Re–Os and U–Pb geochronology of the Shazigou Mo polymetallic ore field,Inner Mongolia: Implications for Permian–Triassic mineralization at the northern margin of the North China Craton

The recently discovered polymetallic Shazigou Mo–W–Pb–Zn ore field is located at the northern margin of the North China Craton. This integrated metallogenic system is comprised of quartz vein mineralization in three deposits: Shazigou Mo–W, Jindouzishan Pb–Zn and Mantougou Pb–Zn. The total reserves are estimated to be 50 kt Mo, 626 t WO₃, 244 kt Pb and 150 kt Zn. Molybdenite Re–Os dating of five quartz vein-type ores yielded a mean model age of 243.8 ± 1.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.81) and hydrothermal zircons yielded a concordant U–Pb age of 245 ± 2.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.65). These results suggest that the mineralization was formed in the early Triassic and could be related to Paleo-Asian Ocean subduction. Microthermometry and quartz fluid inclusion compositions indicate that fluids related to the Mo–W mineralization were mainly derived from magmatic sources and precipitated under relatively high temperature (280–340 °C) and salinity conditions (6–9 wt% NaCl equiv.), whereas subsequent Pb–Zn mineralization-related fluids may have been modified by metamorphic and meteoric waters. The discovery of the Shazigou ore field suggests conditions may be favourable for more extensive mineralization in the western Xilamulun Mo metallogenic belt at the northern margin of the North China Craton.     

一种简单的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄测定中Re化学分离方法：“钽试剂”萃取法

介绍了一种简单的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年中Re的化学分离方法,采用“钽试剂”（N-苯甲酰基苯基羟胺）的氯仿溶液萃取辉钼矿中的主要基体和干扰元素,如Mo、Fe和W,达到Re与这些主要基体元素分离的目的。在此基础上,建立了Carius管溶样-四氯化碳萃取分离Os-“钽试剂”萃取分离Re以及同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定的分析流程。利用该分析流程,对辉钼矿标准物质JDC进行Re-Os同位素年龄测定研究,测得其Re、Os的平均含量及年龄分别为（17．6±0．2）μg／g、（25．9±0．3）ng／g和（140．1±2．4）Ma,该结果在误差范围内与标准参考值一致。与目前常用的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年方法相比,该方法具有操作简便、快速、高效以及成本低的优势,非常适合作为辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年的化学分离常规方法。     

辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年方法的改进与应用

公认的Re-Os同位素定年代表物辉钼矿,目前已在金属硫化物矿床年代学研究领域获得了广泛的应用。本研究采用浓HNO₃分解辉钼矿样品,大大地简化了Re和Os的化学制备过程,并根据辉钼矿中正常Os含量水平相对放射成因¹⁸⁷Os可以忽略的特点,以正常Os标准为稀释剂,实现了仪器测量过程中Os同位素质量分馏的在线校正,改善了分析数据的质量。该方法经辉钼矿国家标准物质进行验证,获得了满意的Re、Os含量及Re-Os年龄数据,并且在南岭地区与连阳复式岩体相关的姓坪夕卡岩型钼矿床成矿年龄研究中获得了成功应用。在实际应用中,为了获得有意义的能反映真实地质事件的年龄数据,辉钼矿样品不仅要有足够的取样量,而且还要保证粒度细、混合均匀。     

安徽铜陵凤凰山夕卡岩型铜矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

铜陵矿集区是我国长江中下游Cu-Au-Fe-Mo成矿带中最重要的有色金属基地之一,凤凰山矿床是铜陵矿集区的重要组成部分,为一个典型的夕卡岩型铜矿床。本文利用Re-Os同位素定年方法对凤凰山铜矿床进行了成矿时代测定,获得了辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄范围为139.1±2.4～142.0±2.2Ma,等时线年龄为141.1±1.4Ma,与矿区内石英二长闪长岩和花岗闪长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄(144.2±2.3Ma)相吻合,也与铜陵地区其他矿田的成矿时代基本一致,可能为岩石圈减薄事件的成矿响应。     

汉诺坝玄武岩Re-Os同位素地球化学——Re的挥发性丢失和壳-幔相互作用的证据

本文报道了采自汉诺坝玄武岩区周坝和白龙硐剖面以及白布洛张20井等地29个玄武岩样品的Re、Os含量和~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值。Os含量为11×10~(-12)～314×10~(-12),Re含量为40×10~(-12)～238×10~(-12),Re和Os含量有正相关趋势。碱性玄武岩(AK)的Re、Os含量高于拉斑玄武岩(TH)和过渡玄武岩(TR),玄武岩Os含量变化与分离结晶作用有关,玄武岩的低Re含量与地面喷发的火山岩浆脱气过程中Re的挥发性丢失作用有关。玄武岩的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值为0.14735～0.61136,AK的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值比TH和TR低且变化小。玄武岩的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值与Os含量有负相关性。随着Os含量降低到小于75×10~(-12),~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值迅速升高,反映了地壳混染在TH和TR成因中的贡献。在以往的研究中没有观察到类似的地壳混染作用,说明了Re-Os同位素体系在示踪壳源物质上的优势。一些Os含量较高的TH的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值表明其地幔源区既非亏损的又非经交代富集的SCLM,可能是混入了地壳俯冲物质的"Marble cake"型地幔。总之,汉诺坝玄武岩的Re-Os同位素地球化学研究支持了以往研究的主要成果,两类玄武岩地球化学差异性和异源成因论;分离结晶和部分熔融过程在玄武岩成因中的重要作用;碱性玄武岩的成因与地幔柱的关系等。同时揭示了一些新的现象:汉诺坝玄武岩形成中存在少量的地壳混染作用;地面喷发的火山熔岩在脱气过程中Re的挥发性丢失;拉斑玄武岩的源区更有可能为"Marble cake"型地幔。     

Age and metal source of orogenic gold deposits in Southeast Guizhou Province,China: Constraints from Re-Os and He-Ar isotopic evidence

The orogenic gold deposits in Southeast Guizhou are an important component of the Xuefeng polymetallic ore belt and have significant exploration potential, but geochronology research on these gold deposits is scarce. Therefore, the ore genetic models are poorly constrained and remain unclear. In the present study, two important deposits(Pingqiu and Jinjing) are investigated, including combined Re-Os dating and the He-Ar isotope study of auriferous arsenopyrites. It is found that the arsenopyrites from the Pingqiu gold deposit yielded an isochron age of 400 ± 24 Ma,with an initial ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratio of 1.24 ± 0.57(MSWD = 0.96). An identical isochron age of 400 ± 11 Ma with an initial ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratio of 1.55 ± 0.14(MSWD = 0.34) was obtained from the Jinjing deposit. These ages correspond to the regional Caledonian orogeny and are interpreted to represent the age of the main stage ore. Both initial ~(187)Os ratios suggest that the Os was derived from crustal rocks. Combined with previous rare earth element(REE), trace elements, Nd-Sr-S-Pb isotope studies on scheelite, inclusion fluids with other residues of gangue quartz, and sulfides from other gold deposits in the region, it is suggested that the ore metals from Pingqiu and Jinjing were sourced from the Xiajiang Group. The He and Ar isotopes of arsenopyrites are characterized by ~3 He/~4 He ratios ranging from 5.3 × 10~(-4) Ra to 2.5 × 10~(-2) Ra(Ra = 1.4 × 10~(-6), the ~3 He/~4 He ratio of air), 40 Ar=/~4 He ratios from 0.64 × 10~(-2) to 15.39×10~(-2), and ~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar ratios from 633.2 to 6582.0. Those noble gas isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions also support a crustal source origin,evidenced by the Os isotope. Meanwhile, recent noble gas studies suggest that the amount of in situ radiogenic ~4 He generated should not be ignored, even when Th and U are present at levels of only a few ppm in host minerals.     

湖南金船塘锡铋矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其地质意义

湖南东坡矿田位于南岭成矿带的西段,构造位置上处于扬子板块与华夏板块的对接地带,矿田内以千里山岩体为中心,发育一系列与燕山期花岗质岩浆作用有关的超大型、大型和中型钨锡钼铋多金属矿床。金船塘锡铋矿床是东坡矿田内一个以锡铋为主的大型矽卡岩型多金属矿床。本文对该矿床的矽卡岩型矿石中的辉钼矿进行了Re-Os同位素测年。结果显示,辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄范围为157.2±2.8Ma至162.4±2.4Ma,加权平均值为159.8±2.9Ma,对应的Re-Os等时线年龄为158.8±6.6Ma;这些年龄数据与柿竹园矿床辉钼矿的Re-Os等时线年龄(151.0±3.5Ma)在误差范围内基本一致,亦与区内千里山岩体锆石U-Pb年龄(152±2Ma)接近,指示金船塘Sn-Bi矿床与区内花岗岩具有密切的时间和成因关系。结合区域上已有的研究成果,包括金船塘矿床在内的东坡矿田的成岩成矿作用主要集中在149～161Ma,与南岭地区大规模的钨锡多金属成矿作用时限(150～160Ma)一致;另外,区域上的研究表明,幔源物质广泛参与了湘南钨锡矿集区晚中生代的成岩成矿作用,指示该区中-晚侏罗世爆发式的成岩成矿作用可能是区域地壳拉张-岩石圈伸展减薄背景下,强烈的壳幔相互作用的结果。     

Metallogenic age and hydrothermal evolution of the Jidetun Mo deposit in central Jilin Province,northeast China: Evidence from fluid inclusions,isotope systematics,and geochronology

The Jidetun deposit is a large porphyry Mo deposit that is located in central Jilin Province, northeast China. The Mo mineralization occurs mainly at the edge of porphyritic granodiorite, as well as the adjacent monzogranite. Field investigations, cross-cutting relationships, and mineral paragenetic associations indicate four stages of hydrothermal activity. To determine the relationships between mineralization and associated magmatism, and better understand the metallogenic processes in ore district, we have undertaken a series of studies incluiding molybdenite Re–Os and zircon U–Pb geochronology, fluid inclusions microthermometry, and C–H–O–S–Pb isotope compositions. The molybdenite Re–Os dating yielded a well-defined isochron age of 168.9 ± 1.9 Ma (MSWD = 0.34) that is similar to the weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 173.5 ± 1.5 Ma (MSWD = 1.8) obtained from zircons from the porphyritic granodiorite. The results lead to the conclusion that Mo mineralization, occurred in the Middle Jurassic (168.9 ± 1.9 Ma), was spatially, temporally, and genetically related to the porphyritic granodiorite (173.5 ± 1.5 Ma) rather than the older monzogranite (180.1 ± 0.6 Ma). Fluid inclusion and stable (C–H–O) isotope data indicate that the initial H₂O–NaCl fluids of mineralization stage I were of high-temperature and high-salinity affinity and exsolved from the granodiorite magma as a result of cooling and fractional crystallization. The fluids then evolved during mineralization stage II into immiscible H₂O–CO₂–NaCl fluids that facilitated the transport of metals (Mo, Cu, and Fe) and their separation from the ore-bearing magmas due to the influx of abundant external CO₂ and heated meteoric water. Subsequently, during mineralization stage III and IV, increase of pH in residual ore-forming fluids on account of CO₂ escape, and continuous decrease of ore-forming temperatures caused by the large accession of the meteoric water into the fluid system, reduced solubility and stability of metal clathrates, thus facilitating the deposition of polymetallic sulfides.     

Dating the giant Zhuxi W–Cu deposit (Taqian–Fuchun Ore Belt) in South China using molybdenite Re–Os and muscovite Ar–Ar system

The recently discovered Zhuxi W–Cu ore deposit is located within the Taqian–Fuchun Ore Belt in the southeastern edge of the Yangtze Block, South China. Its inferred tungsten resources, based on new exploration data, are more than 280 Mt by 2016. At least three paragenetic stages of skarn formation and ore deposition have been recognized: prograde skarn stage; retrograde stage; and hydrothermal sulfide stage. Secondly, greisenization, marmorization and hornfels formation are also observed. Scheelite and chalcopyrite are the dominant metal minerals in the Zhuxi deposit and their formation was associated with the emplacement of granite stocks and porphyry dykes intruded into the surrounding Carboniferous carbonate sediments (Huanglong and Chuanshan formations) and the Neoproterozoic slate and phyllites. The scheelite was mostly precipitated during the retrograde stage, whereas the chalcopyrite was widely precipitated during the hydrothermal sulfide stage. A muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age of about 150 Ma is interpreted as the time of tungsten mineralization and molybdenite Re–Os model ages ranging from 145.9 ± 2.0 Ma to 148.7 ± 2.2 Ma (for the subsequent hydrothermal sulfide stage of activity) as the time of the copper mineralization. Our new molybdenite Re–Os and muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating results, along with previous zircon U–Pb age data, indicate that the hydrothermal activity from the retrograde stage to the last hydrothermal sulfide stage lasted up to 5 Myr, from 150.6 ± 1.5 to 145.9 ± 1 Ma, and is approximately coeval or slightly later than the emplacement of the associated granite porphyry and biotite granite. The new ages reported here confirm that the Zhuxi tungsten deposit represents one of the Mesozoic magmatic–hydrothermal mineralization events that took place in South China in a setting of lithospheric extension during the Late Jurassic (160–150 Ma). It is suggested that mantle material played a role in producing the Zhuxi W–Cu mineralization and associated magmatism.     

白云鄂博稀土矿床中辉钼矿的铼-锇同位素年龄

白云鄂博铁稀土矿床的形成年龄一直是个有争论的问题，采自该矿床东采场的辉钼矿样，通过镜下对矿物结构构造的研究，认为辉钼矿是矿区晚期矿脉形成阶段的矿物，它的铼－锇同位素年龄为（４３９±８）×１０＾６ａ。此结果从另一侧面说明该矿床在加里东期有一期成矿作用。