The westward drift of the lithosphere: A tidal ratchet?

Is the westerly rotation of the lithosphere an ephemeral accidental recent phenomenon or is it a stable process of Earth's geodynamics? The reason why the tidal drag has been questioned as the mechanism determining the lithospheric shift relative to the underlying mantle is the apparent too high viscosity of the asthenosphere. However, plate boundaries asymmetries are a robust indication of the ‘westerly’ decoupling of the entire Earth's outer lithospheric shell and new studies support lower viscosities in the low-velocity layer (LVZ) atop the asthenosphere. Since the solid Earth tide oscillation is longer in one side relative to the other due to the contemporaneous Moon's revolution, we demonstrate that a non-linear rheological behavior is expected in the lithosphere mantle interplay. This may provide a sort of ratchet favoring lowering of the LVZ viscosity under shear, allowing decoupling in the LVZ and triggering the westerly motion of the lithosphere relative to the mantle.     

松辽盆地北部浅部基底推覆伸展作用的地震学证据与地质意义

已经利用近垂直反射地震叠偏剖面得到太平洋板块西向俯冲远程应力场形成上部地壳滑脱断裂的证据,在此基础上,利用油气地震叠偏剖面发现中远程的蒙古—鄂霍茨克缝合带、远程的太平洋板块西向俯冲带在松辽盆地滨北地区浅部基底共同作用形成的逆冲推覆断裂系统.该断裂系统基本呈双向形式,纵向与横向上表现出不均匀的强度,向西逆冲推覆的断裂系统厚度范围可达到约3~4 km,向东的断裂系统厚度范围可达到约1~2 km,断裂系统组构比较复杂.经过对控盆断裂孙吴—双辽断裂两侧地球物理场分布特征的分析,认为松辽盆地浅部基底的逆冲推覆断裂系统是叠加在孙吴—双辽断裂之上的新的断裂系统.考虑到蒙古—鄂霍茨克缝合带在远离1000多公里之外所产生的内蒙古阴山—燕山大型逆冲推覆断裂带以及松辽盆地的区域构造位置,认为在松辽盆地南部和滨北地区孙吴—双辽断裂构造线之外也应该存在浅部基底内的逆冲推覆断裂.     

内蒙呼包盆地晚更新世孢粉组合及其意义

本文是对内蒙呼包盆地内二级台地沉积物进行孢粉分析的总结。根据对孢粉资料的分析研究得出,该区二级台地沉积物堆积时期的古植被是由森林草原过渡到荒漠草原,气候由湿凉转向干冷。通过孢粉组合的对比,证明二级台地形成于晚更新世晚期,相当于萨拉乌苏组的地层时代     

辽西喀左大型霸王龙类恐龙的产出层位和埋藏环境

辽西喀喇沁左翼蒙古族自治县大城子镇发现了个体巨大的霸王龙类化石,本文对化石点周边进行了实地地质调查和地层剖面测量,通过所测量的剖面与大城子盆地代表性剖面的对比分析,确定了含该霸王龙类化石的层位为下白垩统九佛堂组一段。此外,还对地层沉积与埋藏环境进行了初步分析,认为这一大型霸王龙类接近原地在河流心滩处被埋藏、进而逐渐形成化石。     

非偶极子磁场西向漂移的频散特征

根据第8代国际参考地磁场的资料,本文采用Briggs方法对1900～2000年期间m=1～10次谐波的磁位的全球平均西向漂移速度进行了计算和分析,得出了与Hide的理论预测完全不同的频散特征,即地磁场西向漂移呈现出负频散特征.本文还就Briggs方法得到的结果与采用Malin纬度剖面法的结果进行了比较和讨论,结果表明,正是由于非偶极子磁场的某些谐波分量及其漂移速度的全球分布存在着纬度依赖性,导致了两种方法计算出的个别谐波的漂移速度存在着较大的差异.     

内蒙古中部太古代麻粒岩递增变质成因

由早元古代造山运动早期自北西向南东推覆作用引起并使之得以保存的太古代变质作用强度逆转的剖面出露在内蒙古中部的固阳－武川地区。变质镁铁质岩石中矿物组合的变化在低级区为阳起石＋绿帘石＋绿泥石→普通角闪石＋钠长石→普通角闪石＋斜长石→石榴石（或透辉石）＋普通角闪石＋斜长石→无色角闪岩＋钠长石；在高级区为普通角闪石＋斜长石→紫苏辉石＋透辉石＋斜长石→石榴石＋透辉石（２）＋石英。这些变化已被用来恢复太古代时期从低绿片岩相到麻粒岩相的递增变质序列及尔后经历的近等压冷却的退变质作用过程。高级区变质表壳岩与低级区绿岩带的岩石组合、岩石化学、岩石地球化学和变质作用演化序列的对比研究结果表明，两者属于太古代同一火山－沉积单位。其变质程度的不同起因于在经受区域性递增变质作用时，两者处在地壳的不同位置     

Architecture and mineral deposit settings of the Altaid orogenic collage: a revised model

The Altaids are an orogenic collage of Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic rocks located in the center of Eurasia. This collage consists of only three oroclinally bent Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic magmatic arcs (Kipchak, Tuva–Mongol, and Mugodzhar–Rudny Altai), separated by sutures of their former backarc basins, which were stitched by new generations of overlapping magmatic arcs. In addition, the Altaids host accreted fragments of the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic oceanic island chains and Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic plume-related magmatic rocks superimposed on the accreted fragments. All these assemblages host important, many world-class, Late Proterozoic to Early Mesozoic gold, copper–molybdenum, lead–zinc, nickel and other deposits of various types.In the Late Proterozoic, during breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia, the Kipchak and Tuva–Mongol magmatic arcs were rifted off Eastern Europe–Siberia and Laurentia to produce oceanic backarc basins. In the Late Ordovician, the Siberian craton began its clockwise rotation with respect to Eastern Europe and this coincides with the beginning of formation of the Mugodzhar–Rudny Altai arc behind the Kipchak arc. These earlier arcs produced mostly Cu–Pb–Zn VMS deposits, although some important intrusion-related orogenic Au deposits formed during arc–arc collision events in the Middle Cambrian and Late Ordovician.The clockwise rotation of Siberia continued through the Paleozoic until the Early Permian producing several episodes of oroclinal bending, strike–slip duplication and reorganization of the magmatic arcs to produce the overlapping Kazakh–Mongol and Zharma-Saur–Valerianov–Beltau-Kurama arcs that welded the extinct Kipchak and Tuva–Mongol arcs. This resulted in amalgamation of the western portion of the Altaid orogenic collage in the Late Paleozoic. Its eastern portion amalgamated only in the early Mesozoic and was overlapped by the Transbaikal magmatic arc, which developed in response to subduction of the oceanic crust of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. Several world-class Cu–(Mo)-porphyry, Cu–Pb–Zn VMS and intrusion-related Au mineral camps, which formed in the Altaids at this stage, coincided with the episodes of plate reorganization and oroclinal bending of magmatic arcs. Major Pb–Zn and Cu sedimentary rock-hosted deposits of Kazakhstan and Central Asia formed in backarc rifts, which developed on the earlier amalgamated fragments. Major orogenic gold deposits are intrusion-related deposits, often occurring within black shale-bearing sutured backarc basins with oceanic crust.After amalgamation of the western Altaids, this part of the collage and adjacent cratons were affected by the Siberian superplume, which ascended at the Permian–Triassic transition. This plume-related magmatism produced various deposits, such as famous Ni–Cu–PGE deposits of Norilsk in the northwest of the Siberian craton.In the early Mesozoic, the eastern Altaids were oroclinally bent together with the overlapping Transbaikal magmatic arc in response to the northward migration and anti-clockwise rotation of the North China craton. The following collision of the eastern portion of the Altaid collage with the Siberian craton formed the Mongol–Okhotsk suture zone, which still links the accretionary wedges of central Mongolia and Circum-Pacific belts. In the late Mesozoic, a system of continent-scale conjugate northwest-trending and northeast-trending strike–slip faults developed in response to the southward propagation of the Siberian craton with subsequent post-mineral offset of some metallogenic belts for as much as 70–400 km, possibly in response to spreading in the Canadian basin. India–Asia collision rejuvenated some of these faults and generated a system of impact rifts.     

内蒙古东乌旗达赛脱铅锌矿的控矿构造

通过对东乌旗区域构造及达赛脱铅锌矿区构造带的分析,阐明了NEE向构造为达赛脱铅锌矿区的主要控矿构造.     

我国内蒙古发现的砷铁钙石

砷铁钙石发现于内蒙古白云石大理岩中的金砷铅矿体内，共生的主要矿物有砷铁矾、砷铅石、臭葱石、自然金等。砷铁钙石为金黄色放射状，半金属光泽或丝绢光泽，比重3．56，摩氏硬度4．5，折光率值大于1．800，二轴晶（一）。针铁钙石的化学成分（％）为：CaO 12.96,Fe2O3 28.00,As2O5 40.49,MgO 0.30,H2O 10.35 Pb-O 0.19,总计92．29。结晶化学式为：Ca3Fe^ (AsO4)4(OH)6·3H2O。X射线为晶衍射强度有：8．948（100，200），2．961（44，600），2．777（6，204），2．222（19）。主要红外吸收谱带在3366，1634，946，787，507cm^-1处。     

钇易解石的高分辨电子显微学研究

本文利用EM-430分析透射电子显微镜研究了内蒙古斑岩型稀有金属矿床中的天然量质钇易解石。电子衍射分析表明该矿物系斜方晶系,其晶胞常数为:a=5.22,b=10.92,c=7.44。同时摄取了Z轴方向及X轴方向投影的高分辨结构象。结构象与由X射线结构分析导出的人工晶质易解石结构模型中重原子排列吻合得很好。