GPS-RTK联合全站仪在沿黄公路施工放样中的应用

GPS-RTK技术同全站仪配合使用,能克服各自存在的不足,可在满足放样精度的要求下大幅度提高放样速度,实现优势互补,是当前工程测量中普遍采用的一种作业方式。结合公路工程应用实例,给出了GPS-RTK与全站仪联合作业流程,对两种放样方式和结果进行分析比较,得出了一些有益的结论,以供实际使用参考。     

浙江省两套闪电定位系统地闪数据对比

针对2009—2013年浙江省气象部门和电力部门闪电定位系统 (lightning location system, LLS) 监测的地闪 (cloud-to-ground lightning, CG lightning) 数据,从时空分布及探测效率等方面对两者进行对比。结果表明:电力部门LLS监测的年平均地闪频次稳定大于气象部门LLS监测的年平均地闪频次。从空间分布看,沿海平原和金衢盆地等平原地带,两者的地闪密度相近;在杭州和衢州交界地区,气象部门LLS监测的地闪密度稳定大于电力的地闪密度;在其他地区 (如浙西北、浙中南部和浙南等大部分地区),电力部门LLS监测的地闪密度稳定大于气象部门LLS监测的地闪密度。利用雷暴日数对两者的探测能力对比可知,气象部门LLS对一些较弱雷暴天气过程中的地闪有漏测可能。利用雷击跳闸记录对比分析,电力部门LLS逐年探测效率稳定高于气象部门LLS的探测效率,两者相差约6%。     

机场工程测量中若干问题的分析

讨论了机场工程测量中的几个问题 ,如机场坐标系、GPS机场控制网的建立、机场数字测图及施工放样等 ,并提出实际工作中应采取的措施。     

技术学院,北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院 北京100044,北

IntroductionThe orientation of the earth in space is de-scribed by three kinds of movement .The first ofwhichis the change of the earth axis’directionrelative tothe space .The secondis the change ofthe earth axis’direction relative to the earth it-self …     

三江地区盐源-丽江及川滇地块的地震活动与构造运动态势

阐述了盐源－丽江地块的存在及其边界，根据遥感影像等资料论述了该地块范围内强烈地震活动和构造运动，并提出盐丽、川滇等地块的构造及运动态势应是在印度模块北移、压入欧亚板块并与之夹挤的作用下，使其间部分地球物质向东、东南或转向西南移（流）动的表现。     

易自燃煤层综采工作面回采期间防灭火技术研究

宁夏灵武矿区所采煤层均属易自燃煤层,矿区煤炭自燃防治形势严峻.常规的注水、灌浆、注阻化剂灭火、氮气防灭火难以有效达到矿井防灭火要求.针对以上难题,以灵武矿区枣泉煤矿为例,分析了工作面开采期间的CO气体产生机理,据此提出了煤自燃火灾预防及治理技术思路.通过胶体隔离带的注胶防灭火技术手段,防灭火效果显著,工作面CO的的体积分数持续下降(＜6×10-6),有效得保证了矿井的安全生产.     

The vertical turbulence structure of experimental turbidity currents encountering basal obstructions: implications for vertical suspended sediment distribution in non‐equilibrium currents

Large roughness features, caused by erosion of the sea floor, are commonly observed on the modern sea floor and beneath turbidite sandstone beds in outcrop. This paper aims to investigate the effect of such roughness elements on the turbulent velocity field and its consequences for the sediment carrying capacity of the flows. Experimental turbidity currents were run through a rectangular channel, with a single roughness element fixed to the bottom in some runs. The effect of this roughness element on the turbulent velocity field was determined by measuring vertical profiles of the vertical velocity component in the region downstream of the basal obstruction with the Ultrasonic Doppler Velocity Profiling technique. The experiments were set up to answer two research questions. (i) How does a single roughness element alter the distribution of vertical turbulence intensity? (ii) How does the altered profile evolve in the downstream direction? The results for runs over a plane substrate are similar to data presented previously and show a lower turbulence maximum near the channel floor, a turbulence minimum associated with the velocity maximum, and a turbulence maximum associated with the upper flow interface. In the runs in which the flows were perturbed by the single roughness element, the intensity of the lower turbulence maximum was increased between 41% to 81%. This excess turbulence dissipated upwards in the flow while it travelled further downstream, but was still observable at the most distal measurement location (at a distance ca 39 times the roughness height downstream of the element). All results point towards a similarity between the near bed turbulence structure of turbidity currents and free surface shear flows that has been proposed by previous authors, and this proposition is supported further by the apparent success of a shear velocity estimation method that is based on this similarity. Theory of turbulent dispersal of suspended sediment is used to discuss how the observed turbulent effects of a single large roughness element may impact on the suspended sediment distribution in real world turbidity currents. It is concluded that this impact may consist of a non‐equilibrium net‐upwards transport of suspended sediment, counteracting density stratification. Thus, erosive substrate topography created by frontal parts of natural turbidity flows may super‐elevate sediment concentrations in upper regions above equilibrium values in following flow stages, delay depletion of the flow via sedimentation and increase their run‐out distance.     

巧用CASIO-4800P计算器放样多个单交点平曲线道路中、边桩

根据施工的实践，用CASIO-4800P计算器编制出一个程序，在采用全站仪任意点坐标法放样时，计算出待求点的坐标。达到放样多个单交点平曲线道路中、边桩的简便计算目的。     

中国企业"走出去"存在的问题及原因

近年来,中国不少企业已经走出国门,实施"走出去"的战略.但是从目前来看,还存在不少问题.主要表现在没有实现预期的目标、也没有给国家带来直接或间接的利益.出现这些问题的原因是中国企业竞争力还不强、投资犯有盲动的错误、违背经济规律.照目前的情形来看,中国的企业还不适宜大规模走出去.     

Mode de mise en place des corps salifères dans l'Atlas septentrional de Tunisie. Exemple de l'appareil de Bir Afou

30 km southwest of Tunis, two thin flaky ‘Triassic’ intrusions underline the two flanks of the Atlasic anticline of Bir Afou. These evaporites are interbedded within the Clansayesian shales, and are under and overlain by glauconitic conglomeratic contacts. The ‘Triassic’ flakes, topic of our study, are sourced from the Bir Afou Triassic mass after a rapid pouring out during Late Aptian extensional tectonics. This structure corresponds, for us, to a ‘salt glacier’, similar to that one described at Ben Gasseur by Vila and al. [J.M. Vila, M. Ben Youssef, M. Chikhaoui, M. Ghanmi, Bull. Soc. géol. France 167 (1996) 235–246], which was subsequently folded during Lower Eocene times. Middle and Upper Eocene transgressive formations unconformably deposited on top of the Aptian anticlinal hinge. The major Late Miocene compressive phase is responsible for the present structures and that are superimposed onto the pre-existing ‘salt glacier’. This salifereous system extends the ‘salt glacier’ domain towards the eastern part of the Tunisian Atlas. To cite this article: M. Ben Chelbi et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).