加强地矿行政管理工作促进矿业经济持续发展

通过对济宁市矿产资源特点及开发利用现状的分析,针对矿产资源开发、管理及保护中存在的主要问题,就加强地矿行政管理工作、促进矿业经济持续发展提出了对策     

松辽盆地营城组中基性火山岩成岩作用:矿物晶出序列、杏仁体充填和储层效应

利用露头和钻井资料,通过显微镜观测、化学分析和电子探针分析,研究营城组中基性火山岩的矿物晶出系列和杏仁体充填及其储层效应。本区中基性火山岩包括玄武岩、安山岩、玄武安山岩、粗面玄武岩、玄武粗安岩和粗安岩。斑晶矿物的晶出顺序为:橄榄石最早并几乎全部蚀变为蛇纹石、伊丁石和磁铁矿,仅保留橄榄石假象;辉石被斜长石包含或与之交生,说明辉石晶出有的略早于斜长石、有的与之同时。基质呈间隐间粒结构,为比斑晶偏酸性/碱性的板条状微晶长石堆积搭成格架、内充填玻璃质及微晶粒状矿物(橄榄石、辉石和磁铁矿)。基质结晶晚于斑晶,晶出序列为微晶粒状矿物→微晶长石→玻璃质。有单成分和复成分两种杏仁体。单成分者主要见硅质和钙质,具结晶世代性,为后生流体沉淀充填形成,可作为储层变差或非储层的标志。复成分杏仁体是原生火山玻璃固态下水合与蚀变作用的结果:包括蛇纹石/绿泥石-火山玻璃、石英-方解石-皂石/方解石和石英-绿泥石-方解石等组合类型,通常可作为储层改善或有效性增加的标志。中基性火山玻璃蚀变分为四个阶段:新鲜火山玻璃(折光率1.57)→水合火山玻璃(折光率降至1.53)→橙玄玻璃(铁镁质微晶矿物集合体)→新生矿物(石英、方解石、蛇纹石、绿泥石、皂石);由火山玻璃变为新生矿物的体积减小或孔隙增加效应为7%～10%。     

加强云南宝玉石资源勘察及保护的建议

云南宝玉石成矿地质条件优越,发展宝玉石产业潜力很大。启动、推进全方位宝玉石资源调查和开发（“探宝工程”）,逐渐成为云南新兴支柱产业,是省政府的又一大决策。加强宝玉石资源的勘察和保护是保持宝玉石产业健康发展的必由之路。     

大洋橄榄岩的蛇纹岩石化研究进展评述

橄榄岩的蛇纹石化是大洋中不可忽略的重要地质过程,近年来引起广泛关注。大洋橄榄岩的蛇纹石化主要发生在洋中脊和汇聚板块边缘等环境中,大洋蛇纹岩典型的矿物组合包括:蛇纹石±磁铁矿±滑石±水镁石±角闪石。其中蛇纹石根据其矿物的晶体结构特征可分为利蛇纹石、纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石3种类型;偏光显微镜下可将蛇纹石结构划分为3类:假晶结构、非假晶结构和过渡结构。橄榄岩的蛇纹石化不仅会改变岩石的物理性质,如导致岩石密度的减小和地震波速的降低、影响橄榄岩的磁性等,而且也会对橄榄岩的流变性产生重要影响。大洋超基性岩系热液系统的发现,进一步激发了研究者们对大洋橄榄岩蛇纹石化研究的兴趣。与橄榄岩蛇纹石化相关的喷口流体含有较高的H2和CH4含量,此外,蛇纹石化是一个放热反应,可以驱动热液循环,导致Lost City等中低温型热液系统的出现。     

Radar observations of E-class Asteroids 44 Nysa and 434 Hungaria

We observed the E-class main-belt Asteroids (MBAs) 44 Nysa and 434 Hungaria with Arecibo Observatory's S-band (12.6 cm) radar. Both asteroids exhibit polarization ratios higher than those measured for any other MBA: Nysa, μc=0.50±0.02 and Hungaria, μc=0.8±0.1. This is consistent with the high polarization ratios measured for every E-class near-Earth asteroid (NEA) observed by Benner et al. [Benner, L.A.M., and 10 collegues, 2008. Icarus, submitted for publication] and suggests a common cause. Our estimates of radar albedo are 0.19±0.06 for Nysa and 0.22±0.06 for Hungaria. These values are higher than those of most MBAs and, when combined with their high polarization ratios, suggest that the surface bulk density of both asteroids is high. We model Nysa as an ellipsoid of dimension 113×67×65 km (±15%) giving an effective diameter Deff=79±10 km, consistent with previous estimates. The echo waveforms are not consistent with a contact binary as suggested by Kaasalainen et al. [Kaasalainen, M., Torppa, J., Piironen, J., 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 383, L19-L22]. We place a constraint on Hungaria's maximum diameter, Dmax?11 km consistent with previous size estimates.     

苏州A-型花岗岩性质的研究

本文从岩体地质构造、岩石结构和岩化性质,来论述苏州A-型花岗岩的非造山、无水和偏碱性特征。同时通过各种参数测定得知:本岩系中的钾长石和斜长石均为低结构态高有序度的。石英为β形。云母多为羟铁云母。副矿物有铌铁矿、磁铁矿、钛铁矿和碳硅石等四十多种。过渡性元素的Nb、Ta,Zr、REE、Y、Sn、Th、Ga和Zn丰度比其它类型花岗岩高出10倍到100倍,F的含量高得出奇,而Al、Ca、Mg则偏低。Ga/Al比值高。氧同位素值低,δ~(18)0(全岩)=7.53％。REE中Eu亏损严重。成岩时t=810℃,p=2     

Review on Lithospheric Diamonds and Their Mineral Inclusions

Diamonds and their mineral inclusions are valuable for studying the genesis of diamonds, the characteristics and processes of ancient lithospheric mantle and deeper mantle. This has been paid lots of attentions by geologists both at home and abroad. Most diamonds come from lithospheric mantle. According to their formation preceded, accompanied or followed crystallization of their host diamonds, mineral inclusions in diamonds are divided into three groups: protogenetic, syngenetic and epigenetic. To determine which group the mineral inclusions belong to is very important because it is vital for understanding the data’s meaning. According to the type of mantle source rocks, mineral inclusions in diamonds are usually divided into peridotitic (or ultramafic) suite and eclogitic suite. The mineral species of each suite are described and mineralogical characteristics of most common inclusions in diamonds, such as olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, garnet, chromite and sulfide are reviewed in detail. In this paper, the main research fields and findings of diamonds and their inclusions were described: ①getting knowledge of mineralogical and petrologic characteristics of diamond source areas, characteristics of mantle fluids and mantle dynamics processes by studying the major element and trace element compositions of mineral inclusions; ②discussing deep carbon cycle by studying carbon isotopic composition of diamonds; ③determining forming temperature and pressure of diamonds by using appropriate assemblages of mineral inclusions or single mineral inclusion as geothermobarometry, by using the abundance and aggregation of nitrogen impurities in diamonds and by measuring the residual stress that an inclusion remains under within a diamond ; ④estimating the crystallization ages of diamonds by using the aggregation of nitrogen impurities in diamonds and by determine the radiometric ages of syngenetic mineral inclusions in diamonds. Genetic model of craton lithospheric diamonds and their mineral inclusion were also introduced. In the end, the research progress on diamonds and their inclusions in China and the gap between domestic and international research are discussed.     

CCSD主孔微破裂脉次生包裹体的均一温度

CCSD主孔中发育有十分丰富的脆性变形现象,按其充填特征大致可划分有石英和方解石充填的微破裂、有矿物薄膜的微破裂和既无矿物充填、又无矿物簿膜的微破裂等3大类.石英微破裂脉和方解石微破裂脉次生包裹体的均一温度分别为110℃～215℃和90℃～190℃,表明前者的形成要早于后者,按现代地热梯度23.4℃/km估算,两者的形成深度分别为4.7～9.2km和3.8～8.1km,9.2km大致可作为宏观上岩石圈发生脆性变形的最大深度或岩石圈由韧性变形域向脆性变形域过渡的界线.片麻岩、榴辉岩和超基性岩微破裂脉的次生包裹体均一温度显示三者由韧性变形域向脆性变形域过渡的深度是不一致的,依次为9.2km、8.5km和8.1km,反映主孔主要岩石类型的脆性变形行为存在有一定差异.根据微破裂的充填物特征和相互切割关系,大致可确定主孔中脆性破裂的形成深度和先后关系石英微破裂脉,形成最早,深度为4.7～9.2km,方解石微破裂脉的形成深度为3.8～8.1km,8.1km以上开始出现有矿物薄膜的微破裂,既无矿物充填、又无矿物簿膜的微破裂则是地壳深度3.8km以上的主要脆性变形构造类型.可见,微破裂次生包裹体的均一温度或许可作为宏观上建立CCSD主孔脆性变形构造剖面的重要依据之一.     

黄金地质勘查信息系统设计

为适应地质工作数字化发展趋势,实现黄金地质勘查工作的数字化、信息化、网络化、标准化,设计开发黄金地质勘查信息系统。该系统针对黄金部队地质勘查与管理工作特点、组织结构、计算机软硬件及网络建设现状和发展趋势,充分考虑文本数据、图形(图像)数据特性,采用GIS、数据库、．net技术,设计分布式黄金地质信息数据库,实现施工生产信息、管理信息和成果资料信息的一体化存储;设计项目管理、施工生产、统计调度、矿权管理四个模块,满足地质勘查施工生产、过程管理和成果管理的需要。系统采用单机版与网络版相结合的模式,实现地质勘查各类数据的存储、管理、维护和使用。