporary transatlantic alliance with that played by Churchill's government during the Second World War. It argues that the Blair government's approach to foreign policy has parallels with Churchill's – that it should act as a bridge between the US and European governments. From this basis the paper reflects upon geopolitical change since 1945, re-evaluating the reasons for foreign policy failures during the Iraq War. Belying the assumption that these were caused by Blair's failures at diplomacy, it argues that failure was the result of an outdated geopolitical strategy.     

Democracy and the environment revisited: The case of African fisheries

This article develops and tests three hypotheses concerning the effects of levels of democracy on levels of overfishing in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results show that the more democratic a country is, the more successful it is in protecting marine environments. However, this effect disappears during turbulent times and periods of rapid political change. The analysis also shows that democracy has a stronger effect on environmental performance than do levels of corruption and government effectiveness.     

In-situ assessment of the dynamic properties of municipal solid waste at a landfill in texas

An understanding of dynamic properties of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is essential for seismic response analysis of MSW landfills in areas of moderate to high seismicity. A field testing program aimed at characterizing the dynamic properties of MSW was executed at two locations in a Subtitle D landfill in Austin, Texas. Shear and primary wave velocities were measured using small-scale crosshole and downhole seismic tests. The combination of these seismic methods allowed an assessment of the effect of waste composition on dynamic properties, anisotropy, and Poisson׳s ratio of the MSW. In addition, steady-state dynamic testing was performed using two mobile vibroseis shakers to evaluate in-situ the nonlinear relationship between shear modulus and shearing strain. Horizontal steady-state shaking at increasing stress level generated shearing strains from 0.001% to 0.2% allowing evaluation of shear modulus reduction curves over a wide shearing strain range. The effect of confining stress on the dynamic properties of the MSW was also evaluated using the substantial weight of the vibroseis as reaction to apply surcharge vertical loads at the surface of the MSW.     

基于CMPP协议的政务信息化网络系统的设计与实现

应用现代通信和网络技术,设计并实现了基于CMPP协议的政务信息化网络系统,主要通过手机短信、电子邮件、网站和电话四种方式收集民众信息,实现了互联网业务与移动增值业务相结合和信息处理的自动分流,使信息处理和回复更具有针对性,信息反馈实现了网站公开和回复到用户手机等多种方式,为政府决策提供第一手资料,为我国电子政务在便民服务方面填补了一项空白。     

The spaces of modernisation: Outcomes, indicators and the local government modernisation agenda

The modernisation of local government has attempted to reinvent central-local government relations by offering freedoms and flexibilities to facilitate the governance of local issues. At the same time, a shift to outcome focussed targets as a new form of governmental rationality allows central government to delimit these opportunities. Drawing on aspects of governmentality and actor-network theory, the paper explores the tensions between these modes of government. It argues that outcome focussed targets circumscribe the limits of local governance by offering a despatialised technology of government. Using a case study of Local Public Service Agreements, the paper highlights the problems 10 English rural local authorities have experienced in their attempts to construct and negotiate a series of local policy targets with central government. The paper shows how the spatial limitations of statistical governance conspire against the construction of targets which reflect local policy priorities. In conclusion we consider the extent to which these limitations are a deliberate act of control and consider the implications for agency within networks of governmentality.     

Review of progress with integrated coastal management in South Africa since the advent of democracy

Worldwide, coastal environments are recognised as complex systems of immense biophysical, socioeconomic and cultural value. In South Africa, the promulgation of the Coastal White Paper in 2000, and the Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) Act of 2008, signalled a significant paradigm shift in coastal management and governance. This article reports on progress with ICM in South Africa from 1994 to the present time, and draws on information gathered from a comprehensive review of the published ICM literature, as well as various technical reports, an online survey, and information gleaned from participation in various meetings and workshops. Here, we review the enabling legal and institutional framework for ICM in South Africa, examine the various programmes, plans, strategies and guidelines developed to support implementation of the ICM Act, discuss institutional developments, and reflect on preconditions for effective and sustained ICM implementation. Despite significant progress, key challenges to implementing this progressive ICM agenda include lack of political support, inadequate institutional capacity, lack of human and financial resources, uncertainty regarding ICM functions across different spheres of government, conflicting policy frameworks, lack of clarity regarding the application of ICM provisions on private and communal land, limited civil-society involvement in decision-making, and persistence of state-centric approaches. Issues requiring urgent action are the establishment of a National Coastal Committee with broad representation, revitalisation of public interest in the coast, declaration of coastal public property and coastal access land, improved cooperation across relevant government agencies, allocation of funds for ICM, and greater commitment to a more deliberative and collaborative style of governance.     

Urban Sustainability Indicators: how do Australian city decision makers perceive and use global reporting standards?

The introduction in 2014 of the first globally standardised sustainability metric for cities, ISO 37120, transformed the concept of scalability for sustainable city indicators. Our study uses original research involving producers and consumers of urban sustainability indicators (USIs), including ISO 37120, to review the current use of sustainability indicators (SIs) in Sydney and ascertain the use-value of internationally standardised USIs as perceived by professionals in the field. Our findings show that managers of cities use SIs in a variety of ways, yet links between SIs and organisational decision making are often weak. The cost of adaptation to a new indicator set may be prohibitive, especially for smaller city governments. Larger cities are seen to benefit more from international exposure and comparison. Highlighting ISO 37120 should be valued for the opportunity it presents for comparative learning regarding the nature of a sustainable city rather than its benchmarking potential. This article recommends that the process of achieving a sustainable city should be informed by ‘strong’ rather than ‘weak’ sustainability; in this regard ISO 37120 has potential for refinement. Further research is needed into determining aspects of city comparability and methods for linking USI data to government decision making in order to achieve sustainability outcomes.     

A Typology of Shared Service Provision in Australian Local Government

Disappointment with the results of forced amalgamation programs across almost all Australian local government jurisdictions has created great interest in shared service models as an alternative method of improving the operational efficiency of local councils, while at the same time preserving local democracy and local autonomy. While an embryonic literature on shared service provision in the Australian municipal milieu does exist, much remains to be done. This paper seeks to contribute to this nascent literature in two main ways: (a) to locate shared services in local government within broader global trends and theoretical disputations on devolution and local economic development, highlighting the importance of political geography in these debates; and (b) in the light of this complexity and ambiguity, develop a new typology of local government shared service provision to inform public policy making on real-world problems in Australian local government.