1996年5月3日内蒙古包头西M_S6.4级地震的震源机制研究

利用地幔波波形拟合和P波初动符号联合反演的方法,估计了1996年5月3日内蒙古包头西MS6．4级地震的震源机制．得到节面1（40°,70°,－174°）,节面2（308°,84°,－20°）。主压力轴P（-13．95×1017Nm,262°,19°）,主张力轴T（15．66×1017Nm,356°,10°）,中性轴N（B）（1．52×1017Nm,112°,69°）．地震形成左旋走滑兼弱倾滑断裂,断裂面较陡．据ML≥3.0级的余震分布、Ⅷ度区的烈度分布以及宏观震中与微观震中的相对位置推测,节面2可能与实际的地震破裂面相近．据宽频垂直向（BHZ）波形记录中SP与P的到时差估计,震源深度约为21Km．     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗东苏岩石系列的成因与演化

东苏岩石系列具有高SiO2富碱的特征，各组成单元之间具有明显的脉动型或涌动型侵入接触关系。但是，无论是主元素还是痕量元素地球化学特征，均不能用单一的岩浆成因模型得到解释。根据地质学、岩石学与地球化学特征，认为岩浆起源于麻粒岩相下地壳，源区残留矿物组合中含有斜长石，不含石榴石和角闪石。较早形成的芒乃陶勒盖单元可能与钾长石的堆晶作用有关，哈纳音哈达单元有幔源组分的贡献，哈纳音哈达与塔木嘎特两个单元之间具有同源岩浆演化的特征，而最后形成的乌兰哈达单元则可能是更深位岩浆侵入的产物。     

潮水盆地铀成矿水文地质条件分析

在系统分析潮水盆地自然地理及地质背景的基础上,通过对前人工作成果的总结和野外现场调查,对盆地水文地质条件,包括地下水类型、地下水动力特征、水源点水文地质属性及水文地球化学特性进行了分析,并得到了对潮水盆地铀成矿水文地质条件的认识.     

Late Mesozoic topographic evolution of western Transbaikalia:Evidence for rapid geodynamic changes from the Mongol-Okhotsk collision to widespread rifting

The Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of Transbaikalia has been largely controlled by the scissors-like closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean that separated Siberia from Mongolia-North China continents.Following the oceanic closure,the tectonic evolution of that region was characterized by collisional uplift and subsequent extension that gave rise to the formation of metamorphic core complexes.This complex tectonic setting prevailed simultaneously between 150 Ma and 110 Ma both in Transbaikalia,North Mongolia,and within the North China Craton.Published paleobotanical and paleontological data show that the oldest Mesozoic basins had formed in western Transbaikalia before the estimated age of extension onset.However no precise geochronological age is available for the onset of extension in Transbaikalia.The Tugnuy Basin,as probably the oldest Mesozoic basin in western Transbaikalia,is a key obj ect to date the onset of extension and following changes in tectonic setting.In this study,U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS) dating of detrital zircons from three key Jurassic sediment formations of the Tugnuy Basin are used to identify the potential source areas of the sediments,understand the changes in sediment routing and provide insights on the topographic evolution of western Transbaikalia.Our results show several significant changes in tectonic regime after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.A wide uplifted plateau formed during the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean,determining the Early Jurassic drainage system reaching the AngaraVitim batholith to the north and shedding sediments to the continental margin to the South.The following collisional event at the end of the Early Jurassic led to the uplift of the collision zone,which partially inverted the drainage system toward the North.A strike-slip displacement induced by the oblique collision initiated some of the early Transbaikalian depressions,such as the Tugnuy Basin at about 168 Ma.A phase of basin inversion,marked by folding and erosion of the Upper Jurassic sediments,could correspond to the short-term collision event that took place during the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The following inversion in tectonic regime from compression to extension is consistent with the mid-lower-crustal extension that led to the formation of the numerous metamorphic core complexes throughout northeastern continental Asia during the Early Cretaceous.     

The potential influence of subduction zone polarity on overriding plate deformation, trench migration and slab dip angle

A geodynamic model exists, the westward lithospheric drift model, in which the variety of overriding plate deformation, trench migration and slab dip angles is explained by the polarity of subduction zones. The model predicts overriding plate extension, a fixed trench and a steep slab dip for westward-dipping subduction zones (e.g. Mariana) and predicts overriding plate shortening, oceanward trench retreat and a gentle slab dip for east to northeastward-dipping subduction zones (e.g. Chile). This paper investigates these predictions quantitatively with a global subduction zone analysis. The results show overriding plate extension for all dip directions (azimuth α = − 180° to 180°) and overriding plate shortening for dip directions with α = − 90° to 110°. The wide scatter in data negate any obvious trend and only local mean values in overriding plate deformation rate indicate that overriding plate extension is somewhat more prevalent for west-dipping slabs. West-dipping subduction zones are never fixed, irrespective of the choice of reference frame, while east to northeast-dipping subduction zones are both retreating and advancing in five out of seven global reference frames. In addition, westward-dipping subduction zones have a range in trench-migration velocities that is twice the magnitude of that for east to northeastward-dipping slabs. Finally, there is no recognizable correlation between slab dip direction and slab dip angle. East to northeast-dipping slabs (α = 30° to 120°) have shallow (0–125 km) slab dip angles in the range 10–60° and deep (125–670 km) slab dip angles in the range 40–82°, while west-dipping slabs (α = − 60° to − 120°) have shallow slab dip angles in the range 19–50° and deep slab dip angles in the range 25–86°. Local mean deep slab dip angles are nearly identical for east and west-dipping slabs, while local mean shallow slab dip angles are lower by only 4.7–8.1° for east to northeast-dipping slabs. It is thus concluded that overall, there is no observational basis to support the three predictions made by the westward drift model, and for some sub-predictions the observational basis is very weak at most. Alternative models, which incorporate and underline the importance of slab buoyancy-driven trench migration, slab width and overriding plate motion, are better candidates to explain the complexity of subduction zones, including the variety in trench-migration velocities, overriding plate deformation and slab dip angles.     

行星尺度地磁异常的长期变化

为了综合反映地球表面行星尺度磁异常的展布面积、磁场极值以及磁场分布特征等多种因素及其与磁能的关系,本文用穿过各异常区的“无符号磁通量”为特征参数来表征磁异常区强度.用第八代国际参考地磁场模型(IGRF),分析了1900年到2000年全球最大的5个磁异常区的长期变化,结果表明,在一百年中,南大西洋(SAT)、大洋洲(AUS)和非洲(AF)3个异常区的磁通量均增加了200MWb以上,欧亚异常(EA)磁通量增加幅度稍小(157MWb),上述4个异常区磁通量增幅为30%—60%,而北美异常(NAM)的磁通量则减小了50MWb.各异常区面积虽有变化,但最大变化仅为%左右.对磁异常区的西向漂移研究表明,地球表面和核幔界面的西漂明显存在差异：地表磁场有持续而稳定的西向漂移,全球平均西漂速度为0.2°/a;但核幔界面磁场的西向漂移速度要小得多,最大不超过0.1°/a.形成这种差异的原因可能是组成地磁场的不同球谐分量有不同的漂移速度;地表磁场的西漂主要决定于占优势的低阶分量,而核幔界面的西漂则受到高阶分量的重大影响.本文指出,在把地表西漂值用作地核磁流体运动速度的典型值时必须十分谨慎.     

松辽盆地北部浅部基底推覆伸展作用的地震学证据与地质意义

已经利用近垂直反射地震叠偏剖面得到太平洋板块西向俯冲远程应力场形成上部地壳滑脱断裂的证据,在此基础上,利用油气地震叠偏剖面发现中远程的蒙古—鄂霍茨克缝合带、远程的太平洋板块西向俯冲带在松辽盆地滨北地区浅部基底共同作用形成的逆冲推覆断裂系统.该断裂系统基本呈双向形式,纵向与横向上表现出不均匀的强度,向西逆冲推覆的断裂系统厚度范围可达到约3~4 km,向东的断裂系统厚度范围可达到约1~2 km,断裂系统组构比较复杂.经过对控盆断裂孙吴—双辽断裂两侧地球物理场分布特征的分析,认为松辽盆地浅部基底的逆冲推覆断裂系统是叠加在孙吴—双辽断裂之上的新的断裂系统.考虑到蒙古—鄂霍茨克缝合带在远离1000多公里之外所产生的内蒙古阴山—燕山大型逆冲推覆断裂带以及松辽盆地的区域构造位置,认为在松辽盆地南部和滨北地区孙吴—双辽断裂构造线之外也应该存在浅部基底内的逆冲推覆断裂.     

A HISTORICAL EXAMINATION ON LAND DESERTIFICATION IN NORTH CHINA

1 INTRODUCTIONAccording to historical records, there has existed the large-area desert in the northwest of China for a long time, which formed in the geologic age and historical periods, and continuously evolved because of climate changes and human activities. Although a certain amount of achievement has been obtained since the 1950s, land desertification went on expanding quickly. For desertification by wind erosion, the average expansion speed was 1560km2 per year from the late 1950s …     

The westward drift of the lithosphere: A tidal ratchet?

Is the westerly rotation of the lithosphere an ephemeral accidental recent phenomenon or is it a stable process of Earth's geodynamics? The reason why the tidal drag has been questioned as the mechanism determining the lithospheric shift relative to the underlying mantle is the apparent too high viscosity of the asthenosphere. However, plate boundaries asymmetries are a robust indication of the ‘westerly’ decoupling of the entire Earth's outer lithospheric shell and new studies support lower viscosities in the low-velocity layer (LVZ) atop the asthenosphere. Since the solid Earth tide oscillation is longer in one side relative to the other due to the contemporaneous Moon's revolution, we demonstrate that a non-linear rheological behavior is expected in the lithosphere mantle interplay. This may provide a sort of ratchet favoring lowering of the LVZ viscosity under shear, allowing decoupling in the LVZ and triggering the westerly motion of the lithosphere relative to the mantle.