西秦岭礼岷前陆盆地构造演化与多金属成矿探讨

礼岷前陆盆地经历了早期深海—半深海的复理石沉积阶段和晚期陆相磨拉石沉积阶段。该盆地在成盆及盆山转换过程中在其前渊、隆后盆地以及褶皱冲断带内形成了Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo等多金属矿床。     

江西银山铜铅锌金银矿床成矿流体及成矿机制研究

银山铜铅锌金银矿床住于江西省德兴市乐德成矿带中段，是我国南方规模巨大的铜铅锌金银矿化集中区。区内构造复杂、岩浆活动频繁，具有独特的成矿环境和有利的区域成矿背景。本文主要研究了银山矿床成矿流体种类、成矿温度、流体盐度、成矿物质来源和成矿机理。根据包裹体均一温度、盐度、成分和氢氧同位素等资料，推断本区成矿流体早期以岩浆热液为主，与铜金矿化关系密切。岩浆热液演化过程中与富含有机质的大气降水不断混合，由于有机质的作用，带来了从围岩中活化、萃取的有用元素，晚期铅锌银矿化与富含有机质的热液流体关系密切。研究表明流体的沸腾对矿质沉淀意义有限．而多种流体的混合在成矿过程中起了重要作用．其中有机流体在成矿中的作用不容忽视。     

Crust-Mantle Structure and Coupling Effects on Mineralization： An Example from J iaodong Gold Ore Deposits Concentrating Area, China

Based on the results of two-dimension velocity structure, 1 : 100 000 aeromagnetic anoma-ly, 1 : 200 000 bouguer gravity anomaly and seismic anisotropy of Jiaodong and neighboring region in Shandong, China, the information of geophysical field was divided into two parts: deep- and shallow-focus fields. And then, the information of two different fields was combined with that of deep-seated ge-ology and ore deposit features. The synthetic result was adopted to analyze three-dimension structure, to probe into crust-mantle coupling effects of mineralization and dynamics of ore formation system.     

北山地区照壁山金矿床地质特征及成因

照壁山金矿床是北山地区中部金矿集中区最具代表性的金矿床之一,金矿化主要在黑云母花岗岩株内或沿其与志留系公婆泉群火山-沉积岩的接触带产出,黑云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar同位素年龄为296±5 Ma.金矿体主要由含金石英脉,网脉和细脉浸染状块体组成,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、自然金和银金矿,脉石矿物为石英和绢云母.围岩蚀变自含金矿脉(体)向外,分别为硅化、绢云母化和绿泥石化;另外,沿岩体与火山-沉积岩接触带常可观察到黄铁绢英岩化.微量元素和硫、氧、氢及铅同位素数据表明:黑云母花岗岩是同碰撞造山期深源岩浆与地壳物质相互作用的结果,成(岩)矿物质主要来自壳幔混合源,含矿热液是岩浆热流体与大气降水混合的产物.海西期花岗质岩浆活动不仅为金矿床的形成提供了物质和热力来源,而且是成矿热液对流循环的"发动机",成矿体系温、压降低是导致金沉淀与富集的重要控制因素.     

Biogeochemical Prospecting of Sulphide Minerals in Winder Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract: The Mor Range is mountainous terrain in southern Balochistan dominantly occupied by exposures of rocks of the Ferozabad Group which is comprised of Lower‐Middle Jurassic carbonates and siliciclastics. This group contains syngenetic and epigenetic Zn–Pb–Ba mineralization classified as Stratiform Sediment‐Hosted (SSH) and Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) deposits. Three important flora of the Saharo–Sindian, phytogeographical region of Pakistan, namely Tamarix aphyl–la, Salvadora oleoides and Acacia arabica have been studied as a mineralization prospecting tool. Samples of these species were collected from Winder Valley adjoining the Mor Range to prospect for new areas of mineralization, besides the known sulphide deposits. This study revealed the Draber, Thorar, Raj, Mithi and Kanrach localities as new prospect. Quantitative estimation of biophile elements (Zn–Cu–Pb) from the three species was made. A number of new Zn, Cu and Pb anomalies were distinguished in the area. The variation in the constituents of these species from different localities possibly varies with nature and distance from bedrock, mobility, climate, average abundance in the plant ash and exclusion mechanism of the flora. Acacia arabica with deep penetrating roots shows the best results and could be used to delineate new horizons of mineralization. In these species Zn and Cu are relatively concentrated whereas Pb shows limited enrichment. Lead therefore is the element best suited for pinpointing the mineralization owing to its relatively less mobile character. Relationships among Zn–Cu–Pb have been established using scattergrams and triangular variation diagram, which also demonstrate their genetic affiliation. Statistical analyses, such as determination of mean, mode, median, standard deviation, and coefficient of correlation, were also made to improve the raw geochemical data. These biogeochemical methods appear to be suitable in arid climate of Balochistan, if proper attention is paid to species selection.     

Mid–Cretaceous Episodic Magmatism and Tin Mineralization in Khingan-Okhotsk Volcano–Plutonic Belt, Far East Russia

Abstract: Age of magmatism and tin mineralization in the Khingan‐Okhotsk volcano–plutonic belt, including the Khingan, Badzhal and Komsomolsk tin fields, were reviewed in terms of tectonic history of the continental margin of East Asia. This belt consists mainly of felsic volcanic rocks and granitoids of the reduced type, being free of remarkable geomagnetic anomaly, in contrast with the northern Sikhote‐Alin volcano–plutonic belt dominated by oxidized‐type rocks and gold mineralization. The northern end of the Khingan‐Okhotsk belt near the Sea of Okhotsk, accompanied by positive geomagnetic anomalies, may have been overprinted by magmatism of the Sikhote‐Alin belt. Tin–associated magmatism in the Khingan‐Okhotsk belt extending over 400 km occurred episodically in a short period (9510 Ma) in the middle Cretaceous time, which is coeval with the accretion of the Kiselevka‐Manoma complex, the youngest accretionary wedge in the eastern margin of the Khingan‐Okhotsk accretionary terranes. The episodic magmatism is in contrast with the Cretaceous‐Paleogene long–lasted magmatism in Sikhote–Alin, indicating the two belts are essentially different arcs, rather than juxtaposed arcs derived from a single arc. The tin‐associated magmatism may have been caused by the subduction of a young and hot back‐arc basin, which is inferred from oceanic plate stratigraphy of the coeval accre‐tionary complex and its heavy mineral assemblage of immature volcanic arc provenance. The subduction of the young basin may have resulted in dominance of the reduced‐type felsic magmas due to incorporation of carbonaceous sediments within the accretionary complex near the trench. Subsequently, the back‐arc basin may have been closed by the oblique collision of the accretionary terranes in Sikhote–Alin, which was subjected to the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene magmatism related to another younger subduction system. These processes could have proceeded under transpressional tectonic regime due to oblique subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plates under Eurasian continent.     

The Hydrothermal Na-Ca Alteration at the Marginal Part 0f the Florina Granite and the Associated Magnetite-Hematite Bands With Thorium and Uranium Mineralization

The Oxia mineralized granite is the product of differentiation in the external parts of the Florina magmatic mass. Acidic hydrothermal solutions either of magmatic or of meteoric origin reacted with the upper tectonically fractured parts of the Florina granite and became enriched in iron, thorium, uranium, zircon and rare-earth elements. The most abundant alteration minerals are sericite and quartz, while the minerals of the mineralization bands include magnetite, hematite, thorite, monazite and zircon. The outer parts of the Oxia granite made it easy the percolation of hydrothermal solutions from the deeper heater to the upper cooler parts of the granite which acted as a hot spot.     

吉南地区斑岩—热液脉型金多金属矿床成矿模式

通过对四个典型矿床（二密，西岔－金厂沟，正岔，荒沟山）的地质，地球化学等综合信息对比，发现它们在形成时间－空间－成因上既相互联系，又相互区别，共同构成斑岩－热液成矿系统。该系统包括“三大”成矿体系，即：幔源岩浆体系，深穿透断裂构造体系，含矿气液流体体系。其中，二密铜矿产于中生代塌陷式火山机构内的斑岩体内外接触带，为斑岩型矿床，西岔－金厂沟金矿产于深穿透性构造控制的斑岩体边部，属斑岩－热液脉型金矿，正岔铅锌矿产于中生代斑岩体与早元古宙地层的外接触带，属热液矽卡岩型多金属矿，而荒沟山金矿则受控于北东向鸭绿江断裂体系与中生代斑岩共存的构造带中，属热液脉型金矿，在区域成矿上构成斑岩型，斑岩－浅成热液脉型和浅成热液脉型多金属成矿模式。     

盆地流体动力学演化及其成矿效应——以广东富湾-长坑银金矿床为例

文章以广东富湾－长坑层控银金矿床为实例，基于各阶段盆地中温度场，压力场和流动场的动力学演化过程与成矿效应的研究，发现盆地流体转变为成矿流体具有漫长的演化与更迭历程；构造演化和盆地的沉积充填特征，不仅直接影响着流体在盆地中的流动样式，而且直接影响着成矿物质空间存在形式的变化以及“流体－岩石”体系中各要素间的再分配。流体的大规模活动及大型矿床的形成与大幅度的构造运动，沉积作用，岩浆活动，火山活动等宏观地球动力作用有关，盆地边缘沟通深部的垂向断裂与浅部不整合面－侧向断裂交汇地段是成矿物质堆积的最佳场所。     

凹凸石粘土与玄武岩的成因关系

在矿物组成研究的基础上，对比研究了凹凸棒石，蒙脱石，凹凸棒石粘土，蒙脱石粘土，玄武岩，风化玄武岩的化学组成。根据化学成分对比，分析了玄武岩与凹凸棒石粘土的成因关系，解释了玄武岩对凹凸棒石粘土的时空控制，结合地质观测，提出形成苏皖地区凹凸棒石粘土的物质成分基本上来源于玄岩的化学风化，但物质成分发生了较大的分异，凹凸棒石粘土不能直接同玄武岩经地表雨水的风化淋滤形成，而是玄武岩风化形成的蒙脱石经搬运沉积，再与镁质溶液反应形成，或凹凸棒石直接从富镁碱性溶液中结晶形成，凹凸棒石粘土形成的物理化学条件为偏碱性的还原条件。