Studying local climate adaptation: A heuristic research framework for comparative policy analysis

Climate change poses a significant risk for communities, and local governments around the world have begun responding by developing climate adaptation policies. Scholarship on local adaptation policy has proliferated in recent years, but insufficient attention has been paid to operationalization of the unit of analysis, and methods employed are typically inadequate to draw inferences about variation across cases. This article seeks to contribute to the conceptual and methodological foundations of a research agenda for comparative analysis of local adaptation policies and policy-making. Synthesizing insights from policy studies literature and existing adaptation research, the article identifies and operationalizes two aspects of public policy—policy content and policy process—which are salient objects of comparative analysis that typically vary from one community to another. The article also addresses research design, outlining a comparative case study methodology that incorporates various qualitative analytical techniques as the vehicle to examine these policy elements in empirical settings.     

Agricultural Heritage Protection and Development Policy from the Perspective of Government Documents

The active utilization and inheritance of agricultural heritage cannot be separated from the support of relevant government policies. This study combined the bibliometric method and content analysis method to analyze the agricultural heritage protection and development policies based on the government’s 410 agricultural heritage official documents and constructed a six-dimensional analysis framework of document release form, release subject, release quantity, document relevance, document type, and document content. The results show that the form and subject of document release are diversified; the number of documents released has an approximate inverted “U”-type characteristic; the number of documents formulated specifically for agricultural heritage is relatively small (21.46%); and information documents and guidance documents are more favored by the government than incentive documents. The discussion of the document content demonstrates that the excavation and application of agricultural heritage are worthy of further improvement; the economic value is widely used in the multifunctional utilization of agricultural heritage; and farmers, enterprises, scientific research institutions, and governments are all crucial participants in the management of agricultural heritage. Some problems remain in the government’s management of agricultural heritage, such as producing too few targeted documents and the insufficient coverage of the documents that have been produced thus far.     

基于AHP和ANN的内网信息安全评估方法研究

为了发现电子政务内网的信息安全隐患,提出一种将层次分析法(AHP)与反向传播人工神经网络(BP ANN)技术相结合的内网信息安全评估方法,基于AHP与BP ANN分别建立模型共同完成评估。以电子政务内网信息安全指标作为样本,利用AHP模型得到指标体系第二层的指标值,再以AHP模型输出值为样本对BP ANN评估模型进行学习和训练,找到输入与输出之间的关系,并对训练好的BP网络进行验证。仿真结果表明,评估方法能够为复杂的电子政务内网进行信息安全评估,评估模型稳定且自适应性强。     

面向政务应用的地理信息公共平台建设

分析了政务用户对基础地理信息公共平台的需求,以珠江三角洲基础地理信息公共平台为例,介绍了平台的总体设计、数据体系建设、平台系统建设,重点对政务应用中关注的平台在线服务系统和共享交换系统进行了阐述,指出测绘部门应加强地理信息公共平台建设,推进资源共享和信息应用服务,为政府各部门综合业务管理和科学决策提供辅助支撑。     

中美地方行政单位对比与翻译

中国是单一制国家结构,行政管理采取隶属性质的层级式行政区划方式。美国是联邦制国家,各州采取相对独立的地方政府模式进行管理。中国行政区划单位和美国地方政府单位在内涵上有很大不同,我国现行行政区划名称的英译存在一些误解和误译,如果对此没有充分认识,容易导致翻译和跨文化交际失误。论文通过对中国行政区划单位和美国地方政府单位进行对比,旨在揭示它们之间存在的实质性差异以及名称上的可译性限度。     

通过制度创新抑制海洋环境管理中的寻租行为

在海洋开发和利用中 ,海洋开发主体对海洋环境产生了负的外部性 ,靠市场的力量是不能解决外部性内部化的 ,必须依靠政府进行海洋环境管理。但在政府进行海洋环境管理的过程中又会产生寻租行为 ,导致海洋环境管理的低效率。笔者认为可以通过制度创新来抑制在政府进行海洋环境管理中所产生的寻租行为     

Factors influencing hazard management by municipalities: The case of coastal communities

As climate and anthropogenic changes increase the vulnerability of coastal areas around the world, the threat (and reality) of coastal hazards grows. These threats arise particularly at a local level, calling out for more knowledge on how to best support coastal municipalities to deal with natural and human-induced hazards. This study seeks to add to the understanding through an examination of local-level experience with hazard planning and responses carried out by coastal municipalities, producing insights on how to reduce their vulnerability and support their resilience. It explores the factors influencing coastal municipalities’ management of relevant hazards to achieve comprehensive multi-hazard risk reduction and adaptation. We do so through a national survey of Canada’s coastal municipalities which assessed experience with hazards, risk perception, hazard prioritization, and the extent and specifics of hazard responses. We characterize the determinants of coastal municipalities’ behaviour and intervening factors, and conduct regression analyses to explain coastal municipalities’ risk perception, hazard prioritization, implementation of management processes for dealing with hazards, and the number of implemented or planned hazard responses. Six key factors were identified that influence hazard responses at the municipal level: experience with hazards; competing priorities; hazard visibility; access to resources (financial and technical capacity) and governance (institutional setting and political capacity). We conclude that municipal hazard responses can be reinforced by increasing the effectiveness of risk communication, promoting participatory processes, providing support for municipalities’ identified needs and priorities, ensuring municipalities have access to relevant information and expertise, and implementing integrated coastal governance and management.     

电子政务建设应“以人为本，服务于民”

文章通过介绍美国应急系统("911"系统)、城市服务系统("311"系统)和电子政务建设与使用情况,提出推进我国公共管理现代化和电子政务建设的建议与措施,特别提出电子政务的规划与建设应"以人为本,服务于民"。     

地理信息产业发展中政府引导策略的构成研究——以浙江省为例

当前地理信息产业正处于飞速发展的进程中。在构建服务型政府的宏观背景下,围绕产业发展中出现的新趋势,如何实现从管理到服务的转变是地理信息产业管理部门亟待解决的问题。本文以浙江省为例,从地理信息产业相关概念、定义及内涵的解析入手,在充分分析浙江省地理信息产业发展现状的基础上,针对目前全省产业发展中的瓶颈,重点从资源建设、产业监管、市场扶持等三个方面深入研究并提出了构建基于服务模式的政府引导策略的初步设想。     

城市政府驻地搬迁对经济增长的影响研究

城市政府驻地搬迁是政府重新配置空间资源以达到优化空间结构并推动地区经济发展的行政手段。然而,当前中央政府对城市政府搬迁的谨慎态度与地方政府热衷搬迁的现实行为产生了矛盾,增强了对该政策评估研究的强烈需求。同时,以往研究较少关注城市政府驻地搬迁对整体经济的影响,且缺乏大样本实证证据。本文选取1996—2016年城市面板数据,采用倾向得分匹配倍差法检验城市政府驻地搬迁对经济增长的影响。结果表明,城市政府驻地搬迁对城市经济增长起到了显著的促进作用,而城市发展因素会调节搬迁带来的经济增长效应,产生异质性结果。其中,搬迁距离、经济发展水平、固定资产投资率、政府干预等城市发展因素会放大搬迁产生的经济增长效应,建设用地增长率会缩减这一效应,而城市规模对搬迁带来的经济增长没有显著的调节作用。从时间效应上来看,城市政府驻地搬迁对城市经济增长具有长期促进作用,并在搬迁约7年后随时间推移逐渐增强。本研究不仅直接检验了城市政府驻地搬迁对城市整体经济增长的促进效应,为优化行政区划调整提供学术依据,也对评估地方政府驻地搬迁效果具有重要参考价值。