ETM+图像锰矿化蚀变信息提取与找矿预测

锰矿床浅层常含大量羟基、三价铁离子的现象使锰矿化异常在一定程度上可由羟基、铁染异常表征.由此提出采用波段比值、阈值分割、主成分分析等方法对ETM+遥感图像进行羟基异常和铁染异常蚀变信息提取,并利用GIS、结合已知矿点对提取的蚀变信息进行综合分析.以桂西-滇东南地区的锰矿为例,经过锰矿化蚀变信息提取与综合分析,验证了锰矿...     

地质找矿中遥感信息的综合研究与深化应用——以铀矿为例

以铀矿勘查为例,通过对遥感信息进行综合研究与深化应用的思考,提出后遥感应用技术的新理念,并认为它是将遥感信息的应用“从技术层面提升到科学层面”的重要途径.在此基础上,又提出砂岩型铀矿断隆成矿的观点,进而建立了我国克拉通和大型活化盆地的铀矿区域找矿模式.在上述观点和模式指导下,利用新型遥感技术,特别是高分辨率遥感数据,在...     

塔里木盆地遥感区域地质研究

本文着重阐述将塔里木盆地（地块）划分出“内、中、外三环体（带）”的构造新格局;提出该区存在着巨大的“环式弧形构造系统”及其相应的“环式弧形成矿带”与“环式弧形地质环境带”的新论点与新概念,揭示该区矿产资源的成矿、控矿规律,建立行之有效“多位一体”的遥感地质找矿模式;发现环绕塔里木盆地油气、钾盐、煤、铀、金属、建材及宝玉石等５个环状成矿带和罗布泊特大型钾盐矿产基地;以及塔克拉玛干大沙漠区内４大富水区,并提出塔里木地壳具“稳定之中不稳定,不稳定中有稳定”等新的认识。     

运用神经网络识别注射过金属离子溶液树冠的实验研究

本文运用神经网络ＢＰ算法对高分辨率航空多光谱图像进行了模式识别研究,成功地识别出注射过金属离子溶液树冠,并与最大似然法在分类结果进行比较。得出在分类精度上,神经网络模式识别比传统的最大似然分类方法具有优势的结论。     

鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代以来古地磁研究

在鄂尔多斯盆地的韩城、铜川等7条剖面144个采样点上,采集了下二叠统至下白垩统的样品约1500个.分别在中国、英国、法国的4个古地磁实验室中进行测试和实验研究.样品均经系统热退磁或交变退磁处理.数据经主向量分析、部分线性谱分析,以分离剩磁成分和选取特征剩磁方向.全部特征剩磁方向通过了倒转检验,晚二叠世和早、中三叠世的结果还通过了广义褶皱检验.并做了大量磁化率、等湿剩磁、薄片岩矿鉴定和少量居里温度测定的实验研究. 所得数据以世（统）为单位计算了古地磁极位置和采样地区古纬度,绘制了鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代以来视极移曲线和地块古方位变化图,提出了华北地块运动模式,并通过与现有的华南地块资料的综合对比分析,提出华北地块与华南地块的碰撞在东部始于晚三叠世之前,全部拼合完成于中侏罗世末.     

西藏罗布莎不同类型铬铁矿的特征及成因模式讨论

蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中产出的豆荚状铬铁矿是铬的主要来源。已有的研究表明,豆荚状铬铁矿形成于洋中脊或俯冲带的浅部地幔环境。但随着近些年在豆荚状铬铁矿及围岩地幔橄榄岩中不断发现金刚石等深部矿物,人们也开始质疑豆荚状铬铁矿的浅部成因理论。本文系统研究了西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带东段的罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿床,识别出两类铬铁矿,一类以方辉橄榄岩为围岩的致密块状铬铁矿(Cr1#),另一类是以纯橄岩壳为围岩的浸染状铬铁矿(Cr2#)。两类铬铁矿在铬尖晶石的矿物化学成分、PGE和Re-Os同位素特征上存在较大差别,属不同演化过程的结果。地幔橄榄岩的地球化学特征指示罗布莎橄榄岩中存在由低铬且轻稀土亏损和高铬且轻稀土富集的两类方辉橄榄岩。在此基础上,提出豆荚状铬铁矿为多阶段形成的新认识,经历了早期俯冲至地幔过渡带(410~660km)的陆壳和洋壳物质被脱水和肢解,过渡带产生的热和流体促成了地幔的熔融和Cr的释放和汇聚;铬铁矿浆在地幔柱/地幔对流驱动下,运移至过渡带顶部冷凝固结,并有强还原性的流体进入,后者携带了深部形成的金刚石、斯石英等高压矿物,并进入"塑性-半塑性地幔橄榄岩"中;随着物质向上移动,深度降低,早期超高压相矿物发生相变,如斯石英转变成柯石英,高压相的铬铁矿中出溶成柯石英和单斜辉石;在侵位过程和俯冲带环境,含水熔体与方辉橄榄岩反应形成了不含超高压矿物的规模相对较小的浸染状铬铁矿(Cr2#)及纯橄岩壳。     

JCZ－1型地震仪观测的地球环型自由振荡

我们首次采用JCZ－1型地震仪观测资料研究地球环型自由振荡,2011年日本9.0级地震、2010年智利8.8级地震和2005年印尼8.6级地震后武汉地震台JCZ－1型地震仪观测到了其激发的环型自由振荡,我们从中检测了基振型0T2 ~0T67和一次振型1T2 ~1T50等振型的本征周期,与PREM的理论值比较,误差比小于0.5%,补充了PREM中未提到的几次振型的本征周期：0T11、0T15、0T19、1T4、1T5、1T14,并观测到了日本地震0T2、0T6、0T7 和0T8振型的多峰值现象。研究结果也表明了JCZ－1型地震仪具有良好的观测超低频长周期地球自由振荡的能力。     

Influences of Indian Ocean interannual variability on different stages of El Nio: A FOAM1.5 model approach

Both the tropical Indian and tropical Pacific Oceans are active atmosphere-ocean interactive regions with robust interannual variability, which also constitutes a linkage between the two basins in the mode of variability. Using a global atmosphereocean coupled model, we conducted two experiments(CTRL and PC) to explore the contributions of Indian Ocean interannual sea surface temperature(SST) modes to the occurrence of El Ni?o events. The results show that interannual variability of the SST in the Indian Ocean induces a rapid growth of El Ni?o events during the boreal autumn in an El Ni?o developing year. However, it weakens El Ni?o events or even promotes cold phase conversions in an El Ni?o decaying year. Therefore, the entire period of the El Ni?o is shortened by the interannual variations of the Indian Ocean SST. Specifically, during the El Ni?o developing years, the positive Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) events force an anomalous Walker circulation, which then enhances the existing westerly wind anomalies over the west Pacific. This will cause a warmer El Ni?o event, with some modulations by ocean advection and oceanic Rossby and Kelvin waves. However, with the onset of the South Asian monsoon, the Indian Ocean Basin(IOB) warming SST anomalies excite low level easterly wind anomalies over the west tropical Pacific during the El Ni?o decaying years. As a result, the El Ni?o event is prompted to change from a warm phase to a cold phase. At the same time, an associated atmospheric anticyclone anomaly appears and leads to a decreasing precipitation anomaly over the northwest Pacific. In summary, with remote forcing in the atmospheric circulation, the IOD mode usually affects the El Ni?o during the developing years, whereas the IOB mode affects the El Ni?o during the decaying years.     

Biologischer Abbau von 2,4-Dinitrotoluol in einer kontinuierlich betriebenen Versuchsanlage und kinetische Untersuchungen

Biological Degradation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in a Continuous Bioreactor and Kinetic Studies Experimental results on the aerobic biological degradation with complete mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) are presented. A culture of Pseudomonas sp. DNT from Spain and Nishino was used. The degradation was examined with batch cultures for the determination of kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients. Further experiments were carried out with a continuous culture in a fixed-bed reactor with recirculation in order to obtain high degradation rates. The reactor was packed with ceramic Raschig rings (55 mL) and had a liquid reaction volume of 160 mL. The minimal salt media from Spanggord et al. with and without (NH₄)₂S)₄ as nitrogen source was used as substrate. 2,4-DNT was the sole source of carbon and energy. From batch experiments a yield coefficient Y_B/S = (0.30 ± 0.05) g g^?1 was calculated from a mass balance of the elements. This result was confirmed by calculations using literature data. Fitting the experimental data to the Monod equation, μ_max = 0.1 h^?1 and K_S = 0.01…0.03 mmol L^?1 were obtained. It was demonstrated by batch experiments that 2,4-DNT is not only used as the source of carbon and energy but also as the nitrogen source. In the fixed-bed reactor, a degradation of 92…97% was reached with a maximal 2,4-DNT load of 95 mg L^?1 h^?1. The rate of continuous degradation could be described by a pseudo-first-order reaction (k = 9.73 h^?1). The complete mineralization of 2,4-DNT was verified by the measurement of DOC and the formed nitrite and nitrate. The formed nitrite was nitrified simultaneously. It was demonstrated by these experiments that large scale biological treatment of industrial effluent containing 2,4-DNT may be successful.     

东亚夏季风年际变率及其与中、高纬度大气环流以及外强迫异常的联系

利用欧洲中心35年(1968-2002年)月平均再分析资料(ERA-40),通过矢量经验正交分析方法,研究了东亚夏季风年际变率的第2、3优势模态及其与中、高纬度大气环流和外强迫异常之间的联系.这两个优势模态均与北半球中、高纬度大气环流异常有密切的关系,累计解释协方差超过了东亚夏季风的第1模态.东亚夏季风变率的第2模态解...