集合经验模态分解(EEMD)在地下水位数据处理中的应用初探

使用集合经验模态分解方法将水位观测数据分为高、中、低等3个频率分量。高频分量可以用来识别和研究包含同震响应在内的高频事件;中间频率分量包含固体潮的半日波、全日波信号;低频分量则反映观测数据的长期趋势性变化特征。在此基础上,将该方法应用于张道口-1井和新10井的水位观测分钟值数据,从处理后得到的高频分量中识别出31次7级以上地震的同震响应,定量地分析了其最大振幅随震中距和震级的变化特征。     

相位降噪与矢径分解组合的矢量序列分解方法

基于矢量序列相位与矢径的统计分布差异,本文提出一种TV (Total Variation)相位降噪和EMD (EmpiricalMode Decomposition)矢径分解组合的矢量序列降噪、分解方法。利用TV细致的演化特点进行相位降噪,其中引入最大信杂比准则,以优化选择调整参数和迭代次数;利用EMD适用于非线性非平稳分解的特点,将矢径分解为多个IMFS(Intrin-sic Mode Function),其中加入了非负判别,以保证重构矢量的相位不会发生跳变。然后,将降噪相位和分解的IMFS一一对应,重构矢量。考虑到历史继承性,该方法称为VEMD(Vector Empirical Mode Decomposition)方法。以高斯噪声污染的2个人工信号(线性调频信号、正弦+线性调频信号)和实测海杂波数据验证了本文所提出方法的性能。     

全波形激光雷达回波分解方法

全波形激光雷达的回波中携带了被测目标的距离与特征信息,为了获取这些信息,本文提出了一种回波分解方法。本方法将原始的全波形回波分解为几个独立的高斯脉冲,并得到其函数表达式,从而提取出被测目标的距离等信息。分解过程中,首先,采用可变阈值的经验模态分解滤波法(EMD-soft)对原始波形进行滤波和噪声水平评估;其次,采用一套应对多种波形组成的初始参数估计方法,获取后续拟合所需的初始参数;最后,采用LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)优化算法对回波进行拟合优化,从而获取全波形回波中包含的独立高斯脉冲及其函数表达式。仿真波形的分解实验表明,分解误差在0.1 ns量级,换算成距离误差为15 mm,通过实验室自制的全波形激光雷达实验系统获取的回波的分解实验表明,分解的距离误差小于0.1 m。对比另外两种高斯分解方法对于相同仿真与实验数据的分解结果可以看出,本方法在分解成功率与精度上都有较大的提高。回波分解后的独立高斯脉冲中,除距离外还含有被测目标的反射率、粗糙度、面型等丰富的信息,回波分解方法作为回波分析的基础,将在遥感、测绘等生产与科研领域中发挥非常重要的作用。     

基于Argo浮标资料的西北太平洋模态水的空间结构及年际变化

基于国际Argo资料中心提供的从2004年1月至2007年10月的浮标剖面资料,对西北太平洋模态水的时空变化特征进行分析.结合WOA01(the World Ocean Atlas 2001)资料,选定模态水主要形成区(30°～35°N,140°～155°E)作为研究区域,利用3月份的平均资料,给出西北太平洋模态水的空间结构为:北边界位于34.5°N附近,南边界可达30°N以南,东边界位于151.5°E,西边界可达140°E以西,深度为350 m以浅.通过对模态水核心区的逐月资料分析,揭示了其温度、盐度等的季节变化,并提出一种判别模态水范围的盐度判别法.结合海平面高度异常变化,初步分析了涡旋对模态水的影响,发现涡旋只能暂时改变核心区模态水的温盐结构,之后该区域模态水将基本恢复到正常状态.根据模态水2004-2007年的水文数据特点,发现在过去4 a中模态水性质基本稳定,变化很小.     

德雷克海峡上层海洋温度的年代际变化

采用经验模分解方法分析了德雷克海峡上层海洋温度的年代际变化特征.结果表明德雷克海峡上层海洋平均温度在1976-1986年以平均每年0.124 ℃的速度下降,而在1987-1998年以每年0.144 ℃的速度上升.与南方涛动指数的年代际时间尺度分量的相关性分析结果表明,热带太平洋海面气压场的变化对德雷克海峡上层海洋温度的年代际变化有一定影响.     

新疆蒙库铁矿床稀土元素地球化学及对铁成矿作用的指示

新疆富蕴县蒙库大型铁矿呈层状、似层状、透镜状赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中.矿体中发育矽卡岩,但矽卡岩并不产在侵入岩接触带上.绿帘石、石榴石和矿石的稀土配分模式具有相似性,均为轻稀土富集,正铕异常,基本上无铈异常,暗示它们之间存在成因联系.石榴石稀土配分模式呈折线型,具有明显的正铕异常,石榴石流体包裹体中熔融包裹体、熔流包裹体和气液包裹体共存,表明石榴石矽卡岩具有岩浆成因和热液成因的特征,形成于晶体 熔体 流体三相共存的岩浆-热液过渡阶段.矿床地质特征、矽卡岩矿物和矿石稀土特征表明蒙库铁矿为矽卡岩型矿床.     

The Merensky Cyclic Unit and its impact on footwall cumulates below Normal and Regional Pothole reef types in the Western Bushveld Complex

The Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex occurs in its highest stratigraphic position as a heterogeneous, pegmatitic, feldspathic melanorite bounded by two narrow chromitite stringers at the base of the Merensky Cyclic Unit (MCU). In the Swartklip Facies of the Rustenburg Layered Suite, the occurrence of widespread thermal and mechanical erosion termed “potholing” has led to the subdivision of the Merensky Reef into Normal Reef and Regional Pothole Reef sub-facies. The transition between the two sub-facies occurs where the MCU transgresses the lower chromitite stringer of the Normal Merensky Reef and cuts down into the underlying cumulate lithologies. In the Regional Pothole Reef at the Northam Platinum Mine, several economic reef types are identified, where the Merensky Reef becomes conformable to cumulate layering, in particular, to the footwall marker (NP2 reef type) and the upper pseudoReef (P2 reef type). The Normal Merensky Reef, as well as the P2 and NP2 Reefs, contains economic platinum group element (PGE) grades and includes the lower portion of the MCU melanorite and the Merensky Chromitite. Whole rock geochemistry indicates that this package is compositionally identical in Normal, P2, and NP2 Reefs, suggesting that the base of the MCU is a relatively homogeneous drape over both Normal and Regional Pothole Reef regions. However, the lower sections of the three Reefs are variables depending on the depth of transgression of the MCU. In the Normal and P2 reef types, transgression by the MCU was arrested within harzburgites, melanorites, and norites, resulting in coarse, pegmatitic textures in the immediate footwall units. For the NP2 Reef, transgression by the MCU was arrested within leucocratic rocks and resulted in the formation of troctolites below the Merensky Chromitite. These troctolites are characterised by a coupled relationship between olivine and sulphides and by changes in major element chemistry and PGE contents relative to equivalent units in the footwall of the Normal Reef. Along with micro-textural relationships, these features suggest that troctolization of leucocratic cumulates in the NP2 Reef beneath the Merensky chromitite was a result of a reactive infiltration of a chromite-saturated melt and an immiscible sulphide liquid from the overlying MCU, rather than a significant fluid flux from below. In all reef types, the concentration of S defines symmetrical peaks centred on the Merensky Chromitite (and chromitites from pre-existing cyclic units in Normal and P2 Reefs), whereas PGE concentrations define asymmetrical peaks with higher PGE contents in reconstituted footwall rocks relative to the MCU melanorite. This signature is attributable to a magmatic model of PGE collection followed by deposition towards the base of the MCU and within reconstituted footwall rocks. The continuity of the asymmetrical magmatic PGE signature between the Normal Reef and Regional Pothole Reef sub-facies indicates that PGE mineralization inherent to the Merensky magma occurred as a drape over a variably eroded and subsequent texturally and geochemically reworked or reconstituted footwall.     

兰坪盆地水泄铜(钴)矿床石英的40Ar-39Ar快中子活化年龄

选取水泄铜(钴)矿床主成矿阶段的石英样品进行⁴⁰Ar-³⁹快中子活化法同位素地质年龄测定,获得坪年龄59.2±0.8Ma,对应的等时年龄为59.8±0.5Ma,反等时线年龄为59.9±0.1Ma,三者在误差范围内完全一致,都可代表矿石的形成年龄。该年龄与兰坪盆地铜多金属矿集区的矿床形成时代一致,反映包括水泄铜(钴)矿床在内的区域矿床形成于喜马拉雅造山运动早期统一的构造地质背景之下,受同一期构造—热演化事件的制约。     

The origin and evolution of mineralizing fluids in the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin, Southeastern Korea

Ferroalloy, base-metal and precious-metal deposits in or around the Gyeongsang Basin, which is located in the Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary terrain at the southeastern Korea, displays a genetic relationship with subvolcanic activities of Late Cretaceous to Tertiary age. Diverse mineralization, which occurs as vein, breccia-pipe, porphyry-style and skarn deposits, took place from 108 to 45 Ma that overlapped with polyphase episodes of igneous activity. Based on the mineralogy, host rock, fluid inclusion and stable isotope data of the deposits, the systematic variation of physicochemical conditions is thought to be due to their relative positions with respect to a magma source that is genetically related to a low to intermediate-sulfidation porphyry system. There appears to be a systematic decrease towards δ¹⁸O_H2O values from copper (-gold) and ferroalloy deposits through polymetallic to precious-metal ones. However, Cu (-Au) or Fe–Mo–W deposits are proximal to a magmatic source, whereas polymetallic or precious-metal deposits are more distal to transitional.     

辽宁白云金矿床成矿时代探讨

白云金矿和上于辽宁东部古元代变质岩系分布区,辽东地区已发现多个大型金矿床,为中国东部重要金矿集中区之一,对于包括白放在内的该区金矿的成因和成矿时代有多种观点。西方关Ｋ－Ａｒ法测年的基础上,采用了石英＾４０Ａｒ／＾３９Ａｒ法研究白放床的成矿时代,样品从４６０℃到１６００℃进行了九个阶段的加热分析,从白云金矿床含金铁硅钾蚀变岩中分离的两个石英单矿物样品通过＾４０Ａｒ／Ａｒ快中子活化、阶段加热法获得的坪