固体钾肥产品中钾含量的放射性测定

基于钾的天然放射性 ,用放射性方法测定固体钾肥产品中的钾含量。结果表明 ,对于均匀粉末状固体钾盐产品 ,放射性方法的测定误差在± 5 %以内 (同重量法相比)     

The spatial and seasonal distributions of air-transport origins to the Antarctic based on 5-day backward trajectory analysis

Transport of moisture-bearing air to the Antarctic is one of the important factors that control the mass balance of the ice sheet. Here, we investigate the distribution of air-parcel transport using a backward trajectory analysis over the entire Antarctic ice sheet, based on whether the air parcel was located inside or outside of Antarctica at 5 days before arrival. At this time, we considered the air from outside Antarctica to be moisture rich. Oceanic air was found to dominate in West Antarctica throughout the year, whereas air from inland was more prominently distributed around East Antarctica, especially in summer. In East Antarctica, there was a significant seasonal variation: air from inland dominated in summer, while air of oceanic origin dominated in winter. The distribution of air parcels that came from oceanic/inland sources was similar to the accumulation map (based on satellite data), which indicates that oceanic air parcels could be a substitute for moisture transport to the Antarctic. To determine the future impacts of climate change (e.g., sea level rise), more precise predictions of the variations in the surface mass balance will be required. Our results contribute towards the improved understanding of the spatial distributions of accumulation and aerosols found in Antarctic snow and ice cores.     

Co‐composting of Municipal Solid Waste with Sawdust: Improving Compost Quality

The aim of present study was to improve compost quality as well as to achieve an optimum C/N ratio in compost, reduction in heavy metal content and increased water‐holding capacity of composting piles in arid areas. Four windrow compost piles were prepared by mixing sawdust at various dosages with municipal solid waste (MSW). The sawdust was mixed with MSW at 0% (MSW0), 16% (MSW16), 32% (MSW32), and 70% (MSW70) on dry weight basis. The compost piles were monitored daily by recording the temperature, while, weekly measurement was done on C/N ratio, moisture, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The addition of 16% sawdust increased the initial C/N to the optimum level and decreased N loss during the composting process. The MSW16 and MSW32 exhibited better temperature dynamics and their composting period seemed to be shorter than that of MSW0 and MSW70. Moreover, addition of sawdust caused lowering of moisture loss from the composting piles. Sawdust admixtures also produced lowering of pH and EC values and led to lower heavy metal content in final products. The quality of the final compost makes it possible to propose the use of this experimental procedure for building up a novel mass reduction of the initial composted waste mixtures.     

台风韦森特对季风水汽流的“转运”效应及其对北京“7·21”暴雨的影响

2012年7月21日北京地区遭受了61年以来最大的暴雨,造成了大量的人员伤亡与巨大的财产损失。资料综合分析表明台风韦森特在暴雨发生过程中的水汽输送起到“枢纽”的作用,夏季季风通过台风韦森特在副高的影响下将水汽“转运”至暴雨区。为了验证北京异常暴雨过程中台风韦森特的“转运”效应,利用中尺度数值模式WRF对暴雨过程进行数值模拟,结果表明模式能够较好的模拟出此次降水过程的强度、落区,且暴雨发生过程中的水汽输送亦能够较好的再现。通过设计剔除台风的敏感性试验发现,剔除台风韦森特之后降水强度仅为控制试验的50%。进一步分析表明低纬季风水汽气流通过处于东南沿海的台风韦森特向暴雨区域输送水汽,在此过程中西南气流直接向北京区域的水汽输送减少,而西南气流向台风的水汽输送增加,台风与东侧副热带高压之间的偏南气流向暴雨区的水汽输送明显增强,从而印证了上述西南季风气流—台风涡旋—暴雨环流三个系统之间水汽的“转运”效应。以上结果表明远距离暴雨的发生是一个复杂的过程,不仅反映了中低纬度系统的相互作用,而且揭示出夏季季风水汽流对台风涡旋的水汽输送持续供应也可能是台风远距离异常暴雨发生的关键因素之一。     

Diagnostic of the dayside ionosphere of Mars using the Total Electron Content measurement by the NEIGE/Netlander experiment: An assessment study

The NEtlander Ionosphere and Geodesy Experiment (NEIGE) of the Netlander mission to Mars will measure Doppler shifts affecting the radio links between ground stations and an orbiter. The experiment has two complementary scientific objectives which are the monitoring of the structure and dynamics of the ionosphere of Mars and the precise determination of Mars orientation parameters. The horizontal variation of the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the ionosphere will be derived from the so-called “geometric-free” combination of the Doppler shifts which affect radio links at two frequencies (in the UHF and S bands) between the Netlander microstations on the Mars surface and the data-relay orbiter. We describe a new method for retrieving the horizontal profile of the absolute value of the TEC. Simulations have allowed to evaluate the precision in the determination of the TEC using this method. We show that the daytime TEC can be retrieved with a precision of for a nominal accuracy of on the orbital pseudo-velocity, which represents a relative precision of a few percent. A preliminary analysis of the sensitivity of the TEC to the physical parameters which control the ionosphere has been performed. For this purpose, we have used a new one-dimensional ionospheric model based on the solution of coupled kinetic, fluid and MHD equations. This model describes the suprathermal electron component, the thermal plasma component as well as the induced horizontal magnetic field. The code which provides the vertical electron density profile has been used to study the variation of the TEC with the solar zenith angle and with the induced magnetic field at the top of the ionosphere. In particular, we show that NEIGE will allow to diagnose the penetration into the daytime ionosphere of an induced magnetic field.     

The influence of seasonal precipitation and temperature regimes on lake levels in the northeastern United States during the Holocene

AMS-dated sediment cores combined with ground-penetrating radar profiles from two lakes in southeastern Massachusetts demonstrate that regional water levels rose and fell multiple times during the Holocene when the known climatic controls (i.e., ice extent and insolation) underwent unidirectional changes. The lakes were lowest between 10,000 and 9000 and between 5500 and 3000 cal yr B.P. Using a heuristic moisture-budget model, we explore the hypothesis that changes in seasonal precipitation regimes, driven by monotonic trends in ice extent and insolation, plausibly explain the multiple lake-level changes. Simulated lake levels resulting from low summer precipitation rates match observed low lake levels of 10,000-9000 cal yr B.P., whereas a model experiment that simply shifts the seasonality of the modern Massachusetts precipitation regime (i.e., moving the peak monthly precipitation from winter to summer) produces levels that are ∼2 m lower than today as observed for 5500-3000 cal yr B.P. The influence of the Laurentide ice sheet could explain dry summers before ca. 8000 cal yr B.P. A later shift from a summer-wet to a winter-wet moisture-balance regime could have resulted from insolation-driven changes in the influence of the Bermuda subtropical high. Temperature changes probably further modified lake levels by affecting snowmelt and transpiration.     

Vertically integrated moisture flux convergence as a predictor of thunderstorms

Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Convergence (VIMFC) alone and in combination with the lifted stability index of the most unstable layer (SMUL) is evaluated as a thunderstorm predictor. By using six-hourly standard pressure weather analysis data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) during 30 days in the summers of 1992 and 1994 containing several severe weather events along with quiescent events in northwestern Europe 17,206 events are obtained. The location and time of a lightning discharge are obtained from the Arrival Time Difference (ATD) sferics lightning location system from the UK Meteorological Office. Using the Heidke Skill Score (HEIDKE) to determine the best threshold we conclude that VIMFC alone, does not perform well as a dichotomous thunderstorm predictor compared to the stability index. However, the Thundery Case Probability (TCP) tested as function of VIMFC results in a high correlation with thunderstorms. By combining SMUL and VIMFC the surplus value as a thunderstorm predictor of VIMFC was established. TCP percentages up to 95% were found in an unstable environment with high positive values of VIMFC. In a marginally unstable environment with a high positive VIMFC the thunderstorm probability is higher than in a very unstable environment with no or negative VIMFC. These results are illustrated with a study of the case of the disastrous flash flood at Vaison-La-Romaine (southeastern France) on September 22, 1992. Although latent instability was present in a large area surrounding Vaison-La-Romaine, nearly all and especially the most severe thunderstorm activity occurred within the smaller area with positive VIMFC and latent instability.     

Role of feed moisture in high-pressure roll mill comminution

The application of high-pressure roll mills (HPRM) for industrial comminution has been growing, particularly because of its energy efficiency. Many aspects of HPRM comminution have not been fully characterized because the performance of the machine is affected by numerous parameters that still need to be investigated and optimized. The present paper is concerned with the effect of feed moisture on HPRM performance. The comminution of minus 8-mesh dolomite feed at several different moisture levels was conducted with a laboratory HPRM to delineate the effect of feed moisture on product characteristics, specific energy consumption, and such mill operating parameters as applied load, roll gap and roll speed. The results showed definite effects of moisture on these parameters and the product size distribution, most likely because of lubrication of the particles in the compacting bed as they pass through the roll gap.     

锂离子电池正极材料中锰、钴含量测定

为准确、快速测定锂离子电池正极材料LiCoxMn2-xO4中锰、钴的含量,给出了一个快速、简便的测定方法。提出了用络合滴定法测定锰含量,返络合滴定法测定锰、钴总量,再利用差减法计算出钴含量。相关的进行了酸溶解选择试验、锰含量测定条件选择试验、总量测定指示剂选择试验。最后,对锂离子电池正极材料LiCo0 1Mnl 9O4中的锰、钴含量进行了测定,结果表明,具有较高的精密度和准确度。     

东北农牧交错区水分条件及其对植被分布的影响

水分条件是决定植物生长，分布的主要因子之一，也是生态学和地理学研究所关注的一个基本问题，本文依据最新的数据资料对东北农牧交错区水分条件的基本特征进行了分析，以三维图形表达了湿度指数的空间分布格局；对典型站点的年干燥度以及在年内的变化进行了分析；通过Kira指数，湿度指数和NDVI植被指数说明了农牧交错区植物生长，分布与水分条件的关系。