Comparison of cell- and vertex-centered discretization methods for flow in a two-dimensional discrete-fracture–matrix system

Simulations of flow for a discrete-fracture model in fractured porous rocks have gradually become more practical, as a consequence of increased computer power and improved simulation and characterization techniques. Discrete-fracture models can be formulated in a lower-dimensional framework, where the fractures are modeled in a lower dimension than the matrix, or in an equi-dimensional form, where the fractures and the matrix have the same dimension.     

怀来地震台伸缩仪EW向改进试验

对怀来台伸缩仪EW向基线固定端、传感器进行布设改进试验,将原有28m长基线改为两段短基线（东段：14．6m,西段：13．4m）。改进后,两条短基线取得了较好的观测成果,其中东段基线改造效果非常明显,观测曲线干扰减少,光滑度显著提高,观测数据精度明显优于改造前的观测数据。这次改造试验解决了困扰怀来台多年的难题。     

SS-Y型伸缩仪环境干扰的异常研究

对易县地震台SS-Y型伸缩仪2014—2021年观测数据受环境干扰的5个典型事件进行异常分析,结合易县台形变山洞所处的构造应力背景场,并利用模型定量计算得出:①荷载干扰源对易县台伸缩仪观测数据造成的荷载应变量与干扰源的距离、荷载量有关并呈正相关;②易县台SS-Y型伸缩仪三分向中NS测项、NE测项受到荷载干扰曲线异常幅度...     

联合多点地质统计学与序贯高斯模拟的随机反演方法

岩相和储层物性参数是油藏表征的重要参数,地震反演是储层表征和油气藏勘探开发的重要手段.随机地震反演通常基于地质统计学理论,能够对不同类型的信息源进行综合,建立具有较高分辨率的储层模型,因而得到广泛关注.其中,概率扰动方法是一种高效的迭代随机反演策略,它能综合考虑多种约束信息,且只需要较少的迭代次数即可获得反演结果.在概率扰动的优化反演策略中,本文有效的联合多点地质统计学与序贯高斯模拟,并结合统计岩石物理理论实现随机反演.首先,通过多点地质统计学随机模拟,获得一系列等可能的岩相模型,扰动更新初始岩相模型后利用相控序贯高斯模拟建立多个储层物性参数模型;然后通过统计岩石物理理论,计算相应的弹性参数;最后,正演得到合成地震记录并与实际地震数据对比,通过概率扰动方法进行迭代,直到获得满足给定误差要求的反演结果.利用多点地质统计学,能够更好地表征储层空间特征.相控序贯高斯模拟的应用,能够有效反映不同岩相中储层物性参数的分布.提出的方法可在较少的迭代次数内同时获得具有较高分辨率的岩相和物性参数反演结果,模型测试和实际数据应用验证了方法的可行性和有效性.

     

深部含水层黏弹塑固结模型及压密模拟

上海市曾遭受了严重的地面沉降灾害,主要由于浅部含水层开采引发浅部土层固结所致。之后采取了回灌浅部含水层并转向开采深部含水层的措施,地面沉降得到了有效控制。但21世纪初,通过水位及分层沉降监测,发现随着开采量增加,深部含水层也会成为主要压密土层。其变形呈现出显著的非线性压密特征,即使水位普遍抬升,压密仍然持续,开展其固结压密机理模型研究对地面沉降防治十分必要。传统太沙基理论认为砂土骨架是瞬时变形的,忽略了流变性本质,因此无法解释该现象。基于国内外学者的研究,考虑了前期固结压力前后流变性的差异,建立了深部含水层黏弹塑固结压密模型。通过试验获取了相关参数,结合塘桥F16分层标监测结果,对第四含水层长期压密变形进行了模拟。模拟结果很好地反映了含水层长期非线性压密行为,研究结果对指导防治地面沉降有实际意义。     

SS-Y型伸缩仪观测问题分析及优化方法探讨

SS-Y型伸缩仪在我国地震洞体形变监测台网中已安装使用多年。对地球固体潮观测而言,仪器观测资料精度高且长期稳定性较好,但从地震预测的观测需求来看,SS-Y型伸缩仪仍然存在很多不足,如高频信息缺失、抗干扰能力较弱、存在格值误差、自校验能力较差等。对伸缩仪存在的问题进行分析,并提出一种超宽频带短基线伸缩仪的设计思路,以期为后续新仪器的研制提供理论依据。     

Results from microseismic monitoring,conventional instrumentation,and tomography surveys in the creation and thinning of a burst-prone sill pillar

Located in northern Québec, the Lac Shortt Mine was a small gold mine consisting of a thin subvertical orebody which was mined in three main phases. High stress and rockbursting conditions were experienced when ore was extracted in the upper zone between the surface and a depth of 500 metres during the first two phases of mining. Severe rockbursts were experienced in late 1989 near the shaft and in the footwall development following a deepening of the mine shaft to a depth of 830 m and partial development of footwall drift access for the third phase of mining (the mining of the lower zone starting at a depth of 830 m moving upward toward a depth of 500 m). A 16-channel Electrolab MP250 microseismic system, with a Queen's University Full-Waveform piggy-back system, was installed underground at the site due to these problems.It was expected that the thinning sill would be subjected to an ever-increasing load as the thickness of the 500 m sill pillar decreased in the face of the mining excavation from below. A monitoring program consisting of the microseismic monitoring system, a range of conventional geomechanics monitoring tools as well as the undertaking of periodic seismic tomography surveys to assess the ongoing state of stress and rock mass condition within the sill was therefore warranted.The anomalously high-magnitude stress field and the brittle rockmass created a situation in which rockmass failure was common and violent. In the creation and thinning of the sill pillar, the location of banded microseismic activity was crucial in tracing rockmass failure and the associated ground control problems. Reliable source-location determination enabled the identification of areas of stress increase. The movement of the rockmass failure front could be followed, and was responsible for stope dilution, footwall and orebody development deterioration, and caving.Source-mechanism analyses gave accurate double-couple solutions for approximately forty percent of these events having at least ten recognizable polarities. Results suggested movement along vertical north-south striking or vertical east-west striking features. Underground observation of damaged access points showed that vertical north-south striking joints were experiencing failure.The microseismic activity, which was consistently concentrated close to the southwest and northeast corners of current production stopes, could be explained by a stress field oriented obliquely to the strike of the orebody, as measured prior to shrinkage of the sill pillar byin situ stress measurements and observed borehole overbreaks. The orientations of theP andT axes for the microseismic activity further confirmed that the stress field oriented obliquely to strike.While an increase in compressional-wave velocity of 2.3 percent, corresponding to a measured stress increase of approximately 10 MPa could be measured by repeated tomographic surveys, it was relatively small and only a factor of two or so above the velocity measured uncertainty. The relative insensitivity of thein situ rock mass modulus to the applied stress is believed to be largely due to the rockmass discontinuities being relatively closed prior to stress increase, as substantiated by the small deformations seen by the extensometer and borehole camera. This situation existed because of the very high pre-mining stress level.The experimental demonstration that the rock could not absorb substantially increased load through the mechanism of discontinuity closure or tightening (which would be reflected in the modulus) may be evidence in itself of potentially burst-prone ground, such as encountered at Lac Shortt.     

洞体应变观测中荷载干扰实例分析

2012年以来,河北省易县地震台SS-Y型伸缩仪NE向观测曲线转折异常,调查发现,该台周边采石场荷载变化可能是导致数据变化的原因。因此,利用三维实体结构有限元模型,结合荷载变化与地应变异常时间进行对比分析,结果表明:计算得到的伸缩仪NE向年变幅理论值为2.62×10~(-7),而实际观测异常年变幅为4.08×10~(-7),实测应变值几乎是理论值的2倍,可见应变异常变化与采石造成的荷载变化有关。     

SS-Y型伸缩仪观测问题分析及优化方法探讨

SS-Y型伸缩仪在我国地震洞体形变监测台网中已安装使用多年。对地球固体潮观测而言,仪器观测资料精度高且长期稳定性较好,但从地震预测的观测需求来看,SS-Y型伸缩仪仍然存在很多不足,如高频信息缺失、抗干扰能力较弱、存在格值误差、自校验能力较差等。对伸缩仪存在的问题进行分析,并提出一种超宽频带短基线伸缩仪的设计思路,以期为后续新仪器的研制提供理论依据。     

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