面向电子政务的业务型GIS研究

我国近年来将建设电子政务作为社会经济信息化的突破口。随着人们对电子政务认识的不断深化和各类电子政务系统功能的不断提升 ,电子政务的建设对GIS数据和技术也提出了强烈的需求。分析了GIS面临的新机遇和挑战。提出了以业务型GIS应对电子政务对GIS数据和技术的需求 ,从而将GIS融入当前社会经济信息化建设的主流中 ,讨论了业务型GIS的概念与特点 ,给出了一种基于sybase公司的PB窗口插件和mapinfo公司的Mapxtreme的B/S解决方案     

The effectiveness of decentralisation reforms in the Philippines’s forestry sector

Decentralisation reforms and political conditions in the Philippines present an ideal environment for forest management by recognising the land entitlements of upland and indigenous communities and promoting the involvement of local government units. By assessing whether current conditions – policies, institutions, and programmes – are conducive to effective decentralisation, this study examines the present state of decentralisation in the forestry sector of the Philippines. By analysing case studies conducted in Nueva Vizcaya Province, it also attempts to answer a broader question: when is decentralisation a success and when is it a failure? A number of uncertainties are revealed, along with various issues that hamper decentralisation, and that are interrelated and reinforce one another in much the same way as they have done over the past decade. The study highlights the need for caution when increasing the involvement of government at different levels, as it affects the pace of decentralisation reforms. It also shows that a mix of site-specific interventions and community endeavours that focus on securing local livelihoods has led to some success. This is a strategy that helps decentralisation reforms.     

The East Side Story – The Transylvanian latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate record and its implications for understanding Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary events

The latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate faunas of the wider Transylvanian area figured prominently in discussions concerning the Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary (K-Pg) events when they were first described by Nopcsa between 1897 and 1929, because they were assumed to be late Maastrichtian in age. Subsequently their age was reconsidered as early Maastrichtian, and were thus regarded of lesser importance in understanding the K-Pg boundary events in Europe and worldwide. Moreover, Transylvanian continental vertebrate assemblages (the so-called ‘Haţeg Island’ faunas) were often lumped together as a temporally restricted assemblage with a homogenous taxonomic composition. Recent fossil discoveries and more precise dating techniques have considerably expanded knowledge of the Transylvanian vertebrate assemblages, their ages, and their evolution. A synthesis of the available stratigraphic data allows development of the first comprehensive chronostratigraphic framework of the latest Cretaceous Transylvanian vertebrates. According to these new data, expansion of continental habitats and emergence of their vertebrate faunas started locally during the latter part of the late Campanian, and these faunas continued up to the second half of the Maastrichtian. During this time, long-term faunal stasis appears to have characterized the Transylvanian vertebrate assemblages, which is different from the striking turnovers recorded in western Europe during the same time interval. This suggests that there was no single ‘Europe-wide’ pattern of latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate evolution. Together, the available data shows that dinosaurs and other vertebrates were relatively abundant and diverse until at least ca. 1 million years before the K-Pg boundary, and is therefore consistent with the hypothesis of a sudden extinction, although this must be tested with future discoveries and better age constraints and correlations.     

用NC搭建政务办公平台

本文介绍了如何通过合理部署NC以及服务器中心,搭建一套经济实用、简便快捷、安全可靠的电子政务办公平台,使之能高效运行政务办公系统,并加强信息安全管理。     

贵阳市政 BJ-1 隧道施工地质超前预报及监控量测技术

BJ-1隧道为一浅埋、偏压的市政隧道,泥、页岩风化严重,岩体破碎,岩溶及地下水发育,地下管线和地表建筑物密集,施工安全风险极大。为确保隧道施工安全、保障地表建筑物及居民安全,隧道的施工地质超前预报和监控量测工作非常重要。在分析隧道可能存在的主要工程地质问题的基础上,结合地质预报重点及难点,以地质法为基础、以地质雷达和HSP声波反射法为主要物探手段,对隧道进行了综合地质预报。根据施工安全控制需要,制定BJ-1隧道施工监测实施大纲,重点实施隧道净空收敛、拱顶下沉、地表沉降和爆破振动等监测工作,建立隧道工程监测预警制度。对超前地质预报及隧道监测成果进行综合分析,为本隧道工程的安全施工决策提供了可靠依据,有效地避免了隧道施工过程中危险事件的发生。本研究方法对同类城市隧道工程设计、施工具有重要参考价值。     

国家工业遗产时空分布特征及影响因素——以中国四批国家工业遗产名单为例

以国家工信部公布的四批共164个国家工业遗产为对象,运用核密度、集中趋势演变等方法,探讨其时空分布特征与影响因素。结果表明：1）国家工业遗产在空间分布上具有显著的正空间自相关性,呈现东南多、西北少,并在空间上形成了“三核两副,片状分布”的格局;2）从遗产类型看,轻工业主要分布在长江流域及沿海区域,重工业较轻工业分布分散;3）工业遗产在省域范围内存在较为明显的三类区：Ⅰ类区在中国东北及东南沿海等“一线地区”,Ⅱ类区为中国西北部的“三线地区”,其他为Ⅲ类区;4）从时间演化看,工业遗产空间分布中心有4次明显转折;5）中国古代工业大多受自然地理及社会经济环境的影响,近现代工业虽受上述因素影响,但更多受民族主义驱动、洋务运动、“三线建设”等历史及政治因素的影响。     

基于ArcGIS的国土资源电子政务系统的设计与实现

GIS的发展一直伴随着在电子政务中的不断应用,基于GIS技术的国土资源电子政务信息系统是当前国土资源信息化建设的重要技术手段之一。结合湖南省长沙县国土资源电子政务信息系统开发的实际,全面阐述了以ArcGIS为基础开发平台的一体化国土资源电子政务信息系统的设计思想、目标、整体结构以及功能的实现,并对系统实现的关键技术问题...     

Place identity and major project deliberation: the contribution of local governments in Australia

ABSTRACT

There is growing recognition of the importance of local governance, for both self-determination and the quality of decision-making. While many authors acknowledge the potential of local governments in providing opportunities for democratic engagement, there is the need for more research into the conditions under which this takes place. The objective of this research is to investigate why, or under what circumstances, local governments enhance participation in and deliberation about major projects in Australia. It does so by analysing two case studies where local governments were highly engaged in advocacy with their communities against large development projects; the East West Link tunnel in Melbourne and the Coal Seam Gas projects of Northern NSW. It finds local governments engaged in these projects due to institutional culture, practices and values, formed after demographic changes in the 1960s and 70s, and associated changes in the place-attachment qualities of residents and the nature and content of their social capital. Through historical instances of community mobilisation, these values became embedded in local governments, enabling them to respond pro-actively to subsequent threats.     

Cross‐agency coordination in the shadow of hierarchy: ‘joining up’ government geospatial information systems

Government agencies striving to make geospatial information systems interoperable and cost‐effective often appear to function as a self‐regulating network shaped only by internal trust and reciprocity. However, recent public management research suggests that external steering of a network, exercised by authoritative bodies through hierarchical means, may invigorate cross‐agency coordination. The two case studies of federal geospatial coordination in Canada and the USA confirm this emerging theory of network–hierarchy dynamics. In these countries, the central budget agency (CBA) is influencing resource flows and accountabilities within a federal geospatial network of government agencies, which in turn affects how these agencies deliver ‘joined up’ services. The CBA relies upon three types of tools: the shaping of network governing structures, promotion of uptake of new management information systems, and the use of evaluation (scrutiny) to solidify accountabilities of the network. Since these tools cast a shadow of hierarchy upon the network, they may be viewed as counter to the voluntary ethos of networks. However, the case studies suggest that the CBA's actions appear to confer legitimacy to the network—resulting in a seeming contradiction—greater central control, more vigorous, distributed geospatial coordination.