New Mexico structural zone—an analogue of the Colorado mineral belt

Updated aeromagnetic maps of New Mexico together with current knowledge of the basement geology in the northern part of the state (Sangre de Cristo and Sandia–Manzano Mountains)—where basement rocks were exposed in Precambrian-cored uplifts—indicate that the northeast-trending Proterozoic shear zones that controlled localization of ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt extend laterally into New Mexico. The shear zones in New Mexico coincide spatially with known epigenetic precious- and base-metal ore deposits; thus, the mineralized belts in the two states share a common inherited basement tectonic setting. Reactivation of the basement structures in Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary times provided zones of weakness for emplacement of magmas and conduits for ore-forming solutions. Ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt are of both Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary age; those in New Mexico are predominantly Mid-Tertiary in age, but include Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in southwestern New Mexico.The mineralized belt in New Mexico, named the New Mexico structural zone, is 250-km wide. The northwest boundary is the Jemez subzone (or the approximately equivalent Globe belt), and the southeastern boundary was approximately marked by the Santa Rita belt. Three groups (subzones) of mineral deposits characterize the structural zone: (1) Mid-Tertiary porphyry molybdenite and alkaline-precious-metal deposits, in the northeast segment of the Jemez zone; (2) Mid-Tertiary epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Tijeras (intermediate) zone; and (3) Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in the Santa Rita zone. The structural zone was inferred to extend from New Mexico into adjacent Arizona. The structural zone provides favorable sites for exploration, particularly those parts of the Jemez subzone covered by Neogene volcanic and sedimentary rocks.     

华北地台北缘成矿带大青山绿岩型金矿地质特征

本文详细阐述了大青山地区绿岩型金矿的地质特征和找矿标志,指出金矿化带赋存在二道洼群大理岩与其它岩层的接触部位,同时受韧性剪切带控制,在大理岩褶曲部位或下层位有利于形成较富矿体。该类型金矿的发现,大大地拓展了在大青山地区的找矿空间。     

Variation in element release rate from different mineral size fractions from the B horizon of a granitic podzol

Far-from-equilibrium batch dissolution experiments were carried out on the 2000–500, 500–250, 250–53 and 53–2 μm size fractions of the mineral component of the B horizon of a granitic iron humus podzol after removal of organic matter and secondary precipitates. The different size fractions were mineralogically and chemically similar, the main minerals present being quartz, alkali and plagioclase feldspar, biotite and chlorite. Specific surface area increased with decreasing grain size. The measured element release rates decreased in the order 53–2>>>2000–500>500–250>250–53 μm. Surface area normalised element release rates from the 2000–500, 500–250 and 250–53 μm size fractions (0.6–77×10⁻¹⁴ mol/m²/s) were intermediate between literature reported surface area normalised dissolution rates for monomineralic powders of feldspar (0.1–0.01×10⁻¹⁴ mol/m²/s) and sheet silicates (100×10⁻¹⁴ mol/m²/s) dissolving under similar conditions. Element release rates from the 53–2 μm fraction (400–3000×10⁻¹⁴ mol/m²/s) were a factor of 4–30 larger than literature reported values for sheet silicates. The large element release rate of the 53–2 μm fraction means that, despite the small mass fraction of 53–2 μm sized particles present in the soil, dissolution of this fraction is the most important for element release into the soil. A theoretical model predicted similar (within a factor of <2) bulk element release rates for all the mineral powders if observed thicknesses of sheet silicate grains were used as input parameters. Decreasing element release rates with decreasing grain size were only predicted if the thickness of sheet silicates in the powders was held constant. A significantly larger release rate for the 53–2 μm fraction relative to the other size fractions was only predicted if either surface roughness was set several orders of magnitude higher for sheet silicates and several orders of magnitude lower for quartz and feldspars in the 53–2 μm fraction compared to the other size fractions or if the sheet silicate thickness input in the 53–2 μm fraction was set unrealistically low. It is therefore hypothesised that the reason for the unpredicted large release rate from the 52–3 μm size fraction is due to one or more of the following reasons: (1) the greater reactivity of the smaller particles due to surface free energy effects, (2) the lack of proportionality between the BET surface area used to normalise the release rates and the actual reactive surface area of the grains and, (3) the presence of traces quantities of reactive minerals which were undetected in the 53–2 μm fraction but were entirely absent in the coarser fractions.     

FW-300型非开挖导向钻机给进机构的设计

指出了对非开挖钻机给进机构的基本要求，着重介绍了FW－300型非开挖导向钻机机构的设计思想及主要部件设计。     

挡块对斜拉桥抗震性能的影响

本文基于现有永和斜拉桥挡块设施的严重破损，引入非线性挡块元，采用有限元计算分析挡块对斜拉桥抗震性能的影响。结果表明，斜拉桥塔根挡块的调协对减震效果影响不大，但挡块具有减小塔顶残余变形的有利作用。鉴于此，对永和斜拉桥挡块进行修复是必要的。     

川滇地区地震(Ms≥5.0)破裂类型与前兆异常分布的关系

对川滇地区 31次 (组 ) 5 .0级以上地震与余震次数的关系进行了统计 ,结合“强地震分为走滑型地震和断错型地震”的理论 ,确定了各次 (组 )地震的破裂类型。从物理机制上对地震破裂类型与震前前兆异常分布关系进行了讨论 ,由此进一步探讨了 5 .0级以上地震震后趋势预测     

云南省金沙江流域水土流失基本特征分析

在应用新近建立的云南金沙江流域土壤流失方程测算该流域各县(市、区)年均土壤流失总量和各地类年均 土壤流失量基础上,分析了该流域水土流失的总体特征、各地类水土流失特征和不同坡度级坡耕地的水土流失特 征,为因地制宜地防治水土流失提供了依据。     

试论少数民族地区的生态化旅游开发

生态化旅游开发是有别于传统的旅游开发的一种可持续开发与发展的理念，它追求的是生态、社会和经济综合效益的最大化，应该成为旅游开发与旅游业发展的主要方向。民族地区的旅游开发具有特定的区域生态特征。其生态化旅游开发的核心问题是旅游环境容量的确定与旅游环境的保护、民族特色与民族文化的弘扬以及注重旅游经济发展过程中旅游业的拉动效应及其依托性之间的关系处理等。     

策勒绿洲植被覆盖动态变化遥感研究

使用经严格配准的2个时相的TM和HRV图像数据为基础底料编制规一化植被指数图（NDVI），根据策勒绿洲特有的生态环境特征，研究植被指数灰度级与盖度级的对应函数关系，将其转换成植被盖度图。最终利用植被盖度图像所提供的各盖度级的数量和空间分配状况来评价图像所包括时段，即1990年至1998年期间植被环境质量的变化，为该区域生态环境综合治理提供新的研究方法。     

矿产资源资产与市场优化配置

将土地资产的理论与经验引进矿产资源管理，探讨建立和完善社会主义矿产资源市场经济制造，指出实现矿产资源性资产的市场机制是资源优化配置的一种十分重要的手段。它能够通过各级政府规划或者指导对资源的形势研究，预测其供求、价格和竞争之间的相互作用和影响。推动资源的科学利用与有效保护，合理流动与分配，提高资源利用率，从而促进社会经济的可持续发展。探讨和创建矿产资源性资产与产权管理的新机制，其实质是采矿权人根据国家法律，按统一的技术规定、规程、标准和要求，对其占用的资源储量进行定期或不定期的检测，编制相应的动态报表、年度报告和统计报表。国家根据矿种类型，通过省市县建立不同层次的矿产资源储量数据库进行产权管理。政府的监督管理主要由矿产资源储量登记与统计及核查机制组成。