岩石物理模版在储层定量解释中的应用

岩石物理模板采用测井解释的各类岩性矿物骨架点值,选取适合该地区的岩石物理模型,模拟在不同储层组合、不同孔隙及不同饱和度情况下,储层岩石物理参数变化引起的储层测井参数及地球物理响应特征的变化,定量地建立起储层参数同地球物理弹性参数间的解释关系模版.本文根据新场JS24气藏储层参数分析结果,尝试性地将岩石物理解释模板应用于储层定量解释中,对储层高产气区、含水区域进行定量解释,并预测了该气藏的气水界面,该预测结果与实钻井测试情况吻合,证实了该方法的科学性.     

天然气水合物区多相流体运移模型：以南海神狐海域为例

天然气水合物是重要的海洋油气资源,近年来利用孔隙水地球化学手段结合流体反应运移模型对水合物进行勘探已 成为研究热点。文章针对南海神狐海域钻探GMGS-1航次的数据资料,用孔隙水溴碘摩尔数比值拟合全新世流体运移速率, 构建了二期次非稳态水合物多相流体运移模型,并以SH7站位作为应用,发现自更新世以来研究区水合物成藏系统处于衰 退状态。通过模型参数敏感性分析,了解到影响模型输出的参数权重从高到低依次是沉积物孔隙度、有机质含量和沉积埋 藏速率。进一步数值分析表明,在水合物成藏系统中,有机质含量与水合物饱和度满足线性相关,其他主要参数与饱和度 的关系并非单调函数,且主导水合物稳定区内的甲烷物源是深部外源流体所携带的甲烷。多相流体运移模型对水合物资源 勘查具有一定的理论意义。     

表面活性剂强化空气扰动修复氯苯污染含水层

通过一维砂柱实验研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对空气扰动技术(air sparging,AS)修复氯苯污染地下水的强化效果.结果表明,SDBS的加入降低了地下水的表面张力,减小了水气两相毛细压力,从而提高了地下水中的空气饱和度.当曝气量为100 mL/min,地下水的表面张力由72.2 mN/m降至49.5 mN/m时,地下水中空气饱和度由13.2%提高至50.1%,而后随着表面张力的进一步降低,空气饱和度不再提高,反而有小幅下降.通过污染物的去除实验发现,SDBS的加入大大提高了氯苯的去除率,且去除率的变化与空气饱和度的变化趋势基本相符.因此,表面活性剂的加入可以作为空气扰动技术一种十分有效的强化手段.      

含孔隙、裂隙地层随钻多极子声波测井理论

储层岩石中普遍存在孔隙与裂隙,对钻井中的测井声波产生重要影响.基于孔、裂隙介质弹性波理论,导出了随钻声波测井的井孔声场表达式.据此考察了地层裂隙密度与含气饱和度的变化时井孔内随钻多极子模式波（斯通利波、弯曲波和螺旋波）的速度、衰减与灵敏度以及地层纵、横波的响应特征.裂隙密度与含气饱和度对模式波的速度频散与衰减都有影响,且两参数的值越大,影响越大.具体来说,速度对裂隙密度更敏感,而衰减对含气饱和度更敏感.具有"艾里相"特征的随钻偶极和四极子波在地层含气时产生强烈衰减,可以作为判断地层含气的一个明显指示.理论模拟与实际测井数据分析结果符合较好.     

The reflection of plane waves in a poroelastic half-space saturated with inviscid fluid

This paper discusses surface displacements, surface strain, rocking, and energy partitioning during reflection-of-plane waves in a fluid-saturated poroelastic half-space. The medium is modeled by Biot's theory, and is assumed to be saturated with inviscid fluid. A linear porosity-modulus relation based on experimental data on sandstones is used to determine the material parameters for Biot's model. Numerical results in terms of angle of incident waves and Poisson's ratio are illustrated for various porosities and degrees of solid frame stiffness. The results show that the amount of solid frame stiffness controls the response of a fluid-saturated porous system. A poroelastic medium with essentially dry-frame stiffness behaves like an elastic medium, and the influence of pore fluid increases as dry-frame stiffness is reduced. The effects of a second P-wave become noticeable in poroelastic media with low dry-frame stiffness.     

A comparison of wetness indices for the prediction of observed connected saturated areas under contrasting conditions

For lack of other widely available spatial information, topography is often used to predict water fluxes and water quality in mesoscale watersheds. Such data have however proven to be misleading in many environments where large and flat valley bottoms and/or highly conducive soil covers determine water storage and water transport mechanisms. Also, the focus is generally on the prediction of saturation areas regardless of whether they are connected to the catchment hydrographic network or rather present in isolated topographic depressions. Here soil information was coupled with terrain data towards the targeted prediction of connected saturated areas. The focus was on the 30 km² Girnock catchment (Cairngorm Mountains, northeast Scotland) and its 3 km² sub‐catchment, Bruntland Burn in which seven field surveys were done to capture actual maps of connected saturated areas in both dry and humid conditions. The 1 km² resolution UK Hydrology of Soil Types (HOST) classification was used to extract relevant, spatially variable, soil parameters. Results show that connected saturated areas were fairly well predicted by wetness indices but only in wet conditions when they covered more than 30% of the whole catchment area. Geomorphic indices including information on terrain shape, steepness, aspect, soil texture and soil depth showed potential but generally performed poorly. Indices based on soil and topographic data did not have more predictive power than those based on topographic information only: this was attributed to the coarse resolution of the HOST classification. Nevertheless, analyses provided interesting insights into the scale‐dependent water storage and transport mechanisms in both study catchments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigating the optically stimulated luminescence dose saturation behavior for quartz grains from dune sands in China

The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals from quartz have been widely used to estimate the equivalent dose (D_e) of environment radiation after the deposition of mineral grains. However, the usage of quartz is often limited due to the lower saturation behavior compared with feldspar. Saturation limits among quartz (defining the upper dating range) vary significantly. It is important to better understand the reason for various dose saturation behaviors of the quartz OSL signals. In this study, coarse quartz grains were extracted from the Taklimakan Desert and the Hunshandake sandy land in north China and the dose saturation behavior of quartz OSL signals were studied. Our results suggest that the quartz grains produce very different aliquot-specific dose response curves, showing the significant variability in dose saturation characteristics for OSL signals. Laboratory dosing, optical bleaching and heating experiments were designed to simulate their effects on the dose saturation behavior for the quartz OSL. The results demonstrate that cycles of dosing and optical bleaching have insignificant impact on the OSL dose growth curves, while the heating to high temperature (above 400 °C) can significantly change the dose saturation characteristics for the quartz OSL. Such results suggest that the different heating history of quartz might be an important factor for the variability in dose saturation characteristics for OSL signals. Additionally, the quartz grains from the Hunshandake sandy land exhibit lower dose saturation level for OSL signals, compared with that from the Taklimakan Desert. This can be explained that the quartz grains from Hunshandake sandy land are mainly of igneous origin, while the quartz grains from Taklimakan Desert are mainly of metamorphic origin.     

Investigation of OMA formation and the effect of minerals

Oil-mineral-aggregates (OMA) have been shown to be effective in oil spills cleanup. Experimental work was carried out to study the effects of physical-chemical properties of natural minerals and chemically modified minerals on OMA formation and oil removal. The results showed that the hydrophobicity, particle sizes and specific surface of minerals played an important role in OMA formation. Appropriate hydrophobicity of minerals can enhance the formation of OMA. The surface property of minerals can also influence the shape of OMA. Spherical mineral-oil aggregates were frequently formed with hydrophilic minerals while irregular shaped OMA were observed with hydrophobic minerals. The sizes of OMA also increased when the minerals changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The effects of dispersant and mixing energy were also carefully studied. The results showed that dispersant were a dominant factor. When dispersant was applied, effects of other factors became minimal.     

磁通门罗盘的原理

磁通门罗盘是一种新型罗盘。此罗盘的关键部件是探头,探头主要是由高导磁的软磁材料做成的磁环和线圈组成。当在初级线圈加上交变的激励信号时,即可得到与次级线圈在地磁场中相对应的磁方位角。本文介绍其原理,并对其进行了理论分析。     

A Review of Mineral Resources and GIS Applications in Mineral Resource Assessment in Northeast China

IntroductionThe Northeast China region locates in the centre of Northeast Asia economic zone, and borders onRepublic of Mongolia in the north, Russian Far Eastin the east, and Democratic People, s Republic ofKorea in the south. It includes three provinces…