Mixed layer depth front and subduction of low potential vorticity water in an idealized ocean GCM

It is known that there is a front-like structure at the mixed layer depth (MLD) distribution in the subtropical gyre, which is called the MLD front, and is associated with the formation region of mode water. In the present article, the generation mechanism of the MLD front is studied using an idealized ocean general circulation model with no seasonal forcing. First, it is shown that the MLD front occurs along a curve where u _g ·∇T _s = 0 is satisfied (u _g is the upper ocean geostrophic velocity vector, T _s is the sea surface temperature and ∇ is the horizontal gradient operator). In other words, the front is the boundary between the subduction region (u _g ·∇T _s > 0) and the region where subduction does not occur (u _g ·∇T _s < 0). Second, we have investigated subduction of low potential vorticity water at the MLD front, which has been pointed out by past studies. Since u _g ·∇T _s = 0 at the MLD front, the water particles do not cross the outcrop at the MLD front. The water that is subducted at the MLD front has come from the deep mixed layer region where the sea surface temperature is higher than that at the MLD front. The temperature of the water in the deep mixed layer region decreases as it is advected eastward, attains its minimum at the MLD front where u _g ·∇T _s = 0, and then subducts under the warmer surface layer. Since the deep mixed layer water subducts beneath a thin stratified surface layer, maintaining its thickness, the mixed layer depth changes abruptly at the subduction location.     

Proof of the equivalence of Tanizawa–Berkvens’ and Cointe–van Daalen's formulations for the time derivative of the velocity potential for non-linear potential flow solvers

Dealing with freely-floating bodies in the framework of non-linear potential flow theory may require solving Laplace's equation for the time derivative of the velocity potential. At present, there are two competing formulations for the body boundary condition. The first one was derived by Cointe [1] in 2D. It was later extended to 3D by van Daalen [2]. The second formulation was derived by Tanizawa [3] in 2D. It was extended to 3D by Berkvens [4]. In this paper, a proof is given that the Cointe–van Daalen's and the Tanizawa–Berkvens’ formulations are equivalent. It leads to a simplified version of Cointe–van Daalen's formulation. The formulation is validated against the analytical solution for a moving sphere in an unbounded water domain.     

应用二阶Harris算子的高铁轨道近景影像特征点提取

由于轨道影像具有较高的灰度相似性,传统一阶Harris算法提取轨道影像特征存在时间效率低、特征点聚簇等负面问题,文章针对已有Harris方法的不足,提出了一种基于图像分块自适应阈值的二阶导数Harris特征点检测算法,采用自相关矩阵兴趣值识别轨道图像特征点,并分别对有砟与无砟铁路轨道影像开展特征点提取。实验结果表明,二阶Harris算子在轨道近景影像特征点提取方面具有较高的计算效率,所提取出轨道影像特征点满足均匀分布的空间特征,有效避免了传统方法特征点的聚簇现象。     

Nonlinear finite element modeling of beams on two-parameter foundations

This paper presents an inelastic element for the analysis of beams resting on two-parameter foundations. The element is derived from a two field mixed formulation with independent approximation of forces and displacements. The values for the two parameters of the foundation are derived through an iterative technique that is based on an assumption of plane strain for the soil medium. This iterative behavior is repeated at each time step of the nonlinear solution algorithm. The nonlinear response of structures resting on this improved two-parameter foundation model is analyzed following both a Vlasov and a Pasternak approach. Numerical examples that clarify the advantage of the newly developed model are conducted. These studies confirmed the importance of accounting for the foundation second parameter, and the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed model.     

Incompressible or nearly incompressible soil dynamic behaviour—a new staggered algorithm to circumvent restrictions of mixed formulation

The restriction of the Babuska–Brezzi stability criteria for the mixed formulation requires non-uniform interpolation of displacement and pore-pressure variables, which complicates the coding in the finite element analysis. This will certainly preclude the use of many otherwise useful elements. A possible solution to overcome this problem introduced earlier by the authors requires a semi-explicit form. However, the effectiveness of the semi-explicit procedure is dependent on the time step length used, which presents difficulties for transient analysis. In this paper, an unconditionally stable staggered implicit-implicit algorithm is developed, which is generalised from the semi-explicit form. For non-uniform mesh configurations, the results indicate a significant improvement compared with those obtained by using the semi-explicit procedure.     

树结构混合滤波算法

本文总结了中值滤波、均值滤波在滤除图像噪声中的不足，给出了树结构混合滤波器。理论分析和试验表明：树结构混合滤波器具有抑制图像噪声能力强，保持图像几何结构信息，算法结构化，易于计算机软件、硬件实现的特点。     

几种规则形体的引力垂向导数及其应用

鉴于引力垂向导数在大地测量、地球物理中广泛应用,在许多情况下,异常体就是或接近于规则形体,为此推导、引入了球体、半球体、柱体、锥体和长方体的引力垂向导数公式。此外,还讨论了如何将它们用于绝对重力测量和精化大地水准面的实际中。     

Variability of Mixed-Layer Heights over the Indian Ocean and Central Arabian Sea during INDOEX, IFP-99

The upper air data collected from the balloon-borne GLASS Sondes launched from the Oceanic Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya during the Intensive Field Phase of the Indian Ocean experiment (INDOEX, IFP-99;SK-141 Cruise) are utilized forstudying the variability in the mixed-layer heights observed over the western tropical Indian Ocean and central Arabian Sea. During the entire cruise, typical daytime convective mixed-layer heights (roughly corresponding to 1400 LT) obtained from _V and q profiles, were observed to be in the range 200–900 m. Shallowmixed -layer heights are observed, in general, over the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Over the central Arabian Sea, vertical profiles of _V and q demonstrate a double mixed-layer structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), which gradually disappears close to the Indian coastline.     

郯庐古岛弧构造系与金矿成矿的关系

本文从郯庐断裂带整体地质构造特征出发，应用板块构造理论和遥感技术、地质调查、物化探等综合研究方法，初步提出郯庐断裂带应归属于东亚大陆古岛孤－新裂谷式巨型构造系统，它与现代西太平洋岛弧具有“相对应性”及“等结性”控制金矿成矿集中区的新认识，并据此探索和总结了金矿（含其他矿产）的成矿规律，为寻找“招掖”式金矿进行成矿前景预测。