与国际框架接轨的我国矿产资源/储量分类

回顾了我国现行矿产储量分类分级标准的制订情况,分析了其存在的主要问题。简要介绍了《联合国国际储量／ 资源分类框架》。通过新颁发的《固体矿产资源／ 储量分类》国家标准与我国现行分类及联合国框架的对比,阐述了其主要特点及实施意义。     

基于GIS的单元簇遗传建模及其在区域矿产预测中的应用

论述一种GIS支持下的基于"单元簇”概念和遗传建模的多源地学信息综合分析方法及在多目标矿产预测中的应用.在以往矿产定量预测中,根据随机抽样思想进行单元划分,对空间信息利用不够充分.用单元的空间组合("单元簇”)代替单元作为定量类比的基本单位,从而能较好实现地质变量值及其所反映的局部地质空间结构的定量类比;将单元作为GIS区图元,利用GIS空间分析功能实现对单元及单元簇的管理和操作;以已知样品判对率最大为适应值计算准则,用遗传算法建立线性判别函数,可快速有效地实现多目标矿产定位预测.以新疆康古尔塔格地区金矿预测实例说明了其应用效果.     

Industrial structural changes in Hong Kong, China under one country, two systems framework

Hong Kong has undergone substantial economic transformations and developed into a sophisticated business and financial center in the Asia-Pacific region,since the return of sovereignty to China as a Special Administrative Region under the One Country Two Systems (OCTS) in 1997.This paper discusses and analyzes the industrial structural changes of Hong Kong in recent decades as well as its future challenges and opportunities.The data and finding reveal that even though Hong Kong will face fierce competition from the Mainland’s cities as the rise of China,the important role as a bridge between China and the rest of the world will brace Hong Kong itself under the OCTS for developing into a service hub for business and trade in the Asia-Pacific region.     

Transformation of Carbon and Nitrogen by Earthworms in the Decomposition Processes of Broad-leaved Litters

Earthworms are the important constituents in the decayed food web and the main ecological conditioners in the process of decomposition and nutrient mineralization. The transformation of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the broad-leaved litters ingested by earthworms was researched by means of a laboratory experiment. Experimental samples were collected from broad-leaved Korea Pine mixed forest in Liangshui National Natural Reserve (47°10′50″N, 128°53′20″E) in the northeastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China. The contents of organic C and total N in earthworms, leaf litters and earthworm faeces were analyzed. Results show that the organic C content was in the fol- lowing order: leaf litters>faeces>earthworms, while total N content was contrary to that of the organic C. The organic C contents in the different leaf litters were in the following order: Tilia amurensis>Betula costata>Acer mono, whereas the total N contents in the different leaf litters were: Betula costata>Tilia amurensis>Acer mono. The contents of organic C and total N in the faeces from the different leaf litters were almost consistent with the contents of the leaf litters. After the leaf litters were ingested by earthworms, the organic C, which was transformed to increase earthworms' weights, ac- counted for 3.90%-13.31% of the total ingestion by earthworms, while that in the earthworm faeces accounted for 6.14%-13.70%. The transformed organic C through the other metabolism (e.g., respiration) of earthworms accounted for 75.04%-89.92%. The ingested organic C by earthworms was mostly used for metabolic activities. The N ingested by earthworms was less than organic C. It is estimated that 37.08% of total N was transformed to increase the earthworm's weight, 19.97% into earthworm faeces and 47.86% for the consumption of the earthworm's activities. The earthworms not only increased the content of organic C and total N in the soil, but also decreased the values of C/N in the soil and leaf litters. Earthworms play a major role in the leaf litters' decomposition and transformation.     

蒙特卡罗法在资源评价中的应用

结合陕西灞源地区金矿预测实例,探讨了在蒙特卡罗法应用中潜在矿床总数估计及资源总量概率分布向资源潜力分布转换两个环节的合理实现方法。在一定条件下,矿点空间分布模型和发现过程模型可有效地用于估计潜在矿床总数。通过坐标平移或求截尾分布而将资源总量的概率分布转变为资源潜力的概率分布,可得到较为符合地质实际的评价结果。     

WGS-84与北京54坐标的转换问题

GPS测量得到的是WGS-84中的地心空间直角坐标，而工程施工中通常使用地方独立坐标系，要求得到地方平面坐标。如何实现两者的转换，一直是工程施工中关心的热点问题。介绍了从GPS定位结果至平面坐标的两种转换模型。平面转换模型原理简单，数值稳定可靠，但只适用于小范围的GPS测量；空间转换模型可用于大范围GPS测量，按实际情况又分为7参数转换和3参数转换两种。鉴于54坐标点的大地高通常不能精确得知，对这两种转换方法得到的平面坐标的精度进行了比较，得出大地高精度主要表现为对高程的影响，对平面坐标影响较小的结论。此外，还讨论了7参数与3参数模型对转换结果的影响。     

GPS与GLONASS的坐标转换

１９９６年１月,俄罗斯完成了对ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ的２４颗卫星布设,并开始整体运行。ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ与 ＧＰＳ相比无 Ｓ／Ａ政策影响,与 ＧＰＳ联合使用可提高单点定位的精度。因此 ＧＰＳ与ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ的联合应用具有广泛的应用前景,但前提是必须知道ＧＰＳ与ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ的坐标转换参数。本文分析了计算坐标转换参数的模型及计算方法,介绍了俄罗斯国防部第２９研究所为确定适用于俄罗斯地区的ＧＰＳ与ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ转换参数而进行的ＧＰＳ、ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ观测及数据处理,认为：在中国地壳运动观测网络基础上,计算适用于中国地区的ＧＰＳ与ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ的坐标转换参数是可行的,也是必要的。     

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排序对模糊度解算中降相关性能的影响分析

针对不同排序算法对模糊度解算存在降相关性能影响的问题,从理论上分析了自然升序法、对称旋转法及扰动升序法的降相关原理,并基于模拟数据和实测数据,从降相关时间、搜索时间、总体耗时、Bootstrapping成功率及条件数5个方面对3种算法进行对比分析。结果表明,降相关效率与搜索椭球压缩程度呈负相关关系,搜索椭球压缩程度越高,降相关效率越低;对于不同的排序算法,提高降相关性能的关键在于减少降相关时间及对条件方差按一定方向排序,进而提高搜索效率。     

四元数的基本概念与向量旋转的欧拉公式

为方便理解四元数,首先针对两个相互平行或垂直的向量,定义它们之间的一种不可交换乘积,命名为格拉斯曼乘积,同时约定这一不可交换积满足分配律。由此,进一步给出任意两个向量之间格拉斯曼积的具体表达式,并引出四元数的概念和运算法则。从理论上证明,任意四元数都可表示为两个向量之间的格拉斯曼积,并可以利用单位四元数的正交变换来表示向量旋转的欧拉公式。