Land use effects on soil organic carbon,microbial biomass and microbial activity in Changbai Mountains of Northeast China

Land use changes are known to alter soil organic carbon （SOC） and microbial properties, however, information about how conversion of natural forest to agricultural land use as well as plantations affects SOC and microbial properties in the Changbai Moun- tains of Northeast China is meager. Soil carbon content, microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, basal respiration and soil carbon mineraliza- tion were studied in five selected types of land use： natural old-growth broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest （NF）; spruce plantation （SP） established following clear-cutting of NF; cropland （CL）; ginseng farmland （GF） previously under NF; and a five-year Mongolian oak young forest （YF） reforested on an abandoned GF, in the Changbai Mountains of Northeast China in 2011. Results showed that SOC content was significantly lower in SP, CL, GF, and YF than in NF. MBC ranged from 304.4 mg/kg in CL to 1350.3 mg/kg in NF, which was significantly higher in the soil of NF than any soil of the other four land use types. The SOC and MBC contents were higher in SP soil than in CL, GF, and YF soils, yielding a significant difference between SP and CL. The value of basal respiration was also higher in NF than in SP, CL, GF, and YF. Simultaneously, higher values of the metabolic quotient were detected in CL, GF, and YF soils, indicat- ing low substrate utilization of the soil microbial community compared with that in NF and SP soil. The values of cumulative mineral- ized carbon and potentially mineralized carbon （Co） in NF were significantly higher than those in CL and GF, while no significant dif- ference was observed between NF and SP. In addition, YF had higher values of Co and C mineralization rate compared with GF. The results indicate that conversion from NF into agricultural land （CL and GF） uses and plantation may lead to a reduction in soil nutrients （SOC and MBC） and substrate utilization efficiency of the microbial community. By contrast, soils below SP were more conducive to the preservation of soil organic matter, which was reflected in the comparison of microbial indicators among CL, GF, and YF land uses. This study can provide data for evaluating soils nutrients under different land use types, and serve as references for the rational land use of natural forest in the study area.     

海原西华山地区金矿化的地球化学特征及成因

本文通过微量元素、硫同位素、氧同位素及矿物流体包裹体研究等方法首次对宁夏海原西华山地区金矿化的地球化学特征进行了探讨，提出了地层、构造及岩浆活动三者联合控矿的成因认识。这一认识无疑对宁夏为数不多的有色金属矿化区之一──宁夏海原西华山地区的金矿的找矿预测具有实际意义。     

泰山玉玉化程度与化学成分的关系浅析

泰山玉是近年来在泰山西麓作为玉矿勘查并开发的一种蛇纹石质玉石,赋存于镁质超基性岩变质成因的蛇纹岩体中。矿区共有4个矿体,按玉化程度不同,组成矿体的蛇纹岩可分为碧玉、墨玉、未玉化蛇纹岩。通过对不同矿体和不同玉化程度的矿石进行系统采样分析,按玉化程度(碧玉、墨玉、未玉化蛇纹岩),对其主要化学成分的变化进行了系统对比,发现玉化进程中Si O_2含量与TFe和LOI含量的变化呈负相关性,即随着玉化程度的提高,Si O_2含量增加,TFe和LOI含量减少,呈现出TFe和LOI主要被Si O_2置换的特征,使蛇纹岩到玉石由不透明逐渐变得透明,颜色由灰黑—黑色变为较鲜艳的深绿、黄绿等更美丽的色彩,玉质变得更加细腻油润,玉石硬度得到提高。     

陕西马元铅锌矿有机质与成矿作用的关系研究

陕西马元铅锌矿石的显著特征之一是富含有机质。除了肉眼和显微镜下能够识别的沥青外,还有丰富的呈分散状的有机质,要通过有机化学分析来确定其成分。笔者试图通过岩矿石光薄片显微鉴定、有机质含量、有机质碳同位素、饱和烃气相色谱等的测试分析,了解有机质在岩矿石中的赋存状态、有机质组成,认为沥青成因类型属于同生-成岩沥青、后生(改造)沥青及表生沥青;并根据正构烷烃、姥鲛烷、植烷等生物标志物,判别有机质母源,分析成矿环境,认为有机质与铅锌成矿有一定的关系。     

马超营断裂带地质及地球化学特征

根据对马超营断裂带系统进行的地质—地球化学剖面研究，探讨了该带断裂构造活动及其元素地球化学迁移富集规律与构造地球化学分异之间的关系；分析了蚀变、矿化与成矿的关系，认为早期面型蚀变伴有成矿元素的活化和迁移，但无矿化富集，后期带状蚀变伴有金的富集成矿且以硅化、绢云母化为主要标志。从而，为马超营断裂带这一重要的以金为主成矿带的进一步工作、研究，提供了地球化学方面的依据。     

稀有金属花岗岩的特征及其成矿作用

本文通过对我国典型稀有金属花岗岩体研究成果的总结,从稀有金属花岗岩的基本特征、研究进展、成岩成矿作用的几个特点以及其对生态环境的影响等方面,对稀有金属花岗岩的特征及其成矿作用进行了综述和介绍。有助于学者了解稀有金属花岗岩成岩成矿研究和矿产资源勘查的最新成果,并用于寻找和鉴别稀有金属花岗岩。同时还讨论了稀有金属花岗岩体对生态环境的天然污染和带给居民群体的健康伤害,呼吁社会和公众应该引起足够的注意。     

HISTORIC-DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GOLD METALLOGENY OF WEST SARAWAK,EAST MALAYSIS

West Sarawak,which located in the northwest of South Kalimantan Diwa Region,underwent geosynclinal period (An C-T),platform period (J1-J2) and diwa period (J3-).In geosynclinal evolution period,the crust was thickened and accreted by sedimentary accumulating,orogenic movement and metamorphism.In the different kinds of volcanic-sedimentary rocks,content of gold is general higher than the mean value of upper crust and its enrichment factor ranges from 0.94 to 4.7.The basement tectonics formed in geosynclinal fold inversionstage strike northeast,which controlled the distribution ofmagmatic activities and gold mineralization belts of the west part of west Sarawak.     

红层（盆）与金矿化关系的探讨

红层（盆）内外存在着工业金矿化现象，与红层（盆）有关的金矿化包括：次火山岩型、卡林型、穆龙套型、不整合脉型、风化壳型、热泉型以及砂金等众多类型。它们的形成过程及分布与红层（盆）关系密切。本文总结了与红层（盆）有关金矿化的成矿模式及找矿方向。     

东天山图拉尔根大型铜镍硫化物矿床的斜长石主量成分特征：对矿床成因的指示

图拉尔根镍铜矿床产于康古尔塔格-黄山韧性剪切带NEE向的次级挤压破碎带上,位于黄山-镜儿泉岩浆铜镍成矿带的东段。矿田范围内有I、II、III号3个镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体,主要铜镍矿体就位于I号基性-超基性杂岩体内。该杂岩体主要包括辉长岩、角闪橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、角闪辉橄岩等岩相,其中角闪橄榄岩为主要的赋矿岩相。本文通过对矿物颗粒镜下形态、结构、构造的观察,对钻孔中赋矿岩相、不含矿岩相的斜长石进行系统的成分分析和对比,来进一步限定岩浆的演化及矿床成因。图拉尔根矿床中主要造岩矿物的结晶次序为:橄榄石-辉石(角闪石)-角闪石。仅见极少数斜长石颗粒包裹橄榄石,而与辉石和角闪石没有明显的包裹关系,可能是略晚于橄榄石结晶的另一单独结晶序列的矿物。赋矿的角闪橄榄岩中斜长石与硫化物含量呈负相关性。斜长石中SiO2和Al2O3含量相对集中,CaO、Na2O、K2O含量变化范围大。SiO2含量从深部到浅部,表现出含量从低到高变化的趋势,说明岩体中斜长石受同源岩浆结晶分异作用的控制。越靠近富硫化物的角闪橄榄岩,斜长石中CaO和Al2O3含量越高,SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Na2O、K2O等主量元素的含量变化范围较大。因此,斜长石的主量成分可以作为接近硫化物富矿体的指示。     

新疆西天山智博铁矿岩浆-热液成矿作用—来自安山岩矿物学的证据

本文以智博铁矿区内的安山岩为研究对象,通过详细的野外地质调查,并利用电子显微镜和电子探针,对安山岩中的主要矿物进行了系统的岩相学观察和矿物学研究。研究表明,智博安山岩中斜长石主要为Na-高钠长石,具低TiO2,高Na2O和Al2O3的特点;辉石主要为普通辉石,具高TiO2,高Al2O3的特点;角闪石主要为镁角闪石和阳起石,具低TiO2和Al2O3,高MgO的特点;副矿物磁铁矿具高TiO2,低MgO和Al2O3的特点。辉石、角闪石矿物化学特征表明,智博铁矿安山岩的母岩浆属于壳幔混源的玄武质岩浆,构造环境为火山岛弧环境。智博安山岩中单斜辉石结晶温度为1225℃左右,结晶压力约0.795GPa,结晶深度约26km。智博铁矿后期的热液作用也参与了磁铁矿成矿,对智博铁矿的成矿有一定的贡献。