过去150 年长三角地区的春季物候变化

利用中国历史日记中的长三角地区春季物候记录,重建了该地区1834 年以来的春季物候期变化序列,同时结合气温观测资料分析了该序列对温度变化的指示意义。主要结论有：(1) 1834-1893 年,长三角地区春季物候在波动中逐渐推迟,但19 世纪末起突然出现大幅提前;1900-1990 年以年代际波动为主要特征,1990-2010 年又再次出现大幅提前;1834 年以来,该地区春季物候最迟的年份为1893 年,最早的年份为2007 年,分别较1977-1996 年平均推迟27 天和提早17 天。(2) 长三角地区的春季物候期变化与该地区上年12 月-当年3 月及当年1-3 月气温变化的相关系数分别超过-0.75、-0.80,可很好地指示该地区的冬季与初春(特别是1-3 月) 气温变化;这为进一步集成多种代用资料重建历史时期的中国温度变化提供了重要数据基础和依据。     

Distributions of Picophytoplankton and Phytoplankton Pigments Along a Salinity Gradient in the Changjiang River Estuary,China

We investigated the abundance of different picophytoplankton groups and the phytoplankton pigment ratio in relation to environmental factors such as nutrients and suspended solids along a salinity gradient in the Changjiang River Estuary.The average numbers of Synechococcus spp.（Syn） and picoeukaryotes （Euk） were （2.7 ±5.1）×l03 and （1.1±1.4）×l03 cells mL-1,respectively.Prochlorococcus spp.（Pro） was only found in the high-salinity brackish water with the concentration of 3.0× 10^3 cells mL-1.Syn and Euk numbers both tended to increase offshore and Syn showed a larger variation in cell abundance than Euk.The contribution of picophytoplankton to total phytoplankton biomass increased with increasing salinity and decreasing nutrient concentrations from the estuary to the open ocean.The response of different picophytoplankton groups to environmental variables was different.Water temperature was more important in its control over Euk than over Syn,while nutrients were more important in their influence over Syn than over Euk.Phytoplankton pigment ratios were different in the three different ecological zones along the salinity gradient （i.e.,freshwater zone with 0-5 range,fresh and saline water mixing zone with 5-20 range,and high-salinity brackish water zone with 20-32 range）,where three different phytoplankton communities were discovered,suggesting that phytoplankton pigment ratios can be considered as a complementary indicator of phytoplankton community structure in the Changjiang River Estuary.     

哀牢山-红河左旋走滑剪切带中新世抬升的时间序列

在哀牢山-红河剪切带的元阳到者龙的6个不同地点,对18个变质岩样品进行系统分析钾长石的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄。发现用MDD模式得到的18条冷却曲线(温度范围在400-150℃之间)均存在一次(或两次)快速冷却过程(冷却速度>100°C/Ma),这种快速冷却(抬升)过程不仅反映了该剪切带在大约25-17Ma时,韧性走滑作用结束和正断作用的开始,而且它的起始时间还有自东南向西北逐渐变新的趋势。利用6个不同地点快速冷却(抬升)的起始时间与相对距离作图时,得到了较好的线性函数关系(斜率为34mm/a)     

Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang （Pearl） River Delta,China

In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal condi- tions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to char- acterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government inter- vention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as the transportation distance instead of the tradi- tional Euclidean distance. We applied this model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang （Pearl） River Delta （PRD） of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city contact more accurately and comprehen- sively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it yielded a higher adjusted R2 value （0.379） than the traditional gravity model result （0.259）. Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development, the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential fac- tors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.     

鄂陵湖晚全新世沉积物记录的黄河源区气候环境变化

通过对青藏高原黄河源区鄂陵湖35cm长的沉积物岩芯（NR-1）中总有机碳含量（TOC）、总氮含量（TN）、碳氮比值（C_org/N_tot）以及有机碳同位素（δ¹³C_org）和总氮同位素（δ¹⁵N_tot）等地球化学指标的分析,并结合青海地区文献资料记载的人口数量变化以及高原湖泊水位记录,对研究区近1500a以来的气候环境变化进行了深入探讨。结果表明：近两百多年以来鄂陵湖沉积物中TOC和TN指标呈现明显上升的趋势,与青海东部地区人口数量变化趋势一致,表明近代人类活动已经对青藏高原最大淡水湖生态系统产生了显著的影响;而沉积物中δ¹³C_org值变化与青海湖水文环境重建指标具有可比性,说明高原大型淡水湖泊沉积物δ¹³C_org值可指示湖泊水位波动;此外δ¹⁵N_tot值变化趋势与青藏高原东北部已有的古温度记录总体一致,推测鄂陵湖沉积物δ¹⁵N_tot值可能响应了湖泊水体营养状态的变化,间接指示了湖泊夏季表层水温的波动。本研究为青藏高原腹地高海拔现代湖泊沉积物中有机碳和总氮含量及其同位素指标的解译提供了全新的思路。

     

1959-2008长江源被净初级生产力对气候变化的响应

基于长江源区1959-2008年月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速和日照时数等气候要素资料,应用修订的Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算了50a被净初级生产力,分析其年际和年代际变化特征及其对气候变化的响应.结果表明：1959-2008年间,研究区年NPP变化呈显著上升趋势,NPP变...     

三峡水库蓄水前后长江中下游流量频率分布特征及其对洪水造床作用的影响

三峡水库蓄水前后长江中下游流量特征变化及其对造床作用的影响一直受到学者的关注.采用枝城等6个水文站日均流量资料,分别统计了各站流量的经验频率分布,检验了8种概率密度函数的适用性,并讨论了三峡水库蓄水前后流量频率分布特征与造床流量的关系.研究表明:长江中下游干流洪中枯各级流量的频率分布具有分段特性,无法用皮尔逊Ⅲ型或对数...     

The comprehensive evaluation on resource environmental bearing capacity of central cities in the Yellow River Delta-A case study on Dongying City

Dongying City, which is the most important central city in the Yellow River Delta, is located in the estuary of the Yellow River. With a short land formation time, ecological environment is very weak in this area. To realize the sustainable economic development of the Yellow River Delta, resource environment and resource environmental bearing capacity (REBC) must be improved. This study builds assessment system of regional REBC through resource and economic characteristics in Yellow River Delta and uses principal component analysis (PCA) method to evaluate REBC of five counties and districts in Dongying City in 2011-2015 on the dimensions of time and space. Results show that, on the time dimension, Guangrao County is ranked first, Dongying district second for four years and Hekou and Kenli districts with lower ranks in 2012-2015, indicating that more attention needs to be paid to REBC of Hekou and Dongying districts and these two districts should be included into key monitoring areas. From space scale, REBC in five counties and districts has been gradually improving. In order to further develop REBC in Dongying City, measures such as intensifying protection of urban ecological environment and developing circular economy, etc. should be implemented.     

塔里木河水资源利用的效益与生态损失

针对塔里木河流域水资源利用引起的下游水量减少，进而导致生态退化，分析了近30年该河源流区地表水引用和河流水量变化关系，用分摊法估算了水资源利用的直接效益和恢复下游地表径流的恢复费用。     

珠江河口铜、铅、锌、铬和镉对单细胞藻类生长的影响

通过现场采水样和实验室模拟,研究珠江河口环境在一连串变化过程中,当各种浓度的Cu,zn,Pb,Cr和Cd单独存在或共存时,对单细胞藻类——硅藻和扁藻的毒性影响。