Re-Os同位素定年方法进展及ICP-MS精确定年测试关键技术

本文介绍了Re-Os同位素定年的基本原理、技术发展及应用现状;综述了样品分解和Re-Os分离富集的主要方法,重点对ICP-MS法进行Re-Os同位素定年做了较详尽的介绍,包括质量分馏校正、干扰校正、含量初测、取样量的确定、稀释剂的稀释比及稀释剂加入量等,以确保高精度测试;评述了ICP-MS最常见的测定对象-辉钼矿中Re-Os的失耦现象及降低其对Re-Os同位素定年影响的对策,文中描述了由测定同位素比值计算含量时的误差传递公式并重申了最佳稀释比。最后,指出了Re-Os同位素定年方法研究中应该关注的工作方向。     

Zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os dating of the Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit in the northern Great Xing’an Range,China and its geological significance

The newly discovered Chalukou giant porphyry Mo deposit, located in the northern Great Xing’an Range, is the biggest Mo deposit in northeast China. The Chalukou Mo deposit occurs in an intermediate-acid complex and Jurassic volcano-sedimentary rocks, of which granite porphyry, quartz porphyry, and fine-grained granite are closely associated with Mo mineralization. However, the ages of the igneous rocks and Mo mineralization are poorly constrained. In this paper, we report precise in situ LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dates for the monzogranite, granite porphyry, quartz porphyry, fine grained granite, rhyolite porphyry, diorite porphyry, and andesite porphyry in the Chalukou deposit, corresponding with ages of 162 ± 2 Ma, 149 ± 5 Ma, 148 ± 2 Ma, 148 ± 1 Ma, 137 ± 3 Ma, 133 ± 2 Ma, and 132 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Analyses of six molybdenite samples yielded a Re–Os isochron age of 148 ± 1 Ma. These data indicate that the sequence of the magmatic activity in the Chalukou deposit ranges from Jurassic volcano-sedimentary rocks and monzogranite, through late Jurassic granite porphyry, quartz porphyry, and fine-grained granite, to early Cretaceous rhyolite porphyry, diorite porphyry, and andesite porphyry. The Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit was formed in the late Jurassic, and occurred in a transitional tectonic setting from compression to extension caused by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate.     

粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床中层状铜矿体的成矿时代及其成因意义

在空间上,与斑岩-矽卡岩型矿体密切相关的层状矿体的成因一直是我国矿床学研究的一个焦点问题。长期以来有海底喷流成因和斑岩-矽卡岩型成因的两种主要分歧。此次工作发现在粤北大宝山层状铜矿体中存在辉钼矿和蚀变形成的绢云母,本文通过辉钼矿Re-Os等时线测年以及绢云母Ar-Ar测年对该矿床中层状铜矿体的成矿时代进行限定,获得大宝山层状铜矿体9件辉钼矿样品Re-Os等时线年龄为166.0±3.0Ma、模式年龄为165.7±2.3Ma～163.4±2.4Ma(2σ)、加权平均值为164.8±0.8Ma,2件绢云母样品的Ar-Ar坪年龄分别为166.6±1.6Ma和171.7±2.0Ma,反等时线年龄分别为167.0±2.0Ma和161.7±1.7Ma,由于Ar过剩,出现一个过高值(171.7±2.0Ma),其他年龄值在误差范围内与辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄基本一致。这些结果可以厘定大宝山层状铜矿体的年龄,表明斑岩-矽卡岩与层状铜矿体为同一成矿系统,成因上与侏罗纪花岗质岩浆岩侵位密切相关。结合前人的研究成果,认为位于钦杭带边缘的粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床与古太平洋板块俯冲具有成因联系。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Donglufang porphyry-skarn Mo-Cu deposit in the southern Yidun Terrane and their geological significances

The newly-discovered Donglufang Moe Cu porphyry-skarn deposit is located in the southern Yidun Terrane, southeast Tibet, with more than 80 million tonnes(Mt) of reserves(grading 0.15 wt.% Mo and0.48 wt.% Cu) hosted in Triassic strata and Late Cretaceous granodiorite porphyry. Ree Os dating of molybdenum ore yielded a weighted mean age of 84.9 ± 1.0 Ma and an isochron age of 85.2 ± 0.6 Ma.LA-ICP-MS Ue Pb dating of zircons from the granodiorite porphyry yielded206 Pb/238 U ages ranging from 87.4 Ma to 84.2 Ma with a weighted mean206 Pb/238 U age of 85.1 ±0.5 Ma, indicating a temporal linkage between granitic magmatism and Moe Cu mineralization. Geochemical analyses show that the granodiorite porphyries are I-type granites with Si O_2 contents of 64.3 -66.7 wt.%. These rocks are typically metaluminous with high K_2 O/Na_2 O ratios, low Mg O(1.32 -1.56 wt.%), Cr(5.6 -12.9 ppm), Ni(3.79 -10.81 ppm), Mg#(43 -52) values, and high Sr(304 -844 ppm), Sr/Y(21.2 -50.8) and La/Yb ratios(37.0 -60.1). They are enriched in light rare-earth elements(LREE) relative to heavy rare-earth elements(HREE), with slightly negative Eu anomalies, and are enriched in Th, U and large ion lithophile elements(LILE, e.g., K and Rb), and depleted in high field strength elements(HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ta, P and Ti). They also show negative zircon εHf(t) values(-6.7 to -2.3) and negative whole rock εNd(t) values(à5.2 to-4.3), as well as old Hfe Nd model ages, indicating the magmas were derived from a thickened ancient lower crust within the garneteamphibolite facies. Considering the tectonic evolution of the Yidun Terrane, geochemical characteristics of granodiorite porphyry, and the ages of mineralization obtained in this study. We suggest that the Donglufang deposit was formed in a post-collisional setting, which has a genetic relationship with the emplacement of the granodiorite porphyry. The present study provide key information for the exploration of the Late Cretaceous metallogeny in the Yidun Terrane.     

含有普通锇的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年研究

通过大量数据统计,表明较高比例的辉钼矿中存在普通锇。普通锇可能以类质同像形式存在于辉钼矿样品中,理论上辉钼矿中可能含有较高含量普通锇。辉钼矿样品含有较高含量普通锇可能对Re-Os定年结果产生很大影响,从原理上并结合实例证实了普通锇含量对辉钼矿Re-Os年龄影响程度。对于一般辉钼矿样品来讲,如果187Os总量(放射成因187Os与非放射成因187Os之和)与普通锇比值小于20,需要考虑普通锇对Re-Os模式年龄的影响,并提出了对于含有普通锇辉钼矿模式年龄的计算方法。先做出187Os/188Os-187Re/188Os等时线,求得初始187Os/188Os值,再根据初始187Os/188Os值和单个样品的普Os含量求得非放射成因的普Os中187Os的量。最后根据Re含量以及放射成因187Os含量得到模式年龄。     

皖南歙县邓家坞钼矿床年代学及Hf同位素地球化学研究

歙县邓家坞片麻状花岗闪长岩体位于扬子陆块南缘,区内钼矿体主要产于岩体与变质流纹凝灰岩的外接触带上,受区内北东向的断裂控制。歙县邓家坞花岗闪长岩具有强过铝质的特征,为S-型花岗岩,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=114.3×10^-6~259.1×10^-6),轻重稀土分异明显(ΣLREE/ΣHREE=6.48~10.98),中等的Eu负异常(Eu_N/Eu_N^*=0.46~0.60),具有典型岛弧岩浆岩的特征。锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U表面年龄为739~816Ma,加权平均年龄为772±11Ma (MSWD=5.0),表明邓家坞片麻状花岗闪长岩体形成于新元古代,与皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩的主成岩年龄(740~825Ma)基本一致。根据岩石Zr含量计算出歙县邓家坞花岗闪长岩的"锆石饱和温度"为792~827℃。锆石Hf同位素ε_Hf(t)为0.55~4.69,平均值为2.48,二阶段模式年龄(t_DM2)为1364~1565Ma,表明邓家坞片麻状花岗闪长岩源区主要为新生地壳组分。邓家坞钼矿5个辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素定年的模式年龄为141.1~141.6Ma,等时线年龄为141.8±2.2Ma,表明该钼矿的成矿时代为早白垩世。邓家坞片麻状花岗闪长岩体不是成矿岩体,因此推测可能其深部有隐伏的早白垩世岩体。辉钼矿的Re含量为12.6×10^-6~43.8×10^-6,表明成矿物质以壳源为主。     

Selective copper dissolution during bioleaching of molybdenite concentrate

This study evaluates bioleaching treatments to remove copper from the Sarcheshmeh (Iran) molybdenite concentrate using a native strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Copper content of the concentrate was 0.83 wt.% as chalcopyrite. The tests showed selective dissolution of copper (chalcopyrite) from molybdenite concentrate. Up to 65% of copper content of molybdenite concentrate was removed via bioleaching with a native strain of A. ferrooxidans in less than 15 days. Ferrous sulfate, sulfur or pyrite was added to culture medium to enhance the activity of bacteria. Sulfur was the preferred additional source of energy for removing copper from molybdenite via bioleaching with A. ferrooxidans. In addition, 9K or Norris medium was also used as the culture medium in the experiments. The experiments showed that application of Norris medium would be better than that of 9K medium in order to remove copper from molybdenite via bioleaching. These results were backed up due to the fact that the cost of Norris medium was also less than that of 9K medium.     

160 Ma of magmatic/hydrothermal and metamorphic activity in the Gällivare area: Re–Os dating of molybdenite and U–Pb dating of titanite from the Aitik Cu–Au–Ag deposit, northern Sweden

Host rocks to the Aitik Cu–Au–Ag deposit in northern Sweden are strongly altered and deformed Early Proterozoic mica(-amphibole) schists and gneisses. The deposit is characterised by numerous mineralisation styles, vein and alteration types. Four samples were selected for Re–Os molybdenite dating and 12 samples for U–Pb titanite dating in order to elucidate the magmatic/hydrothermal and metamorphic history following primary ore deposition in the Aitik Cu–Au–Ag deposit. Samples represent dyke, vein and alteration assemblages from the ore zone, hanging wall and footwall to the deposit. Re–Os dating of molybdenite from deformed barite and quartz veins yielded ages of 1,876±10 Ma and 1,848±8 Ma, respectively. A deformed pegmatite dyke yielded a Re–Os age of 1,848±6 Ma, and an undeformed pegmatite dyke an age of 1,728±7 Ma. U–Pb dating of titanite from a diversity of alteration mineral associations defines a range in ages between 1,750 and 1,805 Ma with a peak at ca. 1,780 Ma. The ages obtained, together with previous data, bracket a 160-Ma (1,890–1,730 Ma) time span encompassing several generations of magmatism, prograde to peak metamorphism, and post-peak cooling; events resulting in the redistribution and addition of metals to the deposit. This multi-stage evolution of the Aitik ore body suggests that the deposit was affected by several thermal events that ultimately produced a complex ore body. The Re–Os and U–Pb ages correlate well with published regional Re–Os and U–Pb age clusters, which have been tied to major magmatic, hydrothermal, and metamorphic events. Primary ore deposition at ca. 1,890 Ma in connection with intrusion of Haparanda granitoids was followed by at least four subsequent episodes of metamorphism and magmatism. Early metamorphism at 1,888–1,872 Ma overlapping with Haparanda (1,890–1,880 Ma) and Perthite-monzonite (1,880–1,870 Ma) magmatism clearly affected the Aitik area, as well as late metamorphism and Lina magmatism at 1,810–1,774 Ma and TIB1 magmatism at 1,800 Ma. The 1,848 Ma Re–Os ages obtained from molybdenite in a quartz vein and pegmatite dyke suggests that the 1,850 Ma magmatism recorded in parts of northern Norrbotten also affected the Aitik area.     

Late Archean Cu-Au-Mo mineralization at Gameleira and Serra Verde, Carajàs Mineral Province, Brazil: constraints from Re-Os molybdenite ages

New Re-Os molybdenite ages provide constraints on the timing of Late Archean Cu-Au-Mo mineralization in the northern Carajás Mineral Province. Molybdenite from the Gameleira iron oxide Cu-Au-Mo deposit yielded an age of 2,614±14 Ma. This age overlaps within its analytical error with Re-Os ages of molybdenite from the Serra Verde Cu-Au-Mo vein deposit (2,609±13 Ma) and from the nearby small Garimpo Fernando gold mining operation (2,592±13 and 2,602±13 Ma), which is probably related to the latter. The geochronological data imply that the hydrothermal Cu-Au-Mo mineralization in these three deposits was epigenetic and coincides with a regional tectonic regime changing from dextral transtension and clastic sedimentation at 2.7–2.6 Ga to sinistral transpression and inversion at 2.6 Ga. Previously reported stable isotope and microthermometric data are compatible with a magmatic affiliation of the Cu-Au-Mo ores at Gameleira and Serra Verde. A genetic relationship of mineralization may therefore exist with 2.56–2.76 Ga Archean alkaline granitoids or with 2.6–2.7 calc-alkaline to tholeiitic volcanic-arc type magmatism.Editorial handling: F. Tornos     

东秦岭地区钼矿床中辉钼矿的铼含量及多型特征

辉钼矿是铼的最主要载体矿物。研究表明,东秦岭地区不同类型钼矿床中,辉钼矿的Re平均含量多为10—20ppm,其中仅黄龙铺碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床的辉钼矿平均含Re高达152.5ppm。尽管辉钼矿中的铼含量有变化,但均呈类质同象取代钼而存在。同时,这些矿床辉钼矿的铼含量差异,主要取决于成矿热流体中原始铼含量。辉钼矿多型有2H型和2H+3R混合型。铼含量和成矿温度对辉钼矿多型没有影响,故辉钼矿多型对于钼矿床类型没有标型意义。