网络环境下多媒体地质资料数据库查询系统

本文介绍了多媒体地质资料在数据库中的存储方式,网络环境下的多媒体地质资料查询、浏览及播放的实现方法。     

Evaluation of out‐of‐plane seismic performance of column‐to‐column precast concrete cladding panels in one‐storey industrial buildings

Recent earthquakes in Italy (L'Aquila 2009 and Emilia 2012) highlighted the vulnerability of precast cladding panels, typically associated with a connection system not designed to account for displacement and rotation compatibility between the panels and the supporting structure. Experimental investigations were performed in the past to investigate the in‐plane performance of cladding panels and design recommendations have been made accordingly; however, in the case of out‐of‐plane seismic loads, the load demand is commonly evaluated in the design practice by means of formulations for nonstructural components. This paper summarizes the results obtained from parametric analyses conducted to estimate the out‐of‐plane load demand in column‐to‐column cladding panels typical of one‐storey commercial and industrial buildings. Empirical equations suitable for both new and existing panels are proposed and compared with the design equations given in Eurocode 8 and ASCE 7. The paper also considers the effects of the development of plastic hinges at the column base and of the roof flexibility on the load demand in panel‐to‐column connections. The roof flexibility may generate the torsion of the panels; consequently, an analytical procedure to account for such effects is proposed. Finally, general design recommendations are made.     

Empirical‐based out‐of‐plane URM infill wall model accounting for the interaction with in‐plane demand

The role of masonry infills in the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings has been widely studied in terms of their strength and stiffness contribution in the in‐plane (IP) direction, while fewer studies have been carried out on their response and modeling in the out‐of‐plane (OOP) direction. In this paper, the state of the art in code and literature provisions regarding infills' OOP capacity and seismic demand is presented, together with a review of the experimental tests that have been carried out to investigate infills' OOP behavior and the effects of IP‐OOP interaction. This review aims to collect an experimental database that is used to evaluate the effectiveness of literature and code provisions and to propose a semiempirical approach both for predicting infills' OOP strength, stiffness, and displacement capacity and for modeling the effects of IP displacement demand on OOP behavior and vice versa. Then, the state of the art on modeling of infills' OOP behavior and IP‐OOP interaction is presented together with a new macro model based on the proposed formulations and conceived to represent the IP and OOP behavior by taking into account the mutual interaction effects. Finally, the proposed model is used for an example application on two case‐study buildings, showing the effects of taking into account or neglecting the IP‐OOP interaction phenomena.     

大地电磁相位超象限现象的各向异性模型研究——以上下结构为例

大地电磁观测数据中的相位超象限现象可以由不同的电性结构产生.本文在已实现大地电磁三维任意各向异性有限差分正演的基础上,以具有上下结构关系的三维各向异性模型为例,分析各向异性体的规模以及参数变化对阻抗相位的影响.在下部各向异性体规模明显大于上部各向异性体或表现为层状特征的情况下,上部各向异性体在两个水平方向上的尺度差异较大,可以看作准二维体时容易发生相位超象限;当上部各向异性体在两个水平方向上尺度相近表现为规则三维体时,要产生相位超象限的现象则需要各向异性体具有更高的各向异性比.在同等条件下,增加各向异性体的各向异性比更容易发生相位超象限;而各向异性走向方位角的变化将直接影响到发生相位超象限的范围.对于准二维模型引起相位超象限的条件,沿用二维模型的近似解析分析方法,进一步构建了基于各向异性体的电导率、背景电导率以及各向异性走向角的相位超象限指标函数,从而更加直观地解释在二维或准二维条件下发生相位超象限现象的模型参数特征.     

引力无需时间传播——“由固体潮发现引力以光速传播的观测证据”不成立

重力固体潮调和分析结果无法证明引力以光速传播。首先,根据固体潮理论,进行调和分析时固体潮理论值和观测值的时间序列是同步的,不存在时差;其次,天体起潮力仅与万有引力有关,与光速无关;第三,调和分析得到的潮汐因子仅反映地球介质的物性变化,相位滞后则反映地球介质的粘滞弹性,两者与天体引力及光到达观测点的时差无关;第四,汤克云和骆鸣津在论证过程中作了过多的人为改正,有些改正使用不当;第五,万有引力与引力波是两个不同的概念,万有引力是相互作用的两个物体之间的一种空间性质,它与两个彼此相互作用的物体同在,无需时间传播,而引力波是一种时空涟漪,需要在特定条件下产生,通过波的形式从辐射源以光速向外传播,并以引力辐射的形式传输能量,两者不可混淆。汤克云与骆鸣津认为,重力固体潮理论值隐含两个假设：1）引力以光速传播;2）引力及光的时差等于重力固体潮调和分析结果的时差。这两个假设并不成立,汤克云与骆鸣津关于引力是以光速传播的论证是一个误会,引力不需要时间传播。     

日本M9.0地震后云南测震数据中

2011-03-11日本M9.0地震后引发的地球自由振荡在测震和地倾斜观测数据中同时出现。其中,测震记录中出现大量低频长周期信号,这些信号的频率在地震计的通频带之外,难以用常规的地震计理论来解释。为判断该信号是地面倾斜还是地面平动,将该长周期信号分别假设为平动及倾斜信号,基于观测系统模型对整个观测过程进行仿真。结果表明, 日本9.0级地震后,洱源台测震数据中周期约为390 s（6.5 min）的通带外信号主要来源于地震计对地面倾斜的响应而非平动。     

Analytical study on comprehensive behaviors of drag anchors in the seabed

Attributed to good performance in the seabed, drag anchors are adopted as an effective anchoring solution in deepwater mooring systems. This type of anchors is drag installed, companying with comprehensive behaviors during movement of the anchor in the seabed, which make the anchor trajectory and therefore the final embedment position difficult to be predicted. On the basis of the mechanical model and analytical procedure, an analytical method is proposed for exploring comprehensive behaviors of drag anchors in both clay and sand. The anchor behaviors are classified as keying, pulling out and diving. The bearing capacity and the trajectory of the anchor can be predicted through the combination of the three behaviors. By comparing analytical predictions with experimental data and other predictions, the efficiency and veracity of the theoretical model are validated. A parametric study is also performed to investigate the effects of different parameters, and to further understand the comprehensive anchor behaviors in the seabed. The present work provides an efficient theoretical tool for analyzing comprehensive behaviors of drag anchors in either clayey or sandy seabed.     

大质量恒星形成:外向流和绿色延展天体

恒星作为宇宙的基础组成元素,其形成过程一直是天文学中的重要研究对象。人们已基本了解中小质量恒星(质量小于8M⊙)的形成和演化过程;受到数量少、嵌埋深、演化快和反馈剧烈等因素的影响,大质量恒星(质量大于8M⊙)的形成过程依然谜团重重。介绍了小质量恒星形成的基本理论,以及吸积盘、竞争吸积、并合三种主流的大质量恒星形成模型;回顾了以往使用红外或射电望远镜对大质量恒星形成区的观测和分析,以及现阶段使用多波段巡天观测手段对大质量恒星形成区的研究成果;着重介绍了目前公认的大质量恒星形成的示踪物——分子外向流的理论和观测现状,以及大质量外向流的优秀候选体——绿色延展天体的发现、理论及观测研究情况。最后,对大质量恒星形成的理论和观测研究进行了总结和展望。     

Flash动画技术在电子地图中的实际应用

利用网络媒体技术Flash制作电子地图,Flash格式的电子地图不仅体积小,而且适应网络流体传输,比其他媒体更容易在网络上传播。在区域范围和数据量都不大的情况下利用Flash媒体技术开发电子地图的突出优点是:技术相对简单、操作容易、使用方式灵活。网络的发展使电子地图比以往任何时代都更贴近我们的生活,它已经不再是只有专业人员才能制作和操作的复杂系统,本文通过详细介绍Flash电子地图的制作过程和各种利用Flash技术实现专业电子地图的部分简单功能,使更多的电子地图爱好者参加到电子地图的制作和开发中。     

基于随机森林算法的广州白云机场终端区雷暴潜势预报

利用2014—2015年夏季雷达资料获取雷暴发生有无数据,计算探空资料的对流指数与雷暴发生有无数据的灰色关联度,发现雷暴产生跟抬升凝结高度气压、850～700 hPa的温度和露点温度、风切变的关系最紧密。接着建立广州白云机场终端区内3类区域(离塔台中心8 km、50 km、100 km)的12小时随机森林分类模型,对不同区域的雷暴潜势进行预报和评估,发现终端区区域面积越大,雷暴发生样本比例越高,临界成功指数CSI、预报准确率AF、探测概率POD越来越高,虚假报警率FAR越来越低,表明预报出来的准确率越来越高。离塔台中心50 km和100 km区域的预报准确率AF和探测概率POD超过70%,对航空重要天气MDRS通报业务有指示作用。同时袋外错误率均低于1/3,随机森林算法的泛化性能好。