冬小麦田土壤中热交换研究

根据田间试验观测资料,计算了土壤容积热容量和土壤导温率,分析了麦田土壤温度的时空分布规律,着重讨论发台站规范法和土柱热含量法计算土壤热容量的误差大小及提高准确性的途径。     

Atmospheric driving mechanisms of extreme precipitation events in July of 2017 and 2018 in western Japan

The occurrence of extreme precipitation events is now a serious concern in recent years in Japan. This study explores the atmospheric driving mechanisms of two extreme precipitation events occurred during 5–6 July 2017 and 5–8 July 2018 over western Japan. We identified that the atmospheric transport of large amounts of moisture and wind streams with wind speed of minimum 15 m s⁻¹ from south of Japan towards north on the days before these torrential precipitation events are mainly responsible for the July 2017 and July 2018 floods over western Japan. However, the contributions from the moisture advections (both vertical and horizontal) to the atmospheric water budget plays key roles to intensify the precipitations during the said torrential events. We also find that the prominent moisture flux convergence and well-developed moist conditions mainly maintain these heavy precipitation events over the downpour affected area. Our overall analysis suggests that the atmospheric factors driving to all these two heavy precipitation events are qualitatively robust and vital to explain the mechanism of extreme precipitations.     

腾格里沙漠地区湖相沉积物中固相可溶性钾含量变化特征及成因分析

腾格里沙漠地区湖相沉积物中固相可溶性钾含量变化有渐升式和波动式两种类型,分别为"蒸发泵"或原始沉积作用所致,对于现代干盐湖演化历史及有关钾盐矿床成因研究有一定借鉴意义。     

胶州湾海水中阴离子表面活性剂的含量及分布

根据2003年5月和8月对胶州湾进行的两次现场调查，采用亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定了该海域海水中阴离子表面活性剂含量并初步分析了其分布特点。结果表明，2003年5月胶州湾全湾表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂平均浓度为12．6μg／L，略高于8月份(10．3μg／L)；各站位含量有变化，河口及邻近海域站位高于其他站位；表层海水含量高于底层海水。     

Murky waters: Media reporting of marine protected areas in South Australia

Given the public's limited knowledge of marine environments, informing the public about marine protection presents a unique challenge. Studies have shown a well-informed public is more likely to support environmental issues and that newspapers, in particular, are considered a credible media source. This research investigates media representations of current South Australian efforts to establish a marine protected area (MPA). Articles from five newspapers between 1999 and 2006 were examined for content in the following areas: local marine ecology, the policy process of MPA establishment and stakeholder views. The research found that newspapers concentrated their reporting on opposing stakeholders, opinions and were largely ineffective in conveying the significance of the local marine ecology, the economic benefits of the MPA, and the delayed establishment process. These information gaps have left the public poorly informed, and therefore, there is unlikely to be significant pressure to overcome the continued delays in the establishment process.     

中国东部季风区夏季四类雨型的水汽输送特征及差异

利用1951~2015年NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日资料和中国160站月降水观测资料,及中国东部季风区夏季四类雨型（北方型、中间型、长江型和华南型）的划分结果,分析了东亚水汽输送与中国东部季风区夏季降水的关系,比较了四类雨型的水汽输送、收支特征及其差异,结果表明:（1）夏季影响中国东部季风区的水汽通道主要有以下6条:印度洋通道,表征印度季风区偏南的西风水汽输送;高原南侧通道,表征印度季风区偏北的西风水汽输送;太平洋通道,表征由西太平洋副热带高压（副高）带来的西太平洋的水汽;西风带通道,表征西风带的水汽输送;孟加拉湾通道,表征来自孟加拉湾向北的水汽输送;南海通道,表征来自印度洋和孟加拉湾在中南半岛转向及来自南海的水汽;与中国东部不同地区降水异常相联系的水汽通道存在明显的差异,且同一条水汽通道在夏季不同阶段与降水的关系也不尽相同。（2）四类雨型的水汽输送和收支特征有明显的差异,华北盛夏降水主要受亚洲季风水汽输送的影响,其次是西风带水汽输送,北方型年二者往往偏强,尤其是季风水汽输送增加一倍以上,贡献也明显增加,20世纪70年代中期之后,季风水汽输送显著减弱,西风带水汽输送的重要性相对增大;淮河流域夏季降水异常主要受太平洋通道水汽输送异常的主导,其次是高原南侧通道水汽输送,二者偏强并在淮河流域辐合时,淮河流域降水偏多形成中间型年;长江中下游地区夏季降水主要受太平洋通道水汽输送异常的主导,长江型年,副高西北侧的西南水汽输送异常加强,并与北方冷空气异常在长江中下游地区辐合,区域为正的水汽净收支;华南地区夏季降水则受印度洋通道、太平洋通道及南海通道的共同影响,当三条通道异常偏强,水汽与北方冷空气在华南地区辐合,形成华南型年。本研究所得结论加深了我们对四类雨型形成机理的认识,并为汛期主雨带的预测提供了参考。     

2015年尼泊尔Mw 7.8地震前OLR和电离层异常分析

针对2015-04-25尼泊尔Mw 7.8地震,利用NOAA卫星遥感射出长波辐射(OLR)数据和IGS(International GNSS Service)提供的全球IONEX总电子含量(TEC)数据,并考虑太阳和地磁活动水平的条件下,分别对OLR数据采用标准差阈值法和对电离层TEC数据采用四分位距法进行了异常探测。结果显示,2015-04-22在震中附近地区卫星遥感OLR出现异常增强现象;同时,2015-04-23在震中附近电离层TEC出现显著正异常现象,而且出现磁共轭现象。     

Water Absorption Capcapability and Moisture Content Seasonal Changing of Salt-Crust in Lop Nur Dry Lake

正The Lop Nur dry salt lake,Xinjiang province,is charactered by typical physiognomy salt-crust,located in39.6-41.3N.latitude and 89.6-91.4E.longitude.The thickness of salt-crust is about from 20 cm to 100 cm,and     

温度对季节性冻土水分迁移的影响研究

寒区季节性冻土冻胀性质对工程实际影响很大。为了了解温度对水分迁移现象的影响,本文通过地温测试仪对野外不同深度处的土层温度进行测量,并在不同时间相应深度取土样,测其含水率,通过比较不同时间不同深度处的含水率的变化情况来分析温度变化对水分迁移现象的影响。在气温回升之前,当地表温度降低时,温度随深度的降低而升高;随着地表温度不断降低,各深度处的温度也不断下降,温度梯度增加,各深度处地层的含水率变化大,即温度梯度的增加促进了季节性冻土区水分迁移现象的发生。     

A 40,000-yr record of environmental change from Burial Lake in Northwest Alaska

Burial Lake in northwest Alaska records changes in water level and regional vegetation since ∼ 39,000 cal yr BP based on terrestrial macrofossil AMS radiocarbon dates. A sedimentary unconformity is dated between 34,800 and 23,200 cal yr BP. During all or some of this period there was a hiatus in deposition indicating a major drop in lake level and deflation of lacustrine sediments. MIS 3 vegetation was herb-shrub tundra; more xeric graminoid-herb tundra developed after 23,200 cal yr BP. The tundra gradually became more mesic after 17,000 cal yr BP. Expansions of Salix then Betula, at 15,000 and 14,000 cal yr BP, respectively, are coincident with a major rise in lake level marked by increasing fine-grained sediment and higher organic matter content. Several sites in the region display disrupted sedimentation and probable hiatuses during the last glacial maximum (LGM); together regional data indicate an arid interval prior to and during the LGM and continued low moisture levels until ∼ 15,000 cal yr BP. AMS ¹⁴C dates from Burial Lake are approximately synchronous with AMS ¹⁴C dates reported for the Betula expansion at nearby sites and sites across northern Alaska, but 1000-2000 yr younger than bulk-sediment dates.